CBLM CORE Final

COMPETENCY BASED LEARNING MATERIAL
Sector : Agriculture and Fishery
Qualification : Horticulture NC III
Unit of Competency : Undertake Propagation Activities
Module Title : Propagate Plants
Date Developed: Document No.

August 13, 2018 Issued by:
Horticulture NC III Date Revised: Page 34 of 230
Undertake Propagation
Activities Developed by:
TESDA-PTC DIAZ, IAN REY B.
Revision # 00
References Further Rea din
Performance Criteria Checklist
O eration Task Job Sheet
Self Check Answer Ke
Self Check
Information Sheet
Learnin Ex eriences
Learning Outcome Summary
Module
Module Content
Content
Module
List of Com
Content
etencies
Module Content
Module Content
Front Pa e
In our efforts to standardize CBLM,
the above parts are recommended
for use in Competency Based
Training (CBT) in Technical
Education and Skills Development
Authority (TESDA) Technology
Institutions. The next sections will
show ou the com onents and

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HORTICULTURE NC III
COMPETENCY-BASED LEARNING MATERIALS
List of Competencies
No. Unit of Competency Module Title Code
1. Prepare landcrop
agricultural for Preparing land
agricultural for
crop AGR611310
production production
Implement post- AGR611311
2. harvest program Implement post-harvest
program
Implement plant Implementing plant AGR611312

3.
nutrition program nutrition program
4. Control weeds Controlling weeds AGR611313

AGR611314
Prepare and apply Preparing and applying
5.
chemicals chemicals
Establish horticultural Establishing AGR611315

6.
crops horticultural crops
Coordinate Coordinating
7. horticultural horticultural AGR611316
maintenance program maintenance program
Coordinate Coordinating
8. horticultural crop horticultural crop AGR611317
harvesting harvesting
AGR611318
Undertake field Undertaking field
9.
budding and grafting budding and grafting
Undertake AGR611319
Undertaking
10. propagation
propagation activities
activities

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MODULE CONTENT
UNIT OF COMPETENCY Undertake propagation activities
MODULE TITLE Undertaking propagation activities
MODULE DESCRIPTOR: This unit covers the skills, knowledge and

attitude required for plant propagation in
enterprises involved in nursery operations
and crop production. Competency is
demonstrated by the application of knowledge
and skills to a range of propagation tasks,
such as preparing parent plant stock,
collecting propagation materials, pre-planting
treatments and basic plant propagation
techniques. This unit does not include
budding and grafting. The work is carried out
within routine methods and procedures
under supervision with intermittent checking.
Responsibility for some roles and
coordination within a team may be required.
NOMINAL DURATION: 32 hours
LEARNING OUTCOMES:
At the end of this module you MUST be able to:
1. Prepare for plant propagation
2. Propagate plants
3. Complete Propagation activities
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
1. Workplace information is interpreted and clarified according to farm
work plan and manual.

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2. OHS hazard in the work area are identified, rectified and/or reported
according to OHS requirements and standard reporting guidelines.
3. Appropriate tools and equipment, including PPE are selected and
prepared according to species requirements, crop manuals and OHS
requirements.
4. Propagation material is collected, maintained and stored as needed,
according to species requirements and crop manuals.
5. Pre-treatment is applied and/or carried out according to standard
propagation method and species requirements.
6. Propagation techniques are carried out according to species
requirements and OHS requirements.
7. Propagation material is handled properly according to species
requirements.
8. Water and nutrients are applied according to media conditions, plant
requirements and propagation techniques.
9. Labels are applied according to farm work procedures.
10. Plant health is monitored and remedial action is taken according to
species requirements and farm work procedures.
11. Records are completed accurately and at the required time according
to standard recording system.
12. Tools and equipment are cleaned and stored according to
manufacturers’ specifications and manuals.
13. Waste is removed and hygiene practices are followed according to
OHS requirements and environmental regulations.

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LEARNING OUTCOME NO. 2
PROPAGATE PLANTS
Assessment Criteria
1. Pre-treatment is applied and/or carried out according to standard

propagation method and species requirements.
2. Propagation techniques are carried out according to species
requirements and OHS requirements.
3. Propagation material is handled properly according to species
requirements.
4. Water and nutrients are applied according to media conditions, plant
requirements and propagation techniques.
5. Labels are applied according to farm work procedures.
6. Plant health is monitored and remedial action is taken according to
species requirements and farm work procedures.
Contents:
1. Pre-treatment procedures for a range of propagation methods and

species
2. Propagation techniques according to species requirements
3. Proper handling of propagation materials
4. Labelling of propagation materials
5. Water and nutrient applications
6. Common problems in plant propagation
7. Plant health monitoring and appropriate corrective actions
8. OHS legislative requirements and procedures
Conditions
The participants will have access to:
 Workplace with commercial propagation facilities

 Tools and equipment – germination box, seedling tray, shovel, dibble,
cleaning tools, cooking vat
 PPE
 Supplies and materials – seeds, seedlings, seedling trays, fungicide,
match, firewood, planting medium, cardboard, marking pen, pre-
treatment materials, seedling pots, rag
 Storage facilities
 Enterprise procedures.

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Information Sheet 10.2-1
PRE TREATMENT PROCEDURES FOR A RANGE OF

PROPAGATION METHODS AND SPECIES
Learning Objectives:
After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to:
1. Define Pre-treatment in propagation of plants

2. Identify pre-treatment procedures of seeds in seeding propagation
activity
Scientific propagation is one of the tools for expansion of area under

cultivation for many annual and perennial plant species. The propagation
techniques help for conservation of plants besides multiplication. Seed
conservation is one of the best strategies for conservation of plant diversity.
The ability of seeds to germinate or remain dormant depends upon a set of
internal and external environmental factors that determines the likelihood
and survival of a species (Sharma et al., 2009; Mathew et al., 2011).
What is Pre-treatment?
A pretreatmentis something which is applied to a seed or other

propagation materials in order to make a process or stage more effective.
Seed Pre-treatment Procedures

In order to be successfully treated seeds must be moist. Seeds that
are placed into treatment immediately following extraction will require no
further processing. Seeds that have been stored for any length of time will
require soaking in water for 24-48 hours. Soaking dried seeds performs two
functions. Firstly, the seeds take up water and, secondly, some of the
germination inhibitors in the seed coat are removed.
Overcoming dormancy
Relatively simple and effective methods exist to overcome the
dormancy of our tree and shrub seeds. The most common requirements are
exposure to periods of warmth and/or cold. The simplest method of

Revision # 00
providing these conditions is to place the seeds outdoors, mixed with a
moisture retentive and aerated medium (usually a sand/compost mixture).
Stratification
Stratification is a common requirement which means the seed needs
to go through one or more temperature changes to initiate germination.
Generally, a warm period is house temperature or 20 – 25 deg C (70

deg F) and a cold temperature is 5 – 10 deg C (40 deg F). Some seed likes to
undergo freezing temperatures and then the best pre-treatment is to put
them outside in winter so they experience freeze – thaw cycles.
Stratification can be done with dry seed, or moist seed, but the term
almost always refers to moist seed. Unless the instructions specifically say
‘dry stratification’, assume it is to be done moist. That means storing dry
seed in the fridge does NOT normally qualify as stratification.
Seeds of alder and birch can be stratified ‘naked’ (i.e. without the
medium). The seeds are placed in cotton bags and soaked in cold water for
48 hours. After a superficial drying, they are placed in polythene bags,
which are loosely tied and placed into the fridge for four to eight weeks.
Hot-water treatment
For broom and gorse seeds a slightly different approach is needed. The
procedure is not complicated, but a little unusual. The seeds will have been
collected and stored dry. Just before sowing, the seeds are placed in a
heatproof container and two or three times their volume of boiling water is
carefully poured over them. They are left in the cooling water for another 24
hours. They are then ready for sowing.
Scarification
Scarification is any process that weakens or damages a hard seed coat so
that it is easier for water to enter the seed. This can be done with sand
paper, a nail file, a triangular file, nail clippers, hot water or even acids.
Non-dormant seeds (requiring no treatment)

Both of our oak species fall into this category. The main problem with
these seeds is not how to break their dormancy, but how to stop them from
germinating before you want them to! The best thing to do with these seeds

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is to sow them as soon as possible after collection (preferably immediately)
and then to let nature take its course.
GA3 Hormone Treatment

As seeds come out of dormancy the relative amounts of certain
hormones inside the seed change. It is quite common to see the level of GA3
(gibberellic acid) increase just before germination.
In some cases adding GA3 to the seed will speed up germination. In
other cases adding GA3 can speed up the development of the shoot.

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Propagating Plants Safely
There are some dangers associated with propagating plants. It is
important that you be aware of potential dangers so you can avoid getting
injured or sick.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) will help protect you from serious
injury, but no amount of PPE will protect you from bad workplace actions.
Always follow workplace guideline and your trainer’s directions.
Some of the things you can do to keep yourself safe include:
1. Wear thick gardening or rubber gloves.

2. Wear appropriate clothes for outdoors and in wet weather wear
waterproof clothing.
3. Wear protective footwear at all times, in some situations you may need
rubber boots.
4. Wear a hard hat if collecting seeds and propagation material from
trees.
5. Watch out for snakes, spiders, wasps, and other insects when
collecting propagating material.
6. Keep safe distances away from other workers around hand tools.
7. Learn how to maintain and use hand tools correctly to avoid injury.
8. Always lift heavy objects correctly to avoid injuring your back.
9. Know where your first aid and kit is stored and make sure someone
has a first aid certificate.

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Self - Check 10.2-2
Multiple choice: Read the following items carefully. Choose the best
answer from the following choices. Write only the letter of your answer
on the space provided before the number.
_____1. Which of the following methods of propagating a fruit tree from an

existing one, which will bear fruits sooner, and the fruits will taste same as
the mother-plant?
A. Cuttings
B. Seeding
C. Air-layering or marcotting
D. Budding
______2. Which of the following is the second step in performing cuttings as

your chosen Lemon tree propagation method?
A. Apply rooting hormone to the base of the cutting, tapping off
excess. Plant the cutting in a sterile growing medium or potting soil. Use a
pencil, chopstick or other device to poke the hole into which the cutting is
placed.
B. Place the potted cutting in a sealed plastic bag to keep the
humidity high. Fastest growth will be achieved in stable temperatures
between 70 and 80 degrees Fahrenheit, or with the application of bottom
heat
C. Take stem cuttings of 6 to 8 inches from new green growth.
Remove all but the top two leaves.
D. Look into susceptible parent material to be used as scion or root
stock.
_______3. Which of the following is the last step in seeding?

A. Water the soil when you see it become dry.
B. Fill the pot with soil.
C. Remove the plastic covering once the sprout appears and
transfer the pot to a warm, sunny location
D. Choose a small pot with drainage holes.
_______4. What is the first step in propagating plant through marcotting or
air layering?
A. A good sign that it is working is the new growth under the
propagated area.
B. Scrape the branch in a downwards motion using the edge of
the knife. Make sure you go all the way around the branch.

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C. Fill the food bag with the coconut coir then add water. Close
the top of the bag with a small cable tie.
D. Choose a branch that is appropriate to make a cutting at

about the same with pencil size.
______5. To propagate plants safely, the following must be undertaken,

EXCEPT;
A. Wear appropriate clothes for outdoors and in wet weather wear
waterproof clothing.
B. Wear a hard hat if collecting seeds and propagation material from

trees.
C. Keep safe distances away from other workers around hand tools.
D. You can handle the tools and equipment without care.

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ANSWER KEY 10.2-2
1. C
2. A
3. C
4. D
5. D

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TASK SHEET 10.2-2
Title: Scraping the bark of Lemon tree
Performance Objective: Given the lemon tree and materials, you should
be able to scrape the branch of the propagating
plant following the procedure in Air-layering.
Duration : 10 minutes
Supplies/Materials : CBLM, Sharp knife or cutter
Steps/Procedure:
1. In the morning, at around 9 am, is the best time, providing there has
been no rain.
2. Select a good branch, about finger thick (pencil size) and near
vertical.
3. Remove a ring of bark 30 to 50 cm long from a position 400-600 mm

from the tip of the branch. The cut must be deep enough to get through
the cambium layer. Scrape the branch well to remove the soft material.
Assessment Method: Demonstration

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Performance Criteria Checklist 10.2-1
CRITERIA
YES NO
Did you….
1. Wear complete PPE?
2. Select branch that is finger or pencil in size?
3. Remove ring bark of the branch?
4. Locate accurately the required measurement from
the tip of the branch to the point of a removed ring
bark?
5. Remove soft material of the branch?
6. Slowly scrape the soft material attached after bark
layer.

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2. Wash machine with warm soapy water. Do not use pressure washers
3. If machine must be left outside, it is suggested that you cover it with a
tarp or waterproof cover. 4. Do not drive machine through more than
4" of water - never submerge drive system or battery box.
5. Drive system is lubricated for life, so no maintenance is required for drive
system
6. Keep tires inflated to 20 to 25 PSI.
7. ALWAYS KEEP BATTERIES ON CHARGE
ASSESSMENT METHOD:
Hands on operation

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OPERATIONAL CRITERIA CHECKLIST 2.1-3
CRITERIA YES NO
Did you…
1. Check all the EWB equipment if all components are
properly secured?
2. Properly Start-up the equipment?
3. Properly operate the equipment following set of
procedures?
4. Properly turn off the equipment?
5. Properly Unplugged the battery after using?
6. Wear PPE before operation?

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Labelling of Propagation Materials
1. Determine the necessary information in labeling plants
2. Identify quality requirements for plant propagation materials
PLANT LABEL
So-called labels are used on garden plant propagation material offered
for retail sale. In retail sales, the label replaces the plant passport and
provides retail customers with key information on the plant in question.
A label can be a tag, slat, sticker etc. attached to the plant, indicating
the following:
 Plant name in Finnish or Swedish

 The scientific name of the plant
 The variety or plant category
 The country of srcin
 The name of the seller or grower
Separate labels attached to each plant are required from arborescent

ornamental plants, fruit and berry plants, perennials, perennial flower
bulbs, tubers etc. as well as vegetable plant propagation material. A shared
label announcing the plant’s name will suffice for greenery, potted plants,
plants used in groups and flower bulbs.
QUALITY REQUIREMENTS FOR PLANT PROPAGATION MATERIAL

Plant propagation material sold both for professional further cultivation
and to consumers must meet the quality requirements set in the Plant
Propagation Material Act. These requirements are as follows:
 The lot must be of uniform quality and typical of the plant species and
variety.

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year-old trees at a rate of about 1/2-pound annually; older trees benefit
from a higher application rate. Foliar application of some nutrients is a
viable supplement to soil application and is particularly useful when quick
relief is necessary or during periods of prolonged soil wetness or dryness.
Water Requirements and applications
With ground-planted citrus trees, watering should happen about once

a week, whether from rainfall or manually. Be sure the area has excellent
drainage and that you soak the ground deeply at each watering. If the
drainage is poor, the tree will get too much water. If the tree is not watered
deeply, it will not have enough water for the week.
With container planted citrus trees, watering should be done as soon

as the soil dries out or is only slightly damp. Again, be sure that the
drainage for the container is excellent. Citrus tree watering should be done
evenly. Never let a citrus tree dry out completely for more than a day.
If a citrus tree is allowed to dry out for more than a day, you won’t see
the damage until you water it again, which may cause confusion. A citrus
tree that has been left dry will lose leaves when watered. The longer the
citrus tree is left in dry soil, the more leaves it will lose when you water it.
This is confusing because most plants lose leaves when they dry out. Citrus
trees lose leaves after you water them once they have dried out.
If your citrus tree is getting too much water, meaning that the
drainage is poor, the leaves will yellow and then fall off.
Growing media conditions

As with most containers gardening, using native soil is not
recommended. Native soils are often too heavy for the container. A good
home-made growing media mix for Citrus would be: 4 parts shredded aged
pine bark and 1 part peat moss or coir (cocoa fiber). These mixtures ensure
high organic matter and good drainage, or buy a well-drained potting mix. If
coir is used in the potting media, an application of agricultural gypsum
(calcium sulfate) will be replace the heavy sodium ions with calcium ion, and
help flush out other toxins that often are found in coir.
Soil Composition
Although lemon trees can grow in nearly any soil with good drainage,
they grow best in loamy or sandy loam soils. Trees planted in salty, heavy
clay and high caliche soils suffer problematic and declined growth. Lemons

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also prefer soil pH levels between 5.5 and 6.5. Apply lime to increase the pH
or sulfur to decrease it.
Planting Location
Mature lemon trees planted in well-draining areas typically have
spreads ranging from 10 to 15 feet, while those planted in heavy soils don't
grow quite as large. Space your tree at least 12 feet away from buildings and
other trees so it can get plenty of sun. Lemons need full sun for optimal
growth and fruit production. Citrus trees are quite sensitive to cold, so plant
lemons on the south of southeast side of your home in a spot that also offers
some protection from the wind.
Soil Moisture
Lemons grow best in soils that are moist but not soggy. Water your
tree every seven to 10 days during the summer, providing it with 4 to 6
inches of water each month. Allow the soil around mature trees to partially
dry between watering. Overwatered lemon trees may suffer from crown and
root rots, while those not watered enough frequently shed blossoms and
don't produce as much fruit.
Propagation Methods
Seeding, air-layering or marcotting, grafting, budding, and cutting are
the common propagation methods utilized in growing citrus tree.

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Self - Check 10.2-5
Matching Type: Match Column A with Column B. Write only the letter of
your answer on the space provided before the number.
Column A Column B
____ 1. Mature lemon trees need to A. Fertilizer Application

plant in well-drained areas, wide
space, and direct exposure to B. Water Requirements and
sunlight. applications
_____2. Lemons grow best in soils C. Micronutrients

that are moist but not soggy.
D. Planting Location
_____3. With container planted citrus
trees, watering should be done as
soon as the soil dries out or is only E. Soil Moisture
slightly damp.
F. Nutritional Requirements
______4. Potassium and calcium are G. Soil Composition
used in relatively great amounts by
citrus to produce leaves, flowers and
fruits.
______5. A leaf analysis or soil test

before planting citrus is the most
reliable way to determine whether
any nutrients are unavailable in a
sufficient quantity and which
fertilizer can correct deficiencies.

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ANSWER KEY 10.2-5
1. D
2. E
3. B
4. F
5. A

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Common problems in plant propagation
1. Identify common problems associated in Citrus Tree propagation
In propagating plants, there are unprecedented circumstances that we

could not be avoided due to uncontrolled working environment. There are
existing problems that may have a huge damage to our crops if left
unresolved. It is necessary to look into the real causes of the following
problems before taking any appropriate alternative measures. Hence,
common problems in propagating Citrus plants are as follows;
COMMON PROBLEMS IN CITRUS

Backyard trees should be laden with fruit now but wintry conditions
can be a challenge for these subtropical trees. Here are the most common
citrus problems and the solution that could well save your crop.
1. CITRUS RUST MITES
The skin of your lime or lemon is

spotty or rusty looking. The mites
thrive in hot, dry weather.
These tiny eight-legged invertebrates
scrape the outer surface of the skin of
citrus fruit. The damage is often
around the stalk. As the fruit matures
and gets larger, the damage looks
worse. The juice inside is fine to use
but the skin becomes useless for
zesting.
Solution:Avoid the use of broad-spectrum pesticides as the mites are

usually kept in check by beneficial insects. All-purpose spraying oil will
suppress the mite population enough to reduce the damage.

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ANSWER KEY 10.2-8
1. Personal protective clothing

2. Respirators,
3. Overalls
4. Boots,
5. Gloves
6. Sun hat
7. Sunscreen lotion
Note: Other Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) will still be considered

for as long as necessary in undertaking propagation activities.

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REFERENCES
https://www.scribd.com/doc/27919441/Code-of-Ethics-for-Professional-
Teachers
http://www.ncpublicschools.org/docs/curriculum/bpractices2.pdf
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enPH757PH757&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiph4mT0_7c
AhXIQI8KHcemBzkQ_AUICigB&biw=1366&bih=662#imgr
https://www.google.com/search?biw=1366&bih=662&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=s
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j0i24k1.0.pjIM8KKJFQI#imgrc=Lz2_VB9Hu2w1QM:
https://muse.jhu.edu/article/527667/pdf
Global Colloquium of University Presidents (2005) reproduced in accordance
with NOU 2006:19 on academic freedom, p. 12
http://blog.edmentum.com/marzano-13-teaching-best-practices
https://www.scribd.com/doc/27919441/Code-of-Ethics-for-Professional-
Teachers
http://u15.ca/what-we-are-thinking/what-academic-freedom-and-why-it-
important
Reagents of the University of California v. Bakke, 438 U.S. 265, 312. 1978.
Public Administration Act 2004, s. 7
http://ijrmbs.com/vol2issue1/calixto.pdf
Mayer, E., Key Competencies, Report of the committe to advise the AEC and
MOVEET on employement-related Key Competencies for post compulsory
education and training. 1992, Canberra: Australian Government Publishing
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Collins, C., Curriculum Stocktake. 1995, Canberra: Australian College of

Education.

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Crittenden, B., Liberal and vocational education: convergence or confusion?,
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Hyland, T., Silk purses and sows' ears: NVQs, GNVQs and experiential
learning. Cambridge Journal of Education, 1994. 24(2): p. 233 - 343.
Boughton, D., Evaluation and Assessment in Visual Arts Education. 1994,

Geelong: Deakin University.
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Schools,. 1994, Carlton, Victoria: .
McCurry, D. and J. Bryce, The School Based Key Competencies Levels

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2

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Date Developed:
August 13, 2018 Document
Issued by: No.
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COMPETENCY BASED LEARNING MATERIAL

Sector : Agriculture and Fishery

Qualification : Horticulture NC III

Unit of Competency : Undertake Propagation Activities

Module Title : Propagate Plants

Date Developed: Document No.

Self Check Answer Ke

Date Developed: Document No.

No. Unit of Competency Module Title Code

Implement plant Implementing plant AGR611312

4. Control weeds Controlling weeds AGR611313

Establish horticultural Establishing AGR611315

Date Developed: Document No.

UNIT OF COMPETENCY Undertake propagation activities

MODULE TITLE Undertaking propagation activities

MODULE DESCRIPTOR: This unit covers the skills, knowledge and

NOMINAL DURATION: 32 hours

Date Developed: Document No.

Date Developed: Document No.

1. Pre-treatment is applied and/or carried out according to standard

1. Pre-treatment procedures for a range of propagation methods and

The participants will have access to:

 Workplace with commercial propagation facilities

Date Developed: Document No.

PRE TREATMENT PROCEDURES FOR A RANGE OF

1. Define Pre-treatment in propagation of plants

Scientific propagation is one of the tools for expansion of area under

A pretreatmentis something which is applied to a seed or other

Seed Pre-treatment Procedures

Date Developed: Document No.

Generally, a warm period is house temperature or 20 – 25 deg C (70

Non-dormant seeds (requiring no treatment)

Date Developed: Document No.

GA3 Hormone Treatment

Date Developed: Document No.

Some of the things you can do to keep yourself safe include:

1. Wear thick gardening or rubber gloves.

Date Developed: Document No.

_____1. Which of the following methods of propagating a fruit tree from an

______2. Which of the following is the second step in performing cuttings as

_______3. Which of the following is the last step in seeding?

Date Developed: Document No.

D. Choose a branch that is appropriate to make a cutting at

______5. To propagate plants safely, the following must be undertaken,

B. Wear a hard hat if collecting seeds and propagation material from

D. You can handle the tools and equipment without care.

Date Developed: Document No.

Date Developed: Document No.

Title: Scraping the bark of Lemon tree

Supplies/Materials : CBLM, Sharp knife or cutter

3. Remove a ring of bark 30 to 50 cm long from a position 400-600 mm

Assessment Method: Demonstration

Date Developed: Document No.

Date Developed: Document No.

Date Developed: Document No.

Date Developed: Document No.

Labelling of Propagation Materials

2. Identify quality requirements for plant propagation materials

 Plant name in Finnish or Swedish

Separate labels attached to each plant are required from arborescent