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    Material Balance

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    Hamzah A. Lafta
    The document summarizes a process for producing potassium carbonate from caustic potash and carbon dioxide. Potassium hydroxide is reacted with carbon dioxide in a fluidized bed reactor, converting 90% of the KOH into K2CO3. Material balances are provided for the main reactants and products through the reactor and scrubber. The balances calculate molar flows, mass flows, and makeup amounts needed to sustain the 100,000 ton per year process operating 330 days per year.

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    Material Balance

    Uploaded by

    Hamzah A. Lafta
    50 views5 pages
    The document summarizes a process for producing potassium carbonate from caustic potash and carbon dioxide. Potassium hydroxide is reacted with carbon dioxide in a fluidized bed reactor, converting 90% of the KOH into K2CO3. Material balances are provided for the main reactants and products through the reactor and scrubber. The balances calculate molar flows, mass flows, and makeup amounts needed to sustain the 100,000 ton per year process operating 330 days per year.

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    The document summarizes a process for producing potassium carbonate from caustic potash and carbon dioxide. Potassium hydroxide is reacted with carbon dioxide in a fluidized bed reactor, converting 90% of the KOH into K2CO3. Material balances are provided for the main reactants and products through the reactor and scrubber. The balances calculate molar flows, mass flows, and makeup amounts needed to sustain the 100,000 ton per year process operating 330 days per year.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    50 views5 pages

    Material Balance

    Uploaded by

    Hamzah A. Lafta
    The document summarizes a process for producing potassium carbonate from caustic potash and carbon dioxide. Potassium hydroxide is reacted with carbon dioxide in a fluidized bed reactor, converting 90% of the KOH into K2CO3. Material balances are provided for the main reactants and products through the reactor and scrubber. The balances calculate molar flows, mass flows, and makeup amounts needed to sustain the 100,000 ton per year process operating 330 days per year.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 5

    Production From Caustic Potash and Carbon Dioxide.

    The
    most important process for the manufacture of potassium carbonate begins with
    electrolytically produced potassium hydroxide solution. The almost chemically
    pure solution obtained by the mercury process is reacted with carbon dioxide or
    CO2-containing off-gases (flue gas, lime kiln gas).

    2KOH+CO2 −→ K2CO3 +H2O

    Figure 2. Production of potassium carbonate by the fluidized-bed process

    a) Burner; b) Gas cooler; c) Fluidized-bed reactor; d) Cooler; e) Elevator; f)


    Screen; g) Mill; h) Silo; i) Cyclone; j) Exhaust gas scrubber
    MATERIAL BALANCE

    Plant capacity 100,000 ton / year.

    Assuming 330 working days.

     Convert plant capacity into kg/hr

    100,000 ton 1 year 1 day 1000 kg


    Year 330 day 24 hr 1 ton

    = 12626.26 kg/hr

    = 91kmol/hr M.wt. of k2co3 = 138.2 kg/kmol

    Material balance in C

    Main reaction:

    2KOH+CO2 −→ K2CO3 +H2O

    Assuming 90% conversion is possible in reactor-1. Hence 90% of koh get


    converted into k2co3 and 5%
    Conversion = 0.90 = reacted / feed

    Reacted of KOH = produced of K2co3*2 = 91*2 mol from reaction =182 mol

    KOH feed = 182/0.9 =202 kmol/hr

    Mwt of KOH=56

    Koh feed in Kg = 56*202=11324 kg/hr

    koh to co2 feed ratio is 2:1.

    Co2 fed = 202/2 kmol/hr=10144*101=4444 kg/h

    CO2 material balance

    Out= in – reacted in reaction

    out co2 = 101– 101*0.9

    = 10.1 kmol/hr=444 kg/h

    KOH material balance

    Out= in – reacted

    Out koh = 202– 202*0.9 = 20 kmol/hr=1120 kg/h

    H2O material balance

    Out= in + produce = 91 mol = 1638 kg/h

    Reactor overall material balance

    In=11324+4444 =15768 kg

    Out=12626+3276+1131+444=15828 kg
    Material balance of column i

    Unreacted KOH (B)

    Reactor
    product (A)

    Product (C)

    KOH material balance

    Out= in = product in B =1120 kg

    Material balance on gas scrubber

    the gas is recycled in the process but first it must be scrubbed with water, the
    amount of water needed depend on the gas type . since CO2 is disoved in cooled
    water ( < 10oC )and high pressure (>1 atm ) . the solubility of Co2 in water is 0.04
    g of CO2/kg of water
    444 kg or 444000 g of co2 we need 11100000 kg of water

    Since its too large ,the adsorption will take place in a part of the CO2.

    KOH make up

    Since 1120 kg of KOH is recycled in the process


    Make up = feed – recycled = 11324-1120 =10204 kg

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