CoverPapers May-2015 U.1 QP PDF
CoverPapers May-2015 U.1 QP PDF
CoverPapers May-2015 U.1 QP PDF
Instructions
t Use black ink or ball-point pen.
t Fill in the boxes at the top of this page with your name,
centre number and candidate number.
t Answer all questions.
t Answer the questions in the spaces provided
– there may be more space than you need.
Information
t The total mark for this paper is 80.
t The marks for each question are shown in brackets
– use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.
t written
Questions labelled with an asterisk (*) are ones where the quality of your
communication will be assessed
– you should take particular care with your spelling, punctuation and grammar, as
well as the clarity of expression, on these questions.
t Candidates may use a calculator.
Advice
t Keep
Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
t Try toananswer
eye on the time.
t Check your answers
every question.
t if you have time at the end.
Turn over
P45067A
©2015 Pearson Education Ltd.
*P45067A0124*
1/1/1/1/1/1/1/
Answer ALL questions.
Some questions must be answered with a cross in a box . If you change your mind about an
answer, put a line through the box and then mark your new answer with a cross .
1 One function of DNA is to act as a template for the synthesis of messenger RNA.
(a) State what is meant by the term template for the synthesis of messenger RNA.
(1)
(b) Place a cross in the box to complete each of the following statements.
(iii) Analysis of a sample of DNA found that 40% of the nucleotides contained
cytosine. In the same sample of DNA the percentage of nucleotides
containing adenine would be
(1)
A 10%
B 20%
C 40%
D 60%
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(c) The DNA base sequence for part of a gene is shown below.
A C T T T C G C C C G A
Write the mRNA base sequence produced from this sequence of bases.
(2)
(d) Describe three differences between the processes of replication and transcription
of DNA.
(3)
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3
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2 The photograph below shows a cleft iris, a rare condition in humans. Cleft iris may be
due to the inheritance of recessive alleles.
Magnification ×1
(a) Explain the meaning of the term recessive allele.
(3)
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(b) (i) In the space below, draw a genetic diagram to show the genotypes and
phenotypes of a man with cleft iris and a woman who is heterozygous for this
condition, and all their possible children.
(4)
(ii) State the probability that the first child of these parents will have a cleft iris.
(1)
5
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3 The photograph below shows Daphnia (a water flea). Daphnia can be used to
investigate the effect of chemicals on heart rate.
Magnification ×30
(a) (i) Give two reasons why Daphnia is a suitable organism for investigating the
effect of chemicals on heart rate.
(2)
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(ii) State two variables that you would need to control for a valid investigation
into the effect of caffeine on the heart rate of Daphnia.
Describe how to control each of these variables.
(4)
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(b) Explain why many small animals, such as Daphnia, have a heart.
(3)
7
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4 Cystic fibrosis is an inherited condition.
(a) Read through the following passage about cystic fibrosis then write on the dotted
lines the most appropriate word or words to complete the sentences.
(4)
Cystic fibrosis is a disorder caused by one of a number of gene mutations.
The symptoms of the disorder are seen only in an individual who is
(b) Explain why people with cystic fibrosis can have breathing difficulties.
(4)
8
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(c) Cystic fibrosis can be detected using prenatal genetic testing.
(i) Describe how one named method of prenatal genetic testing can be carried
out.
(3)
(ii) Explain either one ethical issue or one social issue relating to the use of
prenatal genetic testing.
(2)
9
*P45067A0924* Turn over
5 Over 20% of the population of the UK is classified as obese. Obesity is a significant
risk factor in the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD).
(a) One way of estimating if a person is obese is to find their Body Mass Index (BMI).
Body Mass Index is calculated using the formula below.
Mass in kilograms
BMI =
(height in metres )2
The table below provides the range of BMI values for different categories of
people.
(i) Calculate the BMI of a person who has a mass of 95 kg and a height of 1.75
metres.
(1)
Answer ........................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) Use your calculated value and the information in the table to find the
category of this person.
(1)
Category ....................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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*P45067A01024*
*(iii) People in this category are more likely to develop high blood pressure than
people with a healthy weight.
Explain why someone who has a high blood pressure is at a significantly
higher risk of developing CVD.
(4)
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*P45067A01124* Turn over
(b) Suggest one piece of medical advice that could be given to someone who does
not have high blood pressure but who is obese.
Explain why this will help to reduce their risk of developing CVD.
(3)
. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12
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(c) The graph below shows the death rates from CVD for men from four different
European countries.
800 –
Death rate of males / deaths per 100000
700 –
600 –
500 –
400 –
300 – Key
200 – Finland
UK
100 – Poland
Italy
0–
–
–
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995
Year
Using the information in the graph, discuss the statement that death rates from
CVD are falling.
(3)
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*P45067A01324* Turn over
6 Lysozyme is an enzyme found in tears. Lysozyme can destroy some bacteria by
breaking down the polysaccharide chains that form part of their cell walls.
(a) The primary structure of lysozyme is a specific sequence of 129 amino acids.
Two of the amino acids that make up the active site are in positions 35 and 52 in
the primary structure.
Suggest how these two amino acids could be brought closer together to form
part of the active site of this enzyme.
(3)
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*P45067A01424*
(b) The graph below shows the effect of increasing the concentration of lysozyme on
the initial rate of destruction of bacteria.
10 –
9–
Initial rate of destruction of bacteria
8–
7–
/arbitrary units
6–
5–
4–
3–
2–
1–
0–
–
–
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5
Concentration of lysozyme / gdm–3
(i) Using the information in the graph, explain the effect of the concentration of
lysozyme on the initial rate of destruction of bacteria.
(3)
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*P45067A01524* Turn over
(ii) Suggest why some of the data points in the graph do not fit on a straight line.
(1)
16
*P45067A01624*
BLANK PAGE
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*P45067A01724* Turn over
7 The diagram below shows four molecules, P, Q, R and S, found in living organisms.
H R O H O H H H H H
H H N C C H C O C C C C C C H
O H H OH H H H H H
O H H H H H
P Q
H C O C C C C C C H
H H H H H
CH2OH
O H H H H H
H O H
c c
H
OH H H C O C C C C C C H
HO OH
H OH H H H H H H
R S
(a) Place a cross in the box to complete each of the following statements.
(i) Two molecules of P can be joined together by
(1)
A a hydrogen bond
B a hydrophobic interaction
C an ionic bond
D a peptide bond
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(iii) Molecule R is
(1)
A a fatty acid
B an amino acid
C deoxyribose
D glucose
(b) Name one element found in all molecules of Q that would not be found in
carbohydrates.
(1)
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(c) Draw a diagram to show the molecules produced when two molecules of R join
together during a condensation reaction.
(3)
(d) Explain how the dipolar nature of water is essential for living organisms.
(2)
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*P45067A02024*
8 During the cardiac cycle, muscles in the walls of the atria and ventricles contract and
relax.
The graph below shows the changes in pressure that occur in the left side of the
mammalian heart during one cardiac cycle.
15 –
10 –
Pressure / kPa
5–
0–
–
–
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8
Time / s
Key
Aorta
Left ventricle
Left atrium
................................ seconds
(ii) The pressure in the aorta when the semilunar (aortic) valve closes.
(1)
..................... . . . . . . . . . . . kPa
21
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(b) Using the information in the graph, describe the pressure changes that take place
in the left ventricle during each stage of this cardiac cycle.
(3)
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*(c) During this cardiac cycle, the changes in pressure that occur in the left atrium and
in the left ventricle are different.
Using the information in the graph and your own knowledge, explain these differences.
(5)
Acknowledgements
http://www.health.state.mn.us/divs/fh/mch/webcourse/vision/coloboma.cfm
http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/indexmag.html?http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/
artmar02/fleanatomy.html
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