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Nonreinforced Concrete Sewer, Storm Drain, and Culvert Pipe (Metric)

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Designation: C14M − 11

Standard Specification for


Nonreinforced Concrete Sewer, Storm Drain, and Culvert
Pipe (Metric)1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C14M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.

1. Scope C1116 Specification for Fiber-Reinforced Concrete and


1.1 This specification covers nonreinforced concrete pipe Shotcrete
intended to be used for the conveyance of sewage, industrial
3. Terminology
wastes, storm water, and for the construction of culverts.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard—For
1.2 This specification is the metric counterpart of Specifi-
definitions of terms relating to concrete pipe, see Terminology
cation C14.
C822.
NOTE 1—This specification is a manufacturing and purchase specifica-
tion only and does not include requirements for bedding, backfill, or the 4. Classification
relationship between field load condition and the strength classification of
pipe. However, experience has shown that the successful performance of 4.1 Pipe manufactured according to this specification shall
this product depends upon the proper selection of the class of pipe, type be of three classes identified as “Class 1 Nonreinforced
of bedding and backfill, and care that the installation conforms to the Concrete Pipe,” “Class 2 Nonreinforced Concrete Pipe,” and
construction specifications. The owner is cautioned that he must correlate “Class 3 Nonreinforced Concrete Pipe.” The corresponding
the field requirements with the class of pipe specified and provide for or
require inspection at the construction site.
strength requirements are prescribed in Table 1.

2. Referenced Documents 5. Basis of Acceptance


2
2.1 ASTM Standards: 5.1 The acceptability of the pipe shall be determined by the
C33 Specification for Concrete Aggregates results of the test prescribed in this section, when required, and
C150 Specification for Portland Cement by inspection to determine whether the pipe conforms to this
C309 Specification for Liquid Membrane-Forming Com- specification as to design and freedom from defects.
pounds for Curing Concrete 5.2 Acceptance as to Strength Properties—Pipe shall be
C443M Specification for Joints for Concrete Pipe and Man- acceptable under the strength tests when they have met the
holes, Using Rubber Gaskets (Metric) requirements as prescribed in 10.3.
C497M Test Methods for Concrete Pipe, Manhole Sections,
or Tile [Metric] 5.3 Acceptance as to Absorption Properties—Pipe shall be
C595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements acceptable under the absorption test when they have met the
C618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined requirements as prescribed in 10.4.
Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete 5.4 Acceptance as to Permeability Properties—Pipe shall be
C822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and Related acceptable under the permeability test when they have met the
Products requirements as prescribed in 10.5.
C989 Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Concrete and
NOTE 2—Prior to purchase, the owner has the option to specify the
Mortars hydrostatic test prescribed in 10.6 instead of the permeability test.

1
5.5 Acceptance as to Hydrostatic Properties—Pipe shall be
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 on
Concrete Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.01 on acceptable under the hydrostatic test when they have met the
Non-Reinforced Concrete Sewer, Drain and Irrigation Pipe. requirements as prescribed in 10.6.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2011. Published October 2011. Originally
approved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as C14M – 07. DOI: 6. Materials
10.1520/C0014M-11.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or 6.1 Concrete—The concrete shall consist of cementitious
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM materials, mineral aggregates, and water.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. 6.2 Cementitious Materials:

Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States

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C14M − 11
TABLE 1 Physical and Dimensional Requirements for Nonreinforced Concrete PipeA
Class 1 Class 2 Class 3
Internal Designated Minimum Minimum Three-Edge Minimum Minimum Three-Edge Minimum Minimum Three-Edge
Diameter, mm Thickness of Wall, Bearing Strength, kN/ Thickness of Wall, Bearing Strength, kN/ Thickness of Wall, Bearing Strength, kN/
mm linear m mm linear m mm linear m
100 16 22.0 19 29.0 19 35.0
150 16 22.0 19 29.0 22 35.0
200 19 22.0 22 29.0 29 35.0
250 22 23.5 25 29.0 32 35.0
300 25 26.5 35 33.0 44 38.0
375 32 29.0 41 38.0 47 42.0
450 38 32.0 50 44.0 57 48.0
525 44 35.0 57 48.0 69 56.0
600 54 38.0 75 52.5 85 64.0
675 82 41.0 94 57.5 94 67.0
750 88 44.0 107 63.0 107 69.5
825 94 46.0 113 64.0 113 71.0
900 100 48.0 119 65.5 119 73.0
A
Subject to tolerance in Section 11.

6.2.1 Cement—Cement shall conform to the requirements the value shown, except as affected by the tolerance herein
for portland cement of Specification C150 or shall be portland specified and by the provision for modified design.
blast-furnace slag cement, or slag modified portland cement, or 7.2 Modified or Special Design—Manufacturers shall sub-
portland-pozzolan cement conforming to the requirements of mit to the owner for approval, prior to manufacture, wall
Specification C595, except that the pozzolan constitutient in thicknesses other than those shown in Table 1. Such pipe shall
the Type IP portland-pozzolan cement shall be fly ash. meet all of the physical requirements listed in Section 10 that
6.2.2 Fly Ash—Fly ash shall conform to the requirements of are specified by the owner.
Specification C618, Class F or Class C.
6.2.3 Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS)— 8. Joints
GGBFS shall conform to the requirements of Grade 100 or 120
of Specification C989. 8.1 The joints shall be of such design and the ends of the
6.2.4 Allowable Combinations of Cementitious Materials— concrete pipe sections so formed, that the pipe can be laid
The combination of cementitious materials used in the concrete together to make a continuous line of pipe compatible with the
shall be one of the following: permissible variations given in Section 11.
6.2.4.1 Portland cement only,
6.2.4.2 Portland blast furnace slag cement only, 9. Manufacture
6.2.4.3 Slag modified portland cement only, 9.1 Mixture—The aggregates shall be sized, graded, propor-
6.2.4.4 Portland pozzolan cement only, tioned, and mixed with such proportions of cementitious
6.2.4.5 A combination of portland cement and fly ash, materials and water as will produce a homogeneous concrete
6.2.4.6 A combination of portland cement and ground mixture of such quality that the pipe will conform to the test
granulated blast-furnace slag, or and design requirements of this specification. All concrete shall
6.2.4.7 A combination of portland cement, fly ash (not to have a water-cementitious materials ratio not exceeding 0.53
exceed 25 % of the total cementitious weight) and ground by weight. Cementitious materials shall be as specified in 6.2
granulated blast furnace slag (not to exceed 25 % of the total and shall be added to the mix in a proportion not less than 280
cementitious weight). kg/m3 unless mix designs with a lower cementitious materials
6.3 Aggregates—Aggregates shall conform to Specification content demonstrate that the quality and performance of the
C33, except that the requirement for gradation shall not apply. pipe meet the requirements of this specification.

6.4 Admixtures and Blends—Owner is not prohibited from 9.2 Curing—Pipe shall be subjected to any one of the
obtaining the record of mix design used. methods of curing described in 9.2.1 through 9.2.4 or to any
other method or combination of methods approved by the
6.5 Synthetic Fibers—Collated fibrillated virgin polypropyl- owner that will give satisfactory results. The pipe shall be
ene fibers are permitted in concrete pipe as a nonstructural adequately cured to obtain the strength properties as prescribed
manufacturing material. Only Type III synthetic fibers de- in 5.2.
signed and manufactured specifically for use in concrete and 9.2.1 Steam Curing—Pipe shall be placed in a curing
conforming to the requirements of Specification C1116 shall be chamber, free from outside drafts, and cured in a moist
accepted. atmosphere maintained by the injection of steam for such time
and such temperature as needed to enable the pipe to meet the
7. Design strength requirements. The curing chamber shall be so con-
7.1 Design Tables—Design requirements shall be in accor- structed as to allow full circulation of steam around the entire
dance with Table 1. Wall thickness used shall be not less than pipe.

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C14M − 11
9.2.2 Water Curing—Concrete pipe shall be water-cured by for each pipe that failed, and the pipe shall be acceptable only
covering with water-saturated material or by a system of when all of these additional test pipe meet the strength
perforated pipes, mechanical sprinklers, porous hose, or by any requirement.
other approved method that will keep the pipe moist during the 10.4 Absorption Requirement—When required by the
specified curing period. owner, an absorption test shall be performed by either Test
9.2.3 The manufacturer is not prohibited from combining Method A or Test Method B in accordance with Test Methods
the methods described in 9.2.1 and 9.2.2 provided the specified C497M for the boiling absorption test. Absorption shall not
strength is attained. exceed 9 % for Test Method A or 8.5 % for Test Method B. The
9.2.4 Membrane Curing—A sealing membrane conforming individual results of the various tests for each size of pipe and
to the requirements of Specification C309 is not prohibited for each shipment and plant shall be tabulated separately. All
from being applied and left intact until the specified strength tests shall be made in accordance with Test Methods C497M.
requirements are met. The concrete at the time of application The number of absorption test specimens shall be equal to the
shall be within 6°C of the atmospheric temperature. All number of pipe provided for crushing strength testing. These
surfaces shall be kept moist prior to the application of the specimens shall be obtained from pipe that are acceptable as to
compounds and shall be damp when the compound is applied. strength, and shall be taken from pipe used in making the
strength test after the test is made. These specimens shall be
9.3 Specials: marked with the number or identification mark of the pipe from
9.3.1 General Requirements—Special shapes or fittings which they were taken. Each Test Method A specimen shall
such as wyes, tees, bends, and adapters for use with concrete have an area of 77 to 129 cm2, as measured on one surface of
pipe conforming to this specification shall conform to the the pipe, and a thickness equal to the pipe wall, and shall be
applicable requirements for concrete pipe of corresponding free of visible cracks. Pipe shall be acceptable when all test
class and internal diameter. Joints shall be compatible with pipe conform to the specified absorption requirements.
those used in adjoining concrete pipes.
10.5 Permeability Requirement—When subjected to the per-
9.3.2 Fabricated Branches—Fabricated branches for wyes meability test, as specified in Test Methods C497M, the outer
and tees shall be securely attached to the wall of the pipe in pipe surface of not less than 80 % of the pipe tested shall show
such a manner as not to restrict or otherwise interfere with the no moist or damp spots at the end of the test period due to
flow characteristics of the pipe. water passing through the walls of the pipe.
10.6 Hydrostatic Requirement—When subjected to the hy-
10. Physical Requirements
drostatic test, as described in Test Methods C497M, the pipe
10.1 Test Specimen—The specified number of pipe required shall show no leakage during 10 min at 70 kPa. Moisture
for the tests shall be furnished by the manufacturer and shall be appearing on the surface of the pipe in the form of patches or
selected at random by the owner, and shall be pipe that would beads adhering to the surface shall not be considered leakage.
not otherwise be rejected under this specification. The selection The test pipe shall be filled with water and held under 70 kPa
shall be made at the point or points designated by the owner pressure for 24 h prior to the test, except that the manufacturer
when placing the order. The test pipe shall first be freed from is not prohibited from reducing this presoak time or pressure,
all visible moisture. When dry, each pipe shall be measured and or both. The manufacturer is not prohibited from continuing
inspected. The results of these observations shall be recorded. this test up to 24 h, and the pipe will be considered to have
passed when, during any 10-min period, no leakage is ob-
10.2 Number and Type of Test Specimens Required—The
served. When the hydrostatic requirement is used for accep-
manufacturer or seller shall furnish pipe for crushing and
tance of the pipe joint as specified in Section 10 of Specifica-
absorption tests, up to 0.5 % of the number of pipe of each size
tion C443M, it is not prohibited to use the same joint test runs
included in the order, except that in no case shall less than two
as the basis of acceptance for pipe hydrostatic requirements in
pipe be furnished. For the permeability test, 2 % of the number
accordance with 5.5 and 10.6 of this specification.
of pipe of each size included in the order, but in no case less
than two pipe shall be furnished. For the hydrostatic test, 0.5 % 10.7 Retest—Should more than 20 % of the samples fail to
of the number of pipe of each size included in the order, but in meet the specified requirements for the permeability or not
no case less than two pipe shall be furnished. more than 20 % of the samples fail to meet the specified
requirement for absorption or hydrostatic requirements of this
10.3 External Load Crushing Requirement—The crushing section, it is not prohibited for the manufacturer to cull his
strength of nonreinforced concrete pipe shall conform to the stock and may eliminate whatever any of pipe and must so
requirements prescribed in Table 1. The individual results of mark those pipe that will not be shipped. The required tests
the various tests for each size of pipe and for each shipment shall be made on the balance of the order and they are
and plant shall be tabulated separately. The crushing strength acceptable if they conform to the specified requirements. If the
shall ordinarily be applied to not less than 75 % of the pipe second sample fails to meet the specified requirements, the
received for purpose of test. All tests shall be made in whole lot is subject to rejection.
accordance with Test Method C497M. Pipe shall be acceptable
when all test pipe conform to the specified requirement. Should 11. Dimensions and Permissible Variations
any of the test pipe provided in 10.2 fail to meet the strength 11.1 Sizes and Dimensions—Pipe shall be furnished of the
requirement, the manufacturer will be allowed to test two pipe sizes, internal diameters, and dimensions prescribed in Table 1.

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C14M − 11
11.2 Permissible Variations in Dimensions—Permissible 12. Repairs
variations in dimensions shall be limited to the following: 12.1 Pipe repaired because of imperfections in manufacture
11.2.1 Internal Diameter—See Table 2. At the manufactur- or damage during handling are acceptable if, in the opinion of
er’s option, the internal diameter shall be one of two alterna- the owner, the repaired pipe conforms to the requirements of
tives, the Designated Diameter or the Converted English this specification.
Diameter. Pipe sections that are intended to be jointed to each
other shall be furnished with the same internal diameter 13. Inspection
alternative. The internal diameter of pipe manufactured to the 13.1 The quality of all materials and the finished pipe shall
Designated Diameters shall vary from the Designated Diameter be subject to inspection and approval by the owner. Such
not more than 65 mm for 300 mm pipe and smaller, 67 mm inspection shall be performed either at the point of manufacture
for 375 mm to 450 mm pipe, 68 mm for 525 mm pipe, and or delivery, or both. The method of marking as to acceptance or
610 mm for 600 mm pipe and larger. The internal diameter of rejection of pipe shall be agreed upon, prior to inspection,
pipe manufactured to the Converted English Diameters shall between the owner and the manufacturer. Rejected pipe shall
vary from the Converted English Diameter not more than 65 be replaced by the manufacturer with pipe that meets the
mm for 305 mm pipe and smaller, 67 mm for 381 mm to 457 requirements of this specification.
mm pipe, 68 mm for 533 mm pipe, and 610 mm for 610 mm
pipe and larger. For pipe manufactured to Converted English 14. Rejection
Diameters, the corresponding Designated Diameter shown in 14.1 Pipe shall be subject to rejection on account of failure
Table 2 shall apply for all other requirements of this specifi- to conform to any of the specification requirements. This
cation. specification is a manufacturing and purchase specification
11.2.2 Thickness of Wall—The wall thickness shall be not only. Therefore, damage to pipe during installation or caused
less than the values shown in Table 1 or the manufacturer’s by field loading in the installed condition shall not be cause for
designated thickness if greater than shown in Table 1 by more rejection on the basis of not meeting this specification. Indi-
than 2 mm for pipe 250 mm or less in diameter; by more than vidual sections of pipe are subject to rejection because of any
3 mm for pipe 300 to 600 mm in diameter; and by more than of the following:
5 mm for pipe more than 600 mm in diameter; or by more than 14.1.1 Fractures or cracks passing through the wall or joints,
5 % of the tabulated or designated wall thickness, whichever is except that a single crack not exceeding 50 mm in length at
greater. Localized variations in wall thickness exceeding those either end of a pipe or a single fracture or spall in the joints not
specified above shall be accepted if the physical test require- exceeding 75 mm around the circumference of the pipe nor 50
ments specified herein are met. mm in length into joint shall not be considered cause for
11.2.3 Length—The length of any section of pipe shall vary rejection unless these defects exist in more than 5 % of the
not more than − 13 mm from a specified or designated design entire shipment or delivery.
length. 14.1.2 The planes of the ends of the pipe are not perpen-
11.2.4 Length of Two Opposite Sides—The length of two dicular to the longitudinal axis, subject to the limits of variation
opposite sides of any section of pipe shall vary not more than as shown in 11.2.4.
6 mm or 2 % of the designated diameter, whichever is larger. 14.1.3 Defects that indicate mixing and molding not in
11.2.5 Straightness—Pipe intended to be straight shall not accordance with 9.1.
vary in alignment more than 10 mm/m of length. 14.1.4 Cracks sufficient to impair the strength, durability, or
serviceability of the pipe.
TABLE 2 Internal Diameters 15. Product Marking
Designated Equivalent English Converted English
Diameter, mm Diameter, in Diameter, mm
15.1 The following information shall be legibly marked on
100 4 102
each pipe:
150 6 152 15.1.1 The pipe class and specification designation,
200 8 203 15.1.2 The date of manufacture.
250 10 254
300 12 305
15.1.3 The name or trademark of the manufacturer, and
375 15 381 15.1.4 Identification of the plant.
450 18 457
525 21 533
15.2 Marking shall be indented on the pipe section or
600 24 610 painted thereon with waterproof paint.
675 27 686
750 30 762 16. Keywords
825 33 838
900 36 914 16.1 concrete sewer; culvert; nonreinforced; pipe; storm
drain

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C14M − 11
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