DEMOGRAPHY and

SOCIAL SECTOR PLANNING

EnP Joseph Didius L. Clave, ECE, ECT

 DEMOGRAPHY

DEMOGRAPHY is the scientific study of

the characteristics and patterns of
human population

SOCIAL PLANNING is based on

Demography.

POPULATION IS A PLANNING VARIABLE.

Population must always be considered in
planning.
 DEMOGRAPHY
SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT is reflected in the
characteristics of people as producers,
consumers, end-users.

Past and present data and information are useful in

analyzing existing conditions of a planning area.

POPULATION PROJECTIONS serve as inputs in

setting goals, objectives, and targets;
formulating policies and strategies; and
identifying programs and projects, which form
part of the plan.
 DEMOGRAPHY

Sources of population data:

• PSA Census of Population (every 5 years)

• National Statistics Office surveys (every 3 years)

• Vital registration system (Local Civil Registrar)

• LGU barangay counts

 Time Relationship Between a Life Cycle of
Individual and Future Service Requirements
Different Age-Groups have different needs to be
addressed in planning and development
• Health care – important for individuals below 15 years
old, women of childbearing ages (15-49), and the
elderly

• Education – demand for this service is highest from age

5 – 20, then declines thereafter

• Food – demand is highest among young age groups,

especially teenagers

• Employment – demand is highest among the working

age population (15-64)

• Housing – demand peaks at ages when people start

living independently or start their own families
 DEMOGRAPHIC CONCEPTS
• Population size (or population level) – total
number of members of a population

• Population composition (or population

structure) – characteristics of a population
for a particular period, e.g., age-sex
composition

• Population growth – a change in population

size over two points in time as a result of
births, deaths, in-migration and out-
migration
PRC Allowable calculators
 DEMOGRAPHIC CONCEPTS
• Median age – the age that divides a population
into equal halves

• Sex Ratio (PSA definition) – the number of males

per 100 females in a population

No. of Males
Sex Ratio = X 100
No. of Females
 DEMOGRAPHIC CONCEPTS
No. of Males
Sex Ratio = No. of Females
X 100
 Annual Growth Rate of Population
 Annual Growth Rate is the average increase
of the total population on a yearly basis.

𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡−𝑃𝑎𝑠𝑡
Annual Growth = X 100
𝑃𝑎𝑠𝑡
Philippine Population Growth
2000-2010 2010-2015 2000-2015
1.90 1.72 1.84
Source: PSA
Average Population Growth Rate
 Philippine Census (1799-2015)

2015 100,981,437
 Population highlights as of 2015
• Of the country’s 18 administrative regions, Region IV-A
(CALABARZON) had the biggest population in 2015 with 14.41 million,
followed by the National Capital Region (NCR) with 12.88 million,
and Region III (Central Luzon) with 11.22 million. The combined
population of these three regions accounted for about 38.1 percent
of the Philippine population in 2015.

• The Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) was the fastest

growing region with an average annual population growth rate
(PGR) of 2.89 percent.

• Of countries 81provinces, Cavite was the most populous in 2015 with

3.68 million persons, followed by Bulacan (3.29 million), and Laguna
(3.04 million). Twenty-four other provinces surpassed the one million
population mark. Refer to Table 3.

• Batanes was the smallest province in terms of population size with

17,246 persons. Two other provinces posted a population size of less
than 100,000. These are Siquijor (95,984) and Camiguin (88,478).
 Population highlights as of 2015
• Four of the 33 HUCs in the Philippines had surpassed the
one million population mark, namely, Quezon City (2.94
million), City of Manila (1.78 million), Davao City (1.63
million), and Caloocan City (1.58 million).

• The country has 1,489 municipalities. The three largest

municipalities in terms of population size are all located
in the province of Rizal. These are the municipalities of
Rodriquez (Montalban) with 369,222 persons, Cainta
(332,128), and Taytay (319,104). Fifteen other
municipalities had a population size of more than
150,000.

• The municipality of Kalayaan in Palawan was the

smallest municipality in 2015, in terms of population size,
with 184 persons.
Age-Sex distribution: the population pyramid
 The POPULATION PYRAMID
• This graphically shows what the proportion of the population of a
given age and sex is with respect to total population. It consists of
bars: the height represents the age groups while the length
represents the absolute population, or a percent of the population in
each age group.

• The age-sex composition of the Philippine population is represented

by the expansive pyramid, characterized by a broad base, that is, a
very large proportion of population belongs to younger age groups.

• This kind of population pyramid is brought about by very high fertility

since new births are naturally added to the bottom, producing a
broad-based age and sex distribution.
Philippine Total Population by Age Group and Sex, 2010
Components of Population Change

SOURCES OF POPULATION CHANGE:

1. Fertility

2. Mortality

3. Migration
 Fertility
𝑁𝑜.𝑜𝑓 𝐵𝑖𝑟𝑡ℎ
• 𝐶𝑟𝑢𝑑𝑒 𝐵𝑖𝑟𝑡ℎ 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒 = 𝑥 1000
𝑀𝑖𝑑𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

𝑏𝑖𝑟𝑡ℎ𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑎 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐 𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑝 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛

• 𝐴𝑔𝑒 − 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐 𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 =
𝑝𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑝

• “Total Fertility Rate is the average number of births per woman of reproductive age.”

• It will tend to average lower than ordinarily observed because of the number of women
who postpone marriage, women who stay unmarried, women who are sterile, and celibate
women like religious nuns, etc.

• The total fertility rate in the Philippines was 3.0 births per woman in 2005 Total fertility rate
= the number of births a woman is expected to have through her entire child bearing
period, subject to prevailing ASFRs

• Gross reproduction rate = total fertility rate that includes only female births

• Net reproduction rate = number of female births that will be born, given age specific
fertility rates and taking into account some women giving these births might not complete
their child-bearing because of maternal deaths x 1000 Fertility
Exercise
Exercise
 mortality
𝑛𝑜.𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑡ℎ𝑠
𝐶𝑟𝑢𝑑𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑡ℎ 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 = X 1000
𝑚𝑖𝑑𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑜𝑝.

𝑛𝑜.𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑡ℎ𝑠

𝐼𝑛𝑓𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑚𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 = X 1000
𝑛𝑜.𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑏𝑖𝑟𝑡ℎ𝑠

𝑛𝑜 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑡ℎ𝑠 𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑔 1−5 𝑦.𝑜 𝑝𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

𝐵𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑤 5 𝑚𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 = 𝑝𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 1−5 𝑦.𝑜
X 1000

𝑛𝑜.𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑡ℎ𝑠

𝑀𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑚𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 = X 100,000
𝑛𝑜.𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑖𝑟𝑡ℎ𝑠
 Migration
 Permanent change of residence that
requires crossing an administrative
boundary from place of origin to place
of destination.

 Rate of migration (assumed) =

Population growth rate of
municipality/city/province MINUS
national population growth rate
 Dependency Ratios
Young Dependents Ages 0-14
Old Dependents Ages 65-above
Working Population Ages 15-64
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑜.𝑜𝑓 𝑦𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑔 𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠+𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑜.𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑙𝑑 𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠
X 100
𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
 Dependency Ratios

 The dependency ratio indicates how

many people are potentially working
to support those who are too young
and too old to work.
Dependency Ratio
Dependency Ratios (Exercise)

Young Dep.

Determine the following:

Working • Total Dependency Ratio:

Population 62.9689

• Old Dependency Ratio:

6.148

Old Dep.
 Growth Momentum
 Even if the present generation will
uniformly and drastically reduce
the number of their children, the
total population of the country will
continue to increase because of
the ‘momentum’ built from
previous years. – “J – shape”

 Population growth patterns cannot

be changed nor halted overnight

 Population management has to

take root over multiple generations
 Population Policy & Population Management
Highlights of REPUBLIC ACT NO. 10354 or the Responsible
Parenthood and Reproductive Health (RPRH) Law of 2012

In 2015, PHP 40.70 billion was allocated to implement the RPRH

Law Universal access to responsible parenthood services and
reproductive health care

ENABLING COUPLES AND INDIVIDUALS TO MAKE INFORMED

DECISIONS

 The DOH issued Administrative Order 2015-0006 and

Department Circular 2015- 0300 to provide couples and
individuals the choice to use Subdermal Implants as a family
planning method

 Department Memorandum 2015-186 was implemented to

make sure hospitals, medical centers, and civil society
organizations have access to family planning commodities
Computing Population Growth Rates

Projecting population size using

growth models:

1. Arithmetic
2. Geometric
3. Exponential
 Population Projection/Forecasting:
Arithmetic Method / Linear
P0+n = P(0) + mn
where:
n = no. of years between 0 and 0+n
P(0+n) = population to be forecasted at time 0+n
(the projection year)
P(0) = population at time 0 (the base year)
m = gradient (10,000/10)
 Population Projection/Forecasting:
Geometric Method

where:
Pt = projected pop. for a certain year
Po = base year
r = rate of growth
t = time interval between the base and
projected years
 Population Projection/Forecasting:
Geometric Method
(Example):
Given: P2000 76 498 735
P1995 68 616 536

Find the projected Population in

2010 or P2010

r = ln (P2000 /P1995)
t

ln (76,498,735 / 68,616,536)
5
r = 0.0217
 Population Projection/Forecasting:
Exponential Method

where:
Pt = projected population for a certain year
P0 = base year
e = constant (the e of 1 is 2.71828)
r = rate of growth
t = time interval between the base and
projected years
 Population Projection/Forecasting:
Exponential Method
Given: P2000 76 498 735
P1995 68 616 536

r=
[ log (Pt /PO) ]
t log e
76,498,735
[log( )]
68,616,536
=
5 log e

.047225464
=
2.011679619

= 0.0234 or 2.34%
 Population Doubling Time
The number of years it takes for a population to double
𝟎.𝟔𝟗 Doubling Time of Various
𝐃𝐨𝐮𝐛𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐓𝐢𝐦𝐞 = 𝐫 Rates of Growth
Example Rates of Doubling
𝟎. 𝟔𝟗 Growth (%) Time (years)
𝑨𝑮𝑹 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎 − 𝟏𝟎 =
𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟗𝟎
0.5 138
1 69
 Doubling time starting 2010= 36.3
years 2 35
3 23
4 17

Philippine population will double in 36 years .

The expansion of the Philippine population reflected a 1.90 percent

average annual growth rate in the 2000-2010 period. If the average
annual growth rate continues, the population of the Philippines is
expected to double in 36 years.
 Population Density
GROSS POPULATION DENSITY:
𝑁𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑜𝑛𝑠
𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 (ℎ𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑞 𝑘𝑚)

 The gross population density is crude since not

all lands in municipality are liveable.

NET POPULATION DENSITY:

𝑁𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑜𝑛𝑠
𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑑
 What is Social Planning?
Social Planning is population-focused planning oriented
towards enhancing people’s capacities to meet their own
needs by means of improved ‘social infrastructure’:
• Homes • Hospitals
• Schools • Orphanages
• Health centers • Homes for the aged
• Dispensaries

and the provision of public services such as

• police stations • Sports & recreation facilities
• fire stations • Orphanages
• prisons & rehabilitation centers • Homes for the aged
• Dispensaries • cemeteries and memorial
parks
 Three Schools of Thought in Socio-Economic
Development and Poverty Alleviation
INCREASE INCOME
• Economic Growth at all Costs
• Development as Raising Incomes
• Nobel Laureates Robert Solow & Simon Kuznets
• Neo-Liberals Milton Friedman & Friedrich von Hayek

MEET NEEDS
• Social Development
• Development as Meeting Needs’
• Nobel Laureate Dag Hammarsjkold et.al.

BUILD CAPACITIES
• Sustainable Development
• Development as Capacitation or Capability-Building’
• Nobel Laureate Amartya Sen
 Basic Needs Approach To Development
(Bariloche, 1976; Galtung, 1977 )

Basic Material Needs Basic Human Needs

1.Food (Nutrition) 1.Freedom
2.Clothing 2.Security
3.Water 3.Identity
4.Well-being
4.Sanitation
5.Communion with
5.Health Care Nature -- Ecological
6.Shelter and Sleep Balance
7.Income/Employment
8.Sex and Pro-creation
9.Recreation
10.Education
11.Electricity
12.Transportation
13.Communication
Basic Needs Approach by Imelda Romualdez-
Marcos and Jose Conrado Benitez (1976-86)

1.Food (Nutrition)
2.Clothing
3.Water
4.Sanitation
5.Health Care
6.Shelter and Sleep
7.Education
8.Income/Employment
9.Pro-creation (Family Planning)
10.Recreation
11.Electricity
12.Transportation
13.Communication
Minimum Basic Needs (MBN, Philippines)
Pres. Fidel V. Ramos administration
 Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

• Need for self-actualization

• Need for esteem
• Need for love and belongingness
• Need for safety and security
• Physiological / Survival Needs - food, water,
clothing, shelter and sleep, sex and reproduction
 ‘Quality of Life’ (QOL)
 “The challenge of development is to improve the quality of life.”
(World Bank, World Development Report, 1991)

 Improved Quality of Life involves higher incomes, better education,

higher standards of health and nutrition, less poverty, a cleaner
environment, more equality of opportunities, greater individual
freedom, and a richer cultural life.

 Economic factors
–Material well being – GDP per capita, economic vitality &
community prosperity
–Capital - financial market, goods market
–Labor – job security, unemployment rate, health, longevity,
educational opportunities, workforce preparedness
–Natural Resources – Environment & Geography, Latitude, Mild
versus Harsh climate;
–Technology – transportation, disamenities of Traffic, Level of
Pollution
 ‘Quality of Life’ (QOL)
 Non-economic factors (institutional, social, values)
–attitudes toward life and work
–public and private structures
–cultural traditions - cultural opportunities and leisure
activity, Community Life, People (caring people and
healthy lives), Family Life, divorce rate, Group tension,
Amenities, Diverse Choices
–systems of land tenure, property rights
–integrity of government agencies, political stability and
security ratings, political participation and accountable
leadership, political freedom, Incidence of Crime
–Gender equality - Ratio of average male and female
earnings
 Social Participation
• Development is only meaningful if the people participate in the
process of their own development.
• The very process of participating is, in and of itself, educational,
liberating, and empowering
• People are the principal actors of development; they are the
agents of change.
• Specialists have to challenge People to “Be the Change They Want
to See”
• People are not mere recipients or passive beneficiaries of dole-
outs.
• Ancient Chinese saying 2500 BC:
“Give people fish and they eat for a day. Teach people how to fish and
they eat for a lifetime.”
• People are most effective as groups rather than as individuals :
hence the value of “community organizing” as shown by Barrack
Obama’s work in Chicago from 1992 to 2002.
 Social Capital
• “Social Capital” is a collective term for non-monetary
assets such as trust, reciprocity, cooperation, solidarity,
unity, arising from people’s connectedness to social
networks and people’s embeddedness in social
relationships.
• A society with lots of social capital would have a lasting
sense of security and stability – would not have to spend
massive public resources on petty crimes, riots, social
chaos and disorder, workers strikes, lockouts.
• Japan with its age-old code of personal honor,
delicadeza or sense of shame of public officials,
fundamental honesty of ordinary citizens, basic integrity
in borrowing and paying loans, fatherly attitude of
employers towards employees which treat “corporations
as families” – partially explains why Japan with its limited
land area is the second largest economy in the world
today.
– Nan Lin, “Building a Network Theory of Social
Capital” in Connections 22 (1), Dept. of Sociology,
Duke University, 1999, pp. 28- 51
 Social Capital
• Collective: Features of social organization -
such as networks and values, including
tolerance, inclusion, reciprocity, participation and
trust - that facilitate coordination and cooperation
for mutual benefit. Social capital inheres in the
relations between and among actors. (UNDP
1997).
• Individual: The social resources (networks,
membership of groups, relationship of trust,
access to wider institutions of society) upon
which people draw in pursuit of livelihoods
(Carney 1998:7).
• Not only positive—those in power or blocking
reforms also have social capital
Housing / Shelter
 Types of Housing
• Single-Detached, Stick-built
• Row Houses (socialized housing)
• Modular Homes – duplex, triplex, quadruplex
• Apartment Complex
• Townhouses (medium-rise)
• High Rise Condominium
• Manufactured Housing – pre-fabricated
• Mobile Housing (trailer vans)
• Converted-use Property
• Cooperative Housing – Time-share?
 Filipino designs for mass housing for CDE
socio-economic classes –are unimaginative,
bland, stale, drab, without character
Home Designs for American Middle
Class

Tudor style
Georgian Style
North American style

Victorian Style
Contemporary Style

Post-Modern Style
Design Guidelines for Building Homes
Computation of Housing Need
 Computation of Housing Need
Housing Backlog- Number of dwelling units needed at the beginning
of planning period; add-up the following:

Doubled-up households- one dwelling unit is shared by two or more households

Displaced units (relocation need)-- New housing units needed to replace those
occupied located in dangerous and uninhabitable areas or those living on land
which is needed by the government for a major infrastructure project or in areas
where there is a court order for eviction and demolition
Homeless- Individuals or households living in parks, along sidewalks, and all those
without any form of shelter
Formation of New Households – new families who opt to live independently
Obsolescent Housing, Units for Upgrading-
•Tenure need- households living in units with inadequate security of
tenure on the land they occupy, need to improve land tenure status,
i.e. no legal title or any other written contract on land
• Infrastructure Improvement- households living in units that lack
access to one or more basic services such as water supply,
sanitation, drainage, road access, garbage disposal, and electricity
•Structural Improvement Need - Households living in units that
require improvement of structure to minimum acceptable level
 REVISED MINIMUM DESIGN STANDARD FOR P.D. 957 & B.P. 220 Approved per HLURB
Board Res. No. 699 subject for some revision Series of August, 2001
PRESEDENTIAL DECREE 957 (P.D. 957) BATAS PAMBANSA 220 (B.P. 220)
PARAMETERS
OPEN MARKET MEDIUM COST
ECONOMIC HOUSING SOCIALIZED HOUSING
HOUSING HOUSING

180,000
In no case shall
an approved
and developed
Socialized
Housing Project
Above 500,000
1. Max Selling Price Above 2M 500,000 be upgraded to
to 2M
other types of
housing project
despite
improvement of
facilities at
375,000

2. Project Location Within suitable sites for housing for an outside potential hazard
prone and protection areas.
 PRESIDENTIAL DECREE 957 (P.D. 957) BATAS PAMBANSA 220 (B.P. 220)
PARAMETERS
OPEN MARKET MEDIUM COST ECONOMIC HOUSING SOCIALIZED HOUSING
HOUSING HOUSING
3. Land
Allocation for a. 70% (maximum) a. Variable
project 1 b. 30% (maximum) b. See open space requirements as per b.1, b.2
hectare and and b.3
above
Mandatory allocation for parks and playground per tabulation below
a. Saleable Density Percentage of Density (No. Percentage Density %age of
Area (No. of Lots Gross Area of Lots or of Gross (No. of Lots Gross Area
or Dwelling Allocated for Dwelling Unit Area or Dwelling Allocated for
b. Non Unit Per Parks and Per Hectare) Allocated for Unit Per Parks and
Saleable Hectare) Playgrounds Parks and Hectare) Playground
Area Playground

b.1. Area
allocated for
parks and
playground
for projects 1
ha & above 20 & Below 3.5% 100 & Below 3.5 % 150 & Below 3.5 %
21 – 25 4.0% 101 – 120 4.0 % 151 – 160 4.0 %
26 – 35 5.0% 121 – 130 5.0 % 161 – 175 5.0 %
 PRESIDENTIAL DECREE 957 (P.D. 957) BATAS PAMBANSA 220 (B.P. 220)

PARAMETERS
OPEN MARKET MEDIUM COST
ECONOMIC HOUSING SOCIALIZED HOUSING
HOUSING HOUSING

Density Percentage Density Gross Area Density % age of Gross

(No. of Lots or of Gross Area (No. of Allocated (No. of Lots or Area Allocated
Dwelling Unit Allocated for Lots or for Parks Dwelling Unit for Parks and
Per Hectare) Parks and Dwelling and Per Hectare) Playground
Playgrounds Unit Per Playgroun
Hectare) d

b.1. Area
allocated for
parks and
playground for
projects 1 ha. & 36 - 50 6.0 % 131 - 140 6.0 % 178 -200 6.0 %
above
51 - 65 7.0 % 141 - 150 7.0 % 200 - 225 7.0 %

Above 65 9.0 % Above 150 9.0 % Above 225 9.0 %

 PRESIDENTIAL DECREE 957 (P.D. 957) BATAS PAMBANSA 220 (B.P. 220)
PARAMETERS OPEN MARKET HOUSING MEDIUM
ECONOMIC SOCIALIZED
COST
HOUSING HOUSING
HOUSING
b.2. Area In no case shall an area allocated for parks and playgrounds be less than 100 sq. m.
allocated for
Community Mandatory provision of Density Percentage of Density %age of Gross Area
areas for community (No. of Lots or Gross Area (No. of Lots or Allocated for
Facilities
facilities such as schools, Dwelling Unit Per Allocated for Dwelling Unit Community Facilities
places of worship, hospitals,
health centers, barangay
Hectare) Community Per Hectare)
health centers and other Facilities
similar facilities and
amenities (per P.D. 1216) for
subdivision projects one (1)
hectare and above.
Provided, however, that
areas allocated for the same 100 & Below 1.0 % 150 & Below 1.0 %
in excess of the
requirements per 3.b.1 101 - 150 1.5 % 151 – 225 1.5 %
above are deemed saleable.
Provided further that the
Above 150 2.0 % Above 225 2.0 %
specific use of the area shall
be indicated in the plan and
annotated in the title.

b.3.
Circulation Observe hierarchy of roads.
System
 PRESIDENTIAL DECREE 957 (P.D. 957) BATAS PAMBANSA 220 (B.P. 220)

PARAMETERS

OPEN MARKET MEDIUM COST

ECONOMIC HOUSING SOCIALIZED HOUSING
HOUSING HOUSING

4. Minimum Lot Areas

a. Single Detached 120 sq. m. 100 sq. m. 72 sq. m. 64 sq. m.

b. Duplex/Single Attached 96 sq. m. 80 sq. m. 54 sq. m. 48 sq. m.
c. Rowhouse 60 sq. m. 50 sq. m. 36 sq. m. 32 sq. m.

For Open Market Saleable lots designated as duplex/single-

Housing Project attached and/or rowhouse lots shall be
Saleable Lots provided with housing components.
designated as Price of saleable lots shall not exceed 40% of
Duplex and/or the minimum.
Rowhouse lots
shall be provided
with Housing
Components
 PRESIDENTIAL DECREE 957 (P.D. 957) BATAS PAMBANSA 220 (B.P. 220)

PARAMETERS
OPEN MARKET MEDIUM COST
ECONOMIC HOUSING SOCIALIZED HOUSING
HOUSING HOUSING
5. Minimum Lot Frontage

5.1 Single Detached

a. Corner Lot 12 m. 8 m.
b. Regular Lot 10 m. 8 m.
c. Irregular Lot 6 m. 4 m.
d. Interior Lot 3 m. 3 m.

5.2. Single Attached/Duplex 8m 6m

5.3 Rowhouse 4m 4m

6. Length of Block Maximum length of block is 400 meters, however, blocks exceeding 250 meters shall be
provided with a 4 meter alley approximately at midlength.
 PRESIDENTIAL DECREE 957 (P.D. 957) BATAS PAMBANSA 220 (B.P. 220)
PARAMETERS
OPEN MARKET MEDIUM COST
ECONOMIC HOUSING SOCIALIZED HOUSING
HOUSING HOUSING

15. Shelter Component

15.1 Minimum Floor
Area
a. Single Detached 42 sq. m. 30 sq. m. 22 sq. m. 18 sq. m.
b. Duplex 42 sq. m. 30 sq. m. 22 sq. m. 18 sq. m.
c. Rowhouse 42 sq. m. 30 sq. m. 22 sq. m. 18 sq. m.

Mandatory provision of firewall for Structural design shall consider for loft.
duplex/semi attached and rowhouses. Mandatory provisions of firewall for
In no case shall the no. of rowhouses duplexes/semi-attached and at least every 4
exceed 20 units per block. units for rowhouses.

In non case shall the number of rowhouses

exceed 20 units per block/cluster but in no
case shall be more than 100 meters in length.
 PRESIDENTIAL DECREE 957 (P.D. 957) BATAS PAMBANSA 220 (B.P. 220)

PARAMETERS
OPEN MARKET MEDIUM COST
ECONOMIC HOUSING SOCIALIZED HOUSING
HOUSING HOUSING

15.2 Minimum Level of Complete House Complete House Shell House

Completion

a. Single Detached (Base on the submitted specification) (Base on the (with doors and
submitted Windows to
specification) enclose the unit)

b. Duplex/Semi-attached same same same

c. Rowhouse same same same

16. Setback/Easements
a. Front 3 m. 1.5 m.
b. Side 2 m. 2.0 m.
c. Rear 2 m. 2.0 m.
 Neighborhood as Social Region
• A Neighborhood is a small “social region” which is usually
bound by similar socio-economic traits, such as income,
education, age, and family structure. Neighborhood implies
that people live in the same area either permanently or semi-
permanently.

• Neighborhood can be ethnically and economically diverse,

yet residents think of themselves as a social unity sharing similar
values.
• It is at the neighborhood level that “Space becomes Place.”
‘Place’ is a social and symbolic setting that has meaning and
value for individuals.
• People acquire sentiments and attachments to the “Place” as
it is imbued with subjective meanings.
• ‘Place’ is the context of ‘Identity’. Social attachment
becomes basis for social and political action.
 Principles of Neighborhood Unit by
Clarence Perry, 1872-1944
• Clarence Perry adopted Garden City ideas in the
planning of neighborhood.
• The concept of “Neighborhood” is the American
equivalent to the British “Precinct.”
• Six principles of Neighborhood Unit
• (1) Size to support an elementary school,
generally a half mile in diameter at most,
• (2) bounded on all sides by arterial streets,
• (3) open spaces for small parks and recreation
of about 10% of the total neighborhood area,
• (4) institutions such as schools, community
centers, and churches grouped around a central
point,
• (5) local shops around the circumference at
traffic junctions, and
• (6) internal street system with lots of cul-de-sacs
and street widths sized to facilitate internal
traffic and discourage through traffic.
Clarence Perry’s Neighborhood Unit
Other Sub-sectors in
Social Planning
 Use of Planning Standarads

Anthropometrics – the
science of the average
physical dimensions of
human population in relation
to its various activities -- it is
usually the basis of minimum
standards.
 Education
• DepEd Standard classroom-student ratio is 1:50. A
classroom should accommodate at most 50 students.

• Standard Teacher-Student ratio

• Level Acceptable Student-Teacher Ratio

Kindergarten 1:30
Elementary 1:45
Secondary 1:40
College 1:25
Graduate School 1:15
 Pre-School / Kindergarten
I. SPACE STANDARDS
A. PRE-SCHOOL (KINDERGARTEN LEVEL)

 School site must have a minimum lot area of 500

square meters. The area may be divided into a
minimum of 140 square meters for the playground. This
area is only good for not more than 4 classes.

 Space for playground must be provided, otherwise,

easy and safe access to the nearest part of open
space not more than 200 meters walking distance
from school site may be presented as an alternative.

 Classroom size should be 1 ½ (1.5) square meter per

child.
 Pre-School / Kindergarten
Site requirements:
1. Pre-School (Kindergarten Level)
a. Minimum lot area:
500𝑚2 140𝑚2 = classroom
(if < 4 classes) 360𝑚2 = playground
b. Provide playground, OR
alternative playground site ≤ 200m safe access from
school site
c. Class size:
25 – 30 children = 1 teacher
30 – 40 children = 1 teacher + teacher’s aide
d. Classroom size: 1.5m2 = 1 child
e. 1 toilet = 25 children
f. For 7m x 9m classroom = 2 fluorescent lamps + 1 wide window +
electric fans
 Elementary Schools
a. Maximum distance:
3-km walk, or 30 minutes by PUV
b. > 200m from ‘places of ill-repute,
recreational establishments of questionable
character, manufacturing / industrial plants,
military barracks’
c. Lot occupancy of school buildings, etc.
< 40% of site / lot size
 Elementary Schools
Standard Sizes for Elementary School sites Rural Areas (Ha)

1-2 classes and no Grade 4 above (rural primary school) 0.5

3 – 4 classes (for non-central school) 1

≥ 6 classes (for central school) 1

5 – 7 classes 1.5

7 – 9 classes 2

>12 classes 4
 Elementary Schools
Standard Sizes for School Sites (in hectares)

In case of difficulty in meeting standards due to lack of space in

urban areas, the following may be allowed for URBAN areas:

6 – 10 classes 0.5

11 – 20 classes 0.75
 Elementary Schools
A. Minimum Standards for Instructional and Administrative
Spaces
Classroom 1.40m2 / pupil
School shop 2.50m2 / pupil
Administrative office 5m2 / place
Library 2.40m2 / person
(10% of total enrolment)
Medical / dental clinic 28m2
Guidance room 28m2
Corridor above ground level,
2.0m clear width Minimum
as provided for by National
Building Code
 Secondary Schools
• The maximum distance for a student to walk from residence
to school site is three (3) kilometers while the maximum
travel time from residence to school on board a vehicle of
public conveyance is 30 minutes

• The school should be located beyond 200 meters of places

of ill-repute, recreational establishments of questionable
character, manufacturing, and industrial plants and military
barracks.

• The ground area occupied by the school buildings and

other structures should not exceed 40% of school site in
order to provide adequate open spaces for assembly and
co-curricular activities as well as to conform with the
national and local regulations and standards pertaining to
setbacks and distances between buildings
 Secondary Schools
A. Standard Sizes for School Sites
Urban (minimum) hectares
12 sections 0.5
13 – 25 sections 1
26 – 50 sections 1.5
51 – 75 sections 2

For every 25 sections > 75 sections 0.5

Rural (minimum) hectares

Barangay high school 1
General / trade high school 3
Agricultural high school 3
for freshwater fishponds and / or 2
for brackish water fishponds 3
 Secondary Schools
B. Minimum Standards for Instructional Spaces
Classroom 1.40 𝑚2 / pupil
Science lab 2.10 𝑚2 / pupil
Shops:
Practical arts / technology
and economics 2.50 𝑚2 / pupil
Girls’ trade / homemaking 2.50 𝑚2 / pupil
Wood trades 5 𝑚2 / pupil
Metal trades 5 𝑚2 / pupil
Mechanical trades 7 𝑚2 / pupil
Electrical trades 4 𝑚2 / pupil
Drafting / drawing 2.50 𝑚2 / pupil
Farm mechanical 5 𝑚2 / pupil
Farm machinery 6.50 𝑚2 / pupil
Fish capture / culture /
preservation 2.50 𝑚2 / pupil
 Secondary Schools
C. Minimum Standards for Administrative Spaces / services:
Administrative office 5𝑚2 / place
Medical / dental clinic 28𝑚2
Guidance room 28𝑚2
Library / 2.40𝑚2 / person
Learning resources center (10% of total
enrolment)
Corridor above
ground level,
2m clear width
 Institutions of Higher Learning –
Colleges and Universities
Minimum Standards for Instructional and Administrative
Spaces
≤500 students 0.50 hectare (ha.)
501 – 1,000 1 ha.
1,001 – 2,000 2 has.
2,001 – 3,000 3 has.
Same ratio for enrolment in excess of 3,000
≥7,000 students 7 has.
10,000 students 7 has.
For open space 2.50 𝑚2 / person
For indoor facility 0.90 𝑚2 / person
 Hospitals and Health Care
Hospital area requirement:
CAPACITY AREA
(beds) (has.)
25 1.5
100 1.5
200 2.5
300 3.5

Rural Health Unit Personnel Standards:

Municipal Health Officer 1: 20,000 popn

Nurse 1: 20,000 popn
Rural Sanitary inspector 1: 20,000 popn
Rural Midwife 1: 3,000 – 5,000 popn,
depending on the terrain
 Hospitals and Health Care
Accessibility parameters: (for proposed hospital sites)
≥ 35 kms away from existing gov’t hospital
< 35 kms but >3hrs away by usual mode of travel
< 35 kms away <3hrs away by usual mode of travel
Catchment population parameters:
≥ 75,000 and accessible as referral to at least 3 RHUs or main health centers
< 75,000 but > 25,000
< 25,000

Distance <35kms but ≥ 3hrs <35kms and <

≥35kms
POP travel 3hrs travel

District Hospital Municipal Hospital RHU Infirmary

> 75,000
Municipal Hospital Extension None
< 75,000 but > 25,000
< 25,000 Extension RHU Infirmary None
 Health Care Facilities
Nomenclature Clinical Service Facility No. of Beds

BHS – RHU SUB-SYSTEM

Barangay health station Primary None
RHU Primary None
RHU Infirmary Primary 5 – 10
HOSPITAL SUB-SYSTEM
Primary capability /
Extension hospital 10
secondary facility
Municipal hospital Secondary 10 – 25
District hospital Secondary 25 – 75
Provincial / general hospital Tertiary 100 – 250
Regional Teaching - training 300 – 500
 Fire Protection Services
Establishment of fire station – there shall be
established at least 1 fire station with adequate
personnel, firefighting facilities, and equipment in
every provincial capital, city and municipality

At least 1 fire station for every city/municipality

1 fireman per 500 population for every highly

urbanized cities (HUCs)

1 Fireman per 2000 population for other cities

and municipalities (minimum)
 Sports and Recreation
Minimum of 500 sq.m per 1,000
population for a city and
municipal park or designed
plaza

Minimum of 5,000 sq.m or half-

hectare per 1,000 population as
open playfield/athletic field

At least 30% of the entire gross

area of an open-market
subdivision kept as unbuilt and
6% as Open Space. (PD 957)
 Sports and Recreation
Passive Recreation
1. Picnicking 1.6 ha. / 1,000 popn.
1 lake / lagoon / 25,000
2. Passive water sports
popn.
3. Zoos 0.4 ha. / 1,000 popn.
Others
1. Parking at recreation area 0.4 ha. / 1,000 popn.
2. Indoor recreation center
(billiards, bowling, 0.4 ha. / 1,000 popn.
badminton, etc.)
Standards for Recreational Facilities
Space Requirement for
Type of Activity
Activity per Program
Active Recreation
1. Children’s play area 0.2 ha. / 1000 popn.
2. Field play areas for young children 0.6 ha. / 1000 popn.
3. Older adult 0.6 ha. / 1000 popn.
Field Sports Activities
4. Tennis / outdoor basketball 4.6 ha. / 5000 popn
5. Swimming 1 outdoor pool / 2500 popn
6. Major boating activities 40.5 ha. / 50000 popn.
7. Hiking / camping / horseback riding /
4 ha. / 1000 popn.
nature study
8. Golfing 1-18 hole course / 50000 popn.
 Social Welfare Services
• One Day Care per barangay as per RA 6972
• Minimum area requirement for Day Care
Center-
–2 sq.m. per 3 children indoor
–1 sq.m. per child outdoor
• One Senior Citizen Care Center per
city/municipality per RA 7876
• Minimum area of 500 sq.m. for Senior Citizen
Care Center
Source: Dept. of Social Welfare Development
 Some of Topics during the 2017 EnP
Board Exam (Social Planning)

• Population Projection
• Neighborhood unit
• Dependency Ratio computation
• BP 220 (Economic Vs Socialized housing)
• Number of daycare centers in a barangay - Presidential
Decree No. 1567 establishing a day care center in every
barangay and appropriating funds therefor
Thank You!