E112 - Agustin
E112 - Agustin
E112 - Agustin
Analysis
reflect light. We also discussed the three types of mirror namely, Plain,
and a virtual image, wherein real images are formed when the light rays
from the object intersect each other after reflection and are formed inverted
when the light rays from the object don’t intersect each other after
lenses and on how they interact with light rays and the images that it
know today. Some examples are the telescopes and microscopes which use
performed a similar research which was named Experiment No. 112: Thin
lenses will be explored. The application of the thin lens equation and the
investigated.
To begin, let us know the real denotation of a lens. Lenses are
plastic, which refract light in such a way that an image of the source of
light is formed. Normally, one or both sides of the lens has a spherical
lens, the parallel rays are refracted so that all the light comes together at a
focal point. The distance between the lens and the focal point is called the
focal length of the lens. An imaginary line parallel to the light rays and
through the center of the lens is called the principal axis. Another basic
type of lens is the diverging lens. With a diverging lens, parallel rays are
spread out by the lens. The focus of a diverging lenses is on the same side
optical axis between the two surfaces of the lens) that is negligible
thickness is not negligible are sometimes called thick lenses. The thin lens
refracts light rays in such way as to form an image. Lenses can be thought
produce their own image. When these prisms act together, they produce a
using image height and object height and image distance and object
distance.
The thin-lens equation relates the distance of the object from the lens,
do, and the distance of the image from the lens, di, to the focal length of the
lens, f.
1 1 1
= + Equation 1
f s s'
The magnification M is also the ration of the image distance and object
distance:
s'
M= s Equation 3
There are a variety of types of lenses. Lenses differ from one another
in terms of their shape and the materials from which they are made. Our
focus will be upon lenses that are symmetrical across their horizontal axis -
converges rays of light that are traveling parallel to its principal axis.
Converging lenses can be identified by their shape; they are relatively thick
across their middle and thin at their upper and lower edges. A diverging
lens is a lens that diverges rays of light that are traveling parallel to its
principal axis. Diverging lenses can also be identified by their shape; they
are relatively thin across their middle and thick at their upper and lower
edges.
converging prism or lens and a diverging prism or lens. We can see that
once lights that came from different places hit a converging lens, the result
is that the lights converge with one another and distribute themselves
away from one another. On the other hand, when rays of light that comes
from a single source hit a diverging prism, the result will be a scattering of
vertical axis. Each of the lens' two faces can be thought of as originally
being part of a sphere. The fact that a double convex lens is thicker across
its middle is an indicator that it will converge rays of light that travel
double concave lens is also symmetrical across both its horizontal and
vertical axis. The two faces of a double concave lens can be thought of as
originally being part of a sphere. The fact that a double concave lens is
thinner across its middle is an indicator that it will diverge rays of light
diverging lens.
SIGN CONVENTIONS:
image height. The magnification, m, is the ratio of these heights. Since the
triangle formed by the ray through the center of the lens and the object
distance and height is a similar triangle to the triangle formed by the ray
through the center of the lens and the image distance and height, the ratio
hi −d i
of = .
ho d o
The following sign conventions are used with the thin-lens and
magnification equations:
diverging lens.
• do is positive (+) when the object is to the left of the lens (real
object). do is negative (-) for an object to the right of the lens (virtual object).
• di is positive (+) for an image formed to the right of the lens for a
real object. di is negative (-) for an image formed to the left of the lens for a
real object.
• m is positive (+) for an image that is upright with respect to the
object. m is negative (-) for an image that is inverted with respect to the
object.
When more than one lens is used, the thin lens equation can be
applied to find the image location for the first lens. This location of the
image from the first lens is then used as the object for the second lens and a
second application of the thin lens equation. This process will be used in
the last part of the experiment to investigate a concave lens. For the
MATERIALS
experiment consist of one piece of converging lenses (+200 mm), one piece
of image screen, one piece of light source, and one piece of optic bench. It is
experiment.
Converging Lens
Image Screen
Light Source
Optic Bench
PROCESS
guidelines provided in the Mapua Laboratory Manual. The first thing that
was done in this experiment was connecting the adapter to the light source
to be able to produce light for the experiment. Then, the optical bench was
placed on the table to serve as the base for the other apparatuses.
Subsequent to this, the materials (light source, convex lens, and image
1. Measure the height of the object and record this as ho. The object is
2. Place the light source at the 0-cm mark of the optics bench and the
screen at the 90-cm mark. Place the converging lens between the
3. Start with the lens closer to the light source and then move the
lens until a sharp image source on the screen until a sharp image
the object distance and the image distance. Measure the image
height and record this as hi. Compute the focal length and the
magnification.
4. Move the lens closer to the screen until another sharp (and
distance and the image distance. Measure the image height and
record this as hi. Compute the focal length and the magnification.
5. Repeat procedures two (2) to four (4) for two more trials. Place the
screen at the 100-cm mark for trial two (2) and at the 110-cm mark
PART I
Image Screen s s’ f S s’ f
cm
cm
cm
Average focal length 19.52 Average focal 19.52 cm
cm length
Length of a Converging Lens, the group have used the first equation,
1 1 1
= + , or the thins lens equation. This equation was used to measure and
f s s'
compute the value of the focal length with the use of the values that we
the image that we have seen on the image screen was sharp and obvious.
The image would be inverted if the mirror is beyond its focal point and the
image is upright it its less than its focal point. We also used equation (1) to
The difference was just the image distance is greater than the object
distance. The same concept was used in this section on how we got the
focal point, the roles was just reversed. But in here we got a lower
image if the object is located greater than the focal length of the mirror and
is also inverted. And if the object is located less than the focal length then it
For the first position, we placed the image screen on three different
distances (90 cm, 100 cm and 110 cm). For the object distance, we gathered
the values 28.5 cm, 25.5 cm and 25.5 cm, respectively. Second, for the image
distance, we got the digits 61.5 cm, 73.5 cm and 84.5 cm, subsequently.
Lastly, the focal length values were gathered as 19.48 cm, 19.48 cm and
19.59 cm. The computed average focal length was 19.52 cm and comparing
Next for the second position, again, we placed the image screen on
three different distances (90 cm, 100 cm and 110 cm). For the object
distance, we gathered the values 61.5 cm, 73.5 cm and 84.5 cm, respectively.
Second, for the image distance, we got the digits 28.5 cm, 26.5 cm and 25.5
cm, subsequently. Lastly, the focal length values were gathered as 19.48
cm, 19.48 cm and 19.59 cm. The computed average focal length was 19.52
1. The farther the position of the image screen, the nearer the object
must be placed.
object distance.
3. The farther the position of the image screen, the farther the image
PART II
Screen
90 cm -2.16 2.0 8.0 %
100 cm -2.77 2.6 6.5 %
POSITION 1 110 cm -3.31 3.2 3.4 %
90 cm -0.46 0.5 8.0 %
100 cm -0.36 0.4 10.0 %
POSITION 2 110 cm -0.30 0.3 0%
Equation (2) it is the magnification equation which is used to
determine how large or small the object is magnified using s and s’. Same
observed that if the magnification is more than one (1) the image is larger
and vice versa for less than one. If the magnification is more than one
than the image is larger if it is less than one, then it is smaller than the
original.
images will be used to calculate its magnification of the lens. There are two
ways on how magnification can be calculated: The first one is you need to
identify the ratio between the object distance and image distance and the
original image on the light on its light source. Since we are dealing on an
equation that is ratios, we can say the magnification of the lens is directly
proportional to the height if the projected image and the image distance
data needed for this research. For the magnification of the object’s distance,
we got the values of -2.16, -2.77, -3.31, -0.46, -0.36 and -0.30. In contrast, we
got the values for the magnification of the object’s height, and they are the
difference of each and every value for magnification both for height and
distance. The percentage differences were gathered as: 8.0 %, 6.5 %, 3.4 %,
materials like lenses can refract parallel ray of light and can produce an
thicker. Focal length's relation to the object and the image is given by the
thin lens equation where focal length is the difference on product and sum
of the object and image distance from the lens. . There are two positions of
the lens where image formed is sharp, these positions are interchangeable
and are conjugate. The magnification of the lens is the ratio of the image
height and the object height and is also related to the distances of the object
and image from the lens. Furthermore, we were also able to determine the
focal length of the lens using different location of the object including an
infinity object and we were able to understand, with the help or out
lens to magnify things from afar or a very small particle. Without these
small compared to object and image distances and to the radii of curvature
spherical lens. Different types of lenses are there. The line joining the
axis of the lens. Different lenses have different applications. These lenses
are used in our contact lens, telescope, microscope even in our eye.