Current Principles, Practices and Trends in Pediatric: Father of Pediatrics Because of His Many

CURRENT PRINCIPLES, PRACTICES AND TRENDS IN PEDIATRIC
 Pediatric Nursing is the specialized area of nursing practice concerning the care of children
during wellness & illness.
 It includes preventive, promotive, curative and rehabilitative care of children.
 Abraham Jacob (1830-1919) is known as the father of Pediatrics because of his many
contributions to the field.
PRINCIPLES OF PEDIATRIC NURSING
 Build a working relationship with the parents and their children from the time of first
contact.
 Nurse should be aware that all behaviors of parents and children are meaningful.
 Accept parents and their children exactly as they are.
 Allow them to know that their problems are important and the nurse is there to aid in
their solutions.
 Willing to acknowledge the parent's right to their own decisions concerning their
accident.
 Allows the parents and their children to express their emotions, even negative emotions.
 Speak a language understandable to the parent and children.
 Ask questions limited to a single idea or reference.
 Have empathy for parents and children.
 Must help the parents to feel that there is unity among the health team.
FACTORS INFLUENCING TRENDS:
 Changing needs of society

 Medical & technological advances
 Political interests
 Consumers demands
 Increased public awareness
CURRENT TRENDS IN PEDIATRIC NURSING
 FAMILY CENTERED CARE

 HIGH TECHNOLOGY CARE
 EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE
 PRIMARY NURSING TRENDS
 CASE MANAGEMENT
 CHILD ORIENTED ENVIRONMENT
 ATRAUMATIC CARE
 COST CONTAINMENT TRENDS
 NURSING PROCESS APPLICATION
 ETHICS IN PEDIATRIC NURSING
FAMILY CENTERED CARE
 It is based on the philosophy that quality care can be provided in an environment that
family promote the psychological and physiological health of the child.
Concepts:
FCC includes two concepts and this are-
Enabling:
Enable families by creating opportunities and means for all family members to display their
current abilities and competencies to acquire new ones.
Empowering:
Interact such that families maintain or acquire a sense of control over their lives and
acknowledge positive changes.
HIGH TECHNOLOGY CARE
 Advanced laboratory screening methods

 Hospital information system
 Computerized prescription order entry(CPOE)
 Radiofrequency identification data(RFID)
EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE
STEPS:
Formulating a clear question based on a clinical problem.

Literature review to search for the best available evidence.
Evaluating and analyzing the strengths and weaknesses of that evidence in terms of
validity and generalisability.
Implementing useful findings in clinical practice based on valid evidence.
Evaluating efficacy and performance of evidence through a process of self reflection,
audit or peer assessment.
PRIMARY NURSING TRENDS

o 24 hours responsibility and accountability by one nurse for the care of a small group
of patient is possible with primary nursing.
o Primary nurse is essentially, on call all the time and arrange coverage when away.
o During working hours the primary nurse provides total care for that patient.
o An integral responsibility of primary nurse is to establish clear communication
between the patient, the doctor, the associate nurses and other team members
CASE MANAGEMENT
 It is the ability to describe and measure outcomes for a homogenous group of patients,
improve patient satisfaction and decrease fragmentation of care.
 Should have graduate level preparation or is at an advanced level of nursing practice.
 Requires not only advanced nursing skills but also advanced managerial and
communication skills.
 It is the ability to describe and measure outcomes for a homogenous group of patients,
improve patient satisfaction and decrease fragmentation of care.
 CM should have graduate level preparation or is at an advanced level of nursing practice.
 CM role requires not only advanced nursing skills but also advanced managerial and
communication skills.
 CM may follow patient from the diagnostic phase through hospitalization, rehabilitation
and back to home care.
 Has the authority and responsibility for planning, implementing, coordinating &
evaluating care for the patient throughout the period.
 It is considered as an extension of primary nursing
CHILD ORIENTED ENVIRONMENT
ATRAUMATIC CARE
 “It is the philosophy of providing therapeutic care through the use of interventions that
eliminate or minimize the psychological and physical distress experienced by children
and their families.” -Whaley & Wong (1995)
 The overriding goal is “first Do No Harm”.
 Psychological Distress- may include anxiety, fear, anger, disappointment, sadness,
shame or guilt.
 Physical Distress- may range from sleeplessness and immobilization to disturbing
sensory stimuli such as pain, temperature extremes, loud noises, bright lights or darkness.
Three principles provide the framework for achieving this goal:
i. Prevent or minimize child separation from the family

ii. Promote a sense of control.
iii. Prevent or minimize bodily injury or pain.
COST CONTAINMENT TRENDS
 It is the process of controlling the expenses required to operate an organization or

perform a project within pre planned budgetary constraints.
 It helps keep costs down to only necessary & intended expenses in order to satisfy
financial targets.
 It can be achieved in the hospital by following:
 Reduce
 Cost of hospitalization
 Mortality rates
 Hospital stay
 Complications
 Increase family satisfaction
 Intuitive and scientific care to patient and family
 Prevent duplication of nursing care
NURSING PROCESS APPLICATION
o Assessment
o Diagnosis
o Planning
o Intervention
o Evaluation
ETHICS IN PEDIATRIC NURSING

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CURRENT PRINCIPLES, PRACTICES AND TRENDS IN PEDIATRIC

 It includes preventive, promotive, curative and rehabilitative care of children.

PRINCIPLES OF PEDIATRIC NURSING

FACTORS INFLUENCING TRENDS:

 Changing needs of society

CURRENT TRENDS IN PEDIATRIC NURSING

 FAMILY CENTERED CARE

FAMILY CENTERED CARE

FCC includes two concepts and this are-

HIGH TECHNOLOGY CARE

 Advanced laboratory screening methods

EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE

Formulating a clear question based on a clinical problem.

PRIMARY NURSING TRENDS

CHILD ORIENTED ENVIRONMENT

Three principles provide the framework for achieving this goal:

i. Prevent or minimize child separation from the family

 It is the process of controlling the expenses required to operate an organization or

NURSING PROCESS APPLICATION

ETHICS IN PEDIATRIC NURSING

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