BAHAY KANLUNGAN

A Proposed Therapeutic Mental Health Facility

“ Ending Mental Health Stigma with a Dose of Architecture

“Color Psychology”

MATIAS, NOEL ANGELO B.

Archt. Rey M. Evangelista

Archt. Mar Lorence Ticao
DESIGN 951 – AR 56

November 26, 2017

CHAPTER 1.0 INTRODUCTION
Chapter
BACKGROUND/ 1.0 INTRODUCTION
OVERVIEW OF THE PROJECT

Project Title : BAHAY KANLUNGAN : A Proposed Therapeutic Mental Health Facility.

- the title of the proposed project was derived from the word “kanlungan: meaning shelter or
sanctuary. The project aims to give a helping hand to those who were neglected by the society
due to their mental illnesses. It aims to create an impact to those who are mentally challenged
that they can still have somebody to lean on.
Project Description:
- BAHAY KANLUNGAN is a mental health facility complete with emergency, outpatient and
inpatient services to cater people of any age with mental illnesses.
Location of the Project:
- The proposed project will be located at Tolentino West, Tagaytay City, Province of Cavite.
Proponent of the project:
- The proposed project will be funded by the Department of Health.
Availability of Budget:
- The Department of Health has provided a total of Php 2,000,000,000,.00 for the proposed
project.
CHAPTER 1.0 INTRODUCTION
Chapter
BACKGROUND/ 1.0 INTRODUCTION
OVERVIEW OF THE PROJECT

Project Objectives
Target Users

• To answer the increasing problems regarding the numbers • Primary Users

of people suffering from mental illnesses such as depression • person/s of any age coming from low to middle income

and schizophrenia in which are common among Filipinos. group who are suffering from mild to severe mental

• To provide a government mental health facility affordable illnesses; clinical practitioners like psychiatrists,

to low and medium income members of the community. therapists, and nurses

• To create a less isolated therapeutic environment for • Secondary Users

patients that will help them recuperate and connect back • administrative personnel, utility personnel and other

with the community. nonmedical staff.

• To provide a place where the government and NGOs can • Tertiary Users

hold seminars and team building activities that could • volunteers, medical representatives, family visitors and
promote and increase awareness regarding mental health. NGOs.
• To create a model that will highlight the importance of

mental health
CHAPTER 1.0 INTRODUCTION

Chapter 1.0 INTRODUCTION

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM/ ARCHITECTURAL GOALS & OBJECTIVES

Major Problem Goals

What are the factors that contribute in developing a To create a responsive therapeutic environment for its
therapeutic environment? users.

Minor Problem Objectives

1. How does color affect the overall design of a To create a fully responsive environment that will help
healthcare facility? reduce stress of patients.

2. What design of the interiors to be used that will To create interiors that will supplement the idea of a
avoid stress and agitation to its patients? therapeutic environment.

3. What design should be used to promote better work To create a better way-finding and improve familiarity
efficiency for staff and create better surveillance of of the space.
patients?

4. What is the contribution of nature to the overall To create a healthy environment for patients
design of the facility?
CHAPTER 1.0 INTRODUCTION
Chapter
SIGNIFICANCE 1.0RESEARCH
OF THE INTRODUCTION

A. To the Architectural Community

• Enhance the design and serve as a model for future mental health facilities

• Provide alternative knowledge and solutions on how to create a safe and therapeutic environment for

patients.

B. To the Community

• Provide the community with a mental health facility with affordable mental health services without

sacrificing design and aesthetics.

• Create a better perception towards mental health facilities and remove the stigma that mental facilities are

for crazy people only.

CHAPTER 1.0 INTRODUCTION
REVIEWChapter 1.0
OF RELATED INTRODUCTION
LITERATURE

➢ Nousiainen, Marjut (2011) Healing Environment (Master

Thesis). Retrieved from http://www/thl.fu/attachments/.

The research focuses on how the environment can support physical

and mental healing. It concentrates on long term patients and their everyday

living spaces emphasizing the architecture according to human senses,

colors, healthy lighting and the patients’ connection to nature.

According to the research, architecture is the art of nourishing the senses.

Forgetting one sense experience can eventually ruin the whole design.

Creating a design that will lead a positive impact to touch, sight, hearing

and smell will lead to a healthier environment for patients.

Application: The study is a great help in designing interiors. The author has

provided guides on how to design patient rooms and wards.

CHAPTER 1.0 INTRODUCTION
REVIEWChapter 1.0
OF RELATED INTRODUCTION
LITERATURE

➢ Tofle R.B., Shwarz B., So, Yeon Yoon, Max-Royale, A. ➢ Onaran, Bilge Sayil (2009) Sustainable Room Surfaces in
(2004) Color in Healthcare Environments. Retrieved
from https://www.healthdesign.org. Acute Mental Health Hospitals Issue No.2 Volume 5.

Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net

➢ Synopsis:

Color is considered as a fundamental element in

➢ Synopsis:
environmental design. It is linked to the psychological,
The article tackles several design innovations about
physiological, and social reactions of human beings, as well as
recycling of materials and the design principles of surface
a esthetic and technical aspects of human-made environments.
materials in acute mental hospitals. The use of sustainable
The book discusses the different psychological effects of
materials is crucial for designing healthy interiors and human

colors towards people with mental illnesses. Clinical trials health. The article pushes the idea of applying sustainable

conducted by the authors show how colors were perceived materials for ceilings, walls, floors and therapy rooms. It also

differently by different people, thus creating a different story highlighted the importance of outdoor environment to

healthcare settings. It is observed that people respond more

on how colors were perceived. The study in summary dictates
positively to traditional buildings which are more ecological
that:
and sustainable.
CHAPTER 1.0 INTRODUCTION
Chapter
CONCEPTUAL 1.0 INTRODUCTION
FRAMEWORK

Input Process Output

Application of Color • Research about the

Psychology
psychological
properties of colors.
• Apply appropriate color
scheme based on the
purpose of the space.

• Research about the

Application of Healing
Gardens healing properties of
A Therapeutic
gardens.
environment for
• Apply healing gardens
that is visible and
patients
accessible to different
users.

Natural Lighting • Research on the healing

properties of natural
lighting.
• Identify spaces that
require natural lighting Better way finding and
Create a ward design that
specially patient rooms. access for staffs and
can promote better way
better surveillance of
finding and surveillance of
Ward Design
patients. patients
CHAPTER 1.0 INTRODUCTION
SCOPES AND LIMITATIONS
Chapter 1.0 INTRODUCTION
SCOPES LIMITATIONS

Site Planning Development

• Development of the mental health facility • Natural and man-made disasters present on the site.

• Site Development Plan • Development of structures outside the site.

• Investigation and analysis of the site

Space Planning • Space analysis of adjacent structures

• Space Program

• User analysis

• Space to space relationship

Architectural Design • Thorough study of the mental behaviors of patients

• Design of exterior and interior components of the mental health facility.

Structural Design

• Design and location of columns and beams. • Design of the structural integrity of walls, columns and beams.

Utility Layout • Specification of materials

• Layout of water, sanitary, and storm drainage of the mental facility. • Design of the water, sanitary and storm drainage layout of the facility.

• Layout of the electrical of the mental facility. • Design of the water, sanitary and storm drainage layout of the facility.

Cost and budget

CHAPTER 1.0 INTRODUCTION
Chapter
SITE SELECTION 1.0JUSTIFICATION
AND INTRODUCTION

Site Justification Process

Photo Documentation

Site

Site Inside Lot

Location Tolentino West, Tagaytay City
Lot Area 24,684 sqm more or less
Zoning Primary Urban Core
CHAPTER 1.0 INTRODUCTION
Chapter
SITE SELECTION 1.0JUSTIFICATION
AND INTRODUCTION

SWOT Analysis

Strength Opportunities
Weakness Threats Design Approach
Location of the Site The site will be beneficial to users to create a
Orientation of the Site The right side portion of the site will All service zones and utilities will
The site is free from noise pollution making it better healing environment.
suitable for a healthcare facility The right side of the site is facing be subjected to a hotter be placed on the right side of the
the south direction. environment. site development.

Topography of the Site The site can address the different zoning of
The site has a moderately sloping topography spaces.

Road Width The site might be subjected to - Provide drop-off area in site.
Accessibility to Transportation Target users will not have difficulty in going to Buenavista avenue road that is vehicular traffic especially holiday - Provide parking area in site in
The site can be accessible by any means of land the proposed project
along the site is only approximately seasons if circulation of the site is accordance to National Building
transportation.
6 meters wide. poorly designed. Code.

Accessibility to services and utilities - The proposed project can provide the basic
The site is accessible to other hospitals as well as needs of its users.
markets and pharmacies. It also has access to - The proposed project will not have difficulty in
power and water lines. connecting to power and water lines.
Abundant Rainfall The site might be subjected to -Use stormwater drainage system
The city’s annual rainfall is 2,546 water runoff and cause soil erosion - Avoid too much hardscapes so
Prone to Natural and Man made hazards The site can provide a safer and secured
mm with a peak of 459 mm in on site. that the ground can drain water mo
The site is not subjected to severe or extreme environment for the project
natural and man made hazards. August and low of 27 mm in easily.
February.

Climate The proposed project can promote natural

The site's cliamte is characterized by low ventilation system and therapeutic gardens.
temperature and low humidity.

Support facilities Can easily contact support groups to provide

The site is accessible to different retreat centers healing programs and activities for the patients.
and organizations that specializes in spiritual
healing and enlightenment.
CHAPTER 2.0 ARCHITECTURAL PROGRAMMING DATA
Chapter
SITE SELECTION 1.0JUSTIFICATION
AND INTRODUCTION
Macro Site Analysis
Physical Profile

The map shows the different barangays

in Tagaytay and the location of the site.

The map shows the location of

Tagaytay City in Province of Cavite.

Site

The map shows the location of

Province of Cavite in Luzon

- City of Tagaytay is located at the southern part of Province of Cavite, approximately 56 km away
from Metro Manila.
- Tagaytay City has a total land area of 6,500 hectares. It lies within 120o 56’ latitude and 14o 16’
longitude and overlooks Manila Bay on the north, Taal Volcano and Taal Lake on the south and Laguna
de Bay on the east.
The map shows the location of
- Tagaytay City is divided to thirty-four (34) barangays the site in Brgy. Tolentino
West.
CHAPTER 2.0 ARCHITECTURAL PROGRAMMING DATA
Chapter
SITE SELECTION 1.0JUSTIFICATION
AND INTRODUCTION
Nature of Soil Rock Formation
The basic types of soil that can be found in Tagaytay City are the
The two types of rocks found in Tagaytay City are volcanic rocks and clastic
Tagaytay sandy loam and Tagaytay loam. The central and
rocks. Volcanic rocks are made up chiefly of andesite and basalt lava flows
western portions of the city are covered by Tagaytay sandy loam.
with some interpolated pyroclastic rocks, while clastic rocks consist of
Soil Type Depth in cm Covered area Characteristics interbedded shale and sandstone with occasional thin leases of limestone, tuff
Tagaytay sandy loam 12-50 cm Central and western portions of The soil consists of dark
the city brown to nearly black, and reworked sandy tuffs, calcareous and partly tuffaceous shale.
friable and granular sandy
loam with a considerable
amount of volcanic sand.
The subsoil is dark brown
to very dark brown and
varies in texture from clay
loam to clay. It is
underlain by reddish-
brown to yellowish brown
adobe clay. This adobe
clay varies in depth
depending on the
Andesite Basalt Shale Sandstone
topography of the place
http://rocks.comparenature.com

Tagaytay loam 15-35 cm Eastern portion of the city The soil consists of thick Data Effect Approach
layer of brown to dark
brown loam containing ▪ Nature of Soil ▪ Loam soil has higher ▪ Avoid too much
more or less fine sandy water content that hardscape and
material. The soil is - The site is subjected to can lead to soil consider the depth of
moderately friable when
moist. In the disturbed Tagaytay sandy loam. erosion. footing during
condition, it becomes construction.
hard and cakes when dry.
This type of soil is easy ▪ Rock Formation ▪ Shale is used as ▪ Use shale as
to work on.
- Shale and sandstone aggregate in aggregate to
construction while conserve budget and
can be found in the site. sandstone are used sandstone as
for decoration. decorations.
Source : Socio – Economic Profile of Tagaytay City
CHAPTER 2.0 ARCHITECTURAL PROGRAMMING DATA
Chapter
SITE SELECTION 1.0JUSTIFICATION
AND INTRODUCTION
Slope Categories and Distribution Topography
Area Share Type Slope Characteristics Covered location

2210 34 A 0-2.5% Level to nearly level 34% of Type B

North of National
Very gently sloping or Highway leading to
715 11 B 2.6 - 5.0% undulating Batangas

Francisco, Iruhin,
Sungay, Tolentino,
390 6 C 5.1 - 10.0% Gently sloping San Jose

Calabuso, Dapdap,
Iruhin, Sungay,
Sambong, Kaybagal,
San Jose, Silang
520 8 D 10.1 - 18.0% Moderately sloping Crossing
Lands along the
1040 16 E 18.1 - 25.0% Strongly sloping ridge
Strongly hilly to Lands along the
1625 25 F Over 25.0 mountainous ridge

The photo shows the elevation of Tagaytay City

Data Effect Approach above sea level. The photo shows that the highest
point in the site is 577 above sea level.
The site is subjected to The site is buildable Can be beneficial to

5.1 to 10% slope and not subjected to PWD due to the natural

falling under “Gently any severe erosion sloping characteristics

Sloping “areas. incident. of the site.

CHAPTER 2.0 ARCHITECTURAL PROGRAMMING DATA
Chapter
SITE SELECTION 1.0JUSTIFICATION
AND INTRODUCTION
Climatological Data
Climate
Type 1 Climate, has 2 seasons, dry season from November to April, wet season from May to October.
Rainfall
Average of 2546 mm annual rainfall with a maximum of 380 – 459 mm.
Temperature Maximum Temperature – 30.1 C (April)
Minimum Temperature – 18.8 C (January)
Prevailing wind
Southeast monsoon prevails almost all throughout the year.

Temperature Rainfall

Data Effect Approach Data Effect Approach

Data shows that the hottest Patients can be agitated when Provide utilities where patients Data shows that Tagaytay Abundant rainfall and clay Apply storm water drainage

month of the year is on April exposed to too much sunlight. can cool off during summer, City is subjected to loam can lead to soil erosion. system to prevent the soil
and coldest during January. such as hydrotherapy pools.
abundant rainfall from from getting too much water

June to October content.

CHAPTER 2.0 ARCHITECTURAL PROGRAMMING DATA
Chapter
SITE SELECTION 1.0JUSTIFICATION
AND INTRODUCTION

Relative Humidity Wind speed and Direction

Data Effect Approach Data Effect Approach

Tagaytay City is Tagaytay will have a cooler Design with passive Southeast monsoon Building facing the Design the buildings in
temperature cooling in a way that they can
subjected to 78% prevails all throughout prevailing wind will
consideration. intercept the prevailing
humidity. the highest the year. have better ventilation. winds such as making it
Provide outdoor
from June to parallel to the
areas and activities.
prevailing wind.
September.
CHAPTER 2.0 ARCHITECTURAL PROGRAMMING DATA
2.1 SITE Chapter
SELECTION1.0
ANDINTRODUCTION
JUSTIFICATION

Land Use Plan

Primary Urban Core

The block enclosed by J.P. Rizal Avenue and the Tagaytay-

Nasugbu Road is the Primary Urban Core. Developments focus

on the provision of urban facilities and amenities such as hotels,

convention halls, parks and similar institutions. This area

revolves around the existing Tagaytay Centrum or the

government center.

Data Effect Approach

Site
The land use of the site The site will have no Follow the zoning
The map shows the proposed
Land Use Plan of Tagaytay, is appropriate for difficulty in coordinating ordinances set by the

where the proposed site is construction of a with the local local government
under the Primary Urban Core mental health facility. government about the pertaining to Primary
Zone.
construction of the Urban Core areas.

proposed facility.
CHAPTER 2.0 ARCHITECTURAL PROGRAMMING DATA

Chapter
SITE SELECTION 1.0JUSTIFICATION
AND INTRODUCTION
2.5 and 5 km Catchment Radius

Legend
Site
Hospitals/ Rehabilitation Centers
Churches
NGO Retreat Centers/ Recreational
Commercial / Markets/ Drugstores
CHAPTER 2.0 ARCHITECTURAL PROGRAMMING DATA
Chapter
SITE SELECTION 1.0JUSTIFICATION
AND INTRODUCTION
Site Topography Site Orientation

577 m

Due to lack of data concerning the topography and

slope of the site. The researcher provided an

illustration of the site base on his knowledge during

Data Effect Approach

his site visit. The south side of the lot Facilities will be subjected Put the service facilities and
utilities to the south part of
is subjected to a hot to a hotter climate.
site.
The site is subjected to 5.1 to 10% slope falling climate.

under the “Gently Sloping Area” under the Socio- The site is subjected to The site will have more Create open windows to
NE monsoon and SW winds on the areas take advantage of the
Economic Profile of Tagaytay City. monsoon. subjected to monsoon. winds.
CHAPTER 2.0 ARCHITECTURAL PROGRAMMING DATA
Chapter
RESEARCH FOCUS 1.0 INTRODUCTION
Color Psychology

the psychology of color is based on the mental and

emotional effects that colors have on people. It affects

how people would behave. It can also affect the present

condition of a person, for instance, warmer colors such

peach and yellow can improve loss of appetite of a

person. It can also change the perception of a person onto

a certain space; for example, monochromatic color

scheme can make a space or building feel institutional.

Color psychology is often used in healthcare facilities

Source : https://www.freshdesignpedia.com
because it maintains or improves the patient’s behavior.

Several clinical trials were conducted to come to a more

refined understanding of the effects of colors to people.

CHAPTER 2.0 ARCHITECTURAL PROGRAMMING DATA
Chapter
RESEARCH FOCUS 1.0 INTRODUCTION
Color and their Meaning (Nousiainen,2011) Objective of the Research

 To create a therapeutic environment for patients

Color Characteristics

Purity, brightness, trust and hope. Neutral and considered as

by applying color schemes based on its effect on a
White
a safe choice for spaces.
Black patient.
can calm people but too much may lead to depression.
means suffering and bad health. Not generally used for
Grey
healing spaces.  To turn the aesthetic aspect of the structure into a
Green can both calm and refresh people. Green is considered as
the main color of healing. functional feature.
Blue make people consider things calmly and not rushing.

Red can encourage people and strengthen their will.

Significance of the Research
Pink relieve anger and feelings of abandonment.
 To use properties of colors to create a more
radiates well-being and positive mood. Yellow is good
Yellow
especially in spaces with patients suffering from depression. therapeutic environment for patients.
Yellow and green are considered as healthy combination
 To use properties of colors not just for aesthetic
can help to bare grief and lost and can cure depression.
Orange
Suitable for trauma patients and their families.
use but also for functional use.
CHAPTER 2.0 ARCHITECTURAL PROGRAMMING DATA
Chapter
RESEARCH FOCUS 1.0 INTRODUCTION
Clinical Trials Recommendation for Application.

 Use color psychology on design process to create a more

therapeutic environment.

 Use warm colors in activity areas to empower or create a

more cheerful environment.

 The user’s behavior should be taken into consideration, so it

is easier to modify the color scheme that should be used on

the patient’s environment.

A clinical trial was done to determine which room has more stress  Color psychology can be integrated with wall coverings so
inducing properties. The left photo shows a hospital room with
that in times that the patients does not feel comfortable with
white walls while the right photo shows a hospital room with green
the color scheme applied, it can easily be changed or
walls.

managed.
The result show that patients within the white room experienced

more stress than the green room.

CHAPTER 2.0 ARCHITECTURAL PROGRAMMING DATA
Chapter
CASE STUDY 1.0 INTRODUCTION
OF RELATED WORKS

University of Arizona Medical Center South Campus

By Cannon Design + CDG Architects

University of Arizona Medical Center is a 96 bed Psychiatric

Hospital with a Crisis Response Center that prioritizes to serve

multiple methods of behavioral care. The facility’s program

offers outpatient, inpatient, and emergency care and performs

youth and adult assessment and stabilization

Analysis:

The study has given the researcher idea on how to plan

mental facilities. The facility has good zoning design and

also accessible to other healthcare facilities.

CHAPTER 2.0 ARCHITECTURAL PROGRAMMING DATA
Chapter
CASE STUDY 1.0 INTRODUCTION
OF RELATED WORKS

National Center for Mental Health

Mandaluyong City, Metro Manila

National Center for Mental Health (NCMH) is a 4200-

bed psychiatry hospital occupying a 47-hectare land in

Mandaluyong City, Metro Manila. The facility serves several

services such as adult and children psychiatry services, general

medicine and surgery, occupational and physical therapy,

dental services and emergency psychiatry services.

Analysis:
NCMH houses 28 pavilions and wards that includes

facilities such as medical infirmary, library, chapel, tennis The study has given the researcher the idea of what is

courts, basketball courts multipurpose halls and dormitories. lacking in mental hospitals in the Philippines. It also

Private rooms in infirmary are complete with utilities such as has a view of the current state of patients especially the

air conditioning unit, refrigerator, television and bathroom. schizophrenic patients.

CHAPTER 2.0 ARCHITECTURAL PROGRAMMING DATA
Chapter
CASE STUDY 1.0 INTRODUCTION
OF RELATED WORKS

Nepean Mental Health Centre

By Woods Bagot
South Wales, Australia

Nepean Mental Health Centre in Penrith, New

South Wales, Australia is a 64-bed mental health facility

that primarily serve high dependency, acute, and

specialist mental health services for elderly. It serves as

an extension of the existing Nepean Hospital Campus

and is designed to respond the increasing demand for

mental health services for the growing and aging

population.

Analysis:
The facility was able to build a therapeutic environment
for patients even though the lot is small. This will help
the researcher on how he can maximize the whole site.
CHAPTER 2.0 ARCHITECTURAL PROGRAMMING DATA
Chapter 1.0
SITE DEVELOPMENT INTRODUCTION
OPTIONS

SITE DEVELOPMENT OPTIONS 1

Outer Zone Second Zone

Deep Zone
Garden

Service Parking Area Inner Zone

Parking

SCHEMATIC SITE DEVELOPMENT PLAN

PERSPECTIVE VIEW

Design Approach
Option 1 show the orientation of the buildings is towards the wind direction. It is to maximize the passive cooling capabilities of the facility. It also
provide more green spaces for all users to create a more open and more therapeutic environment. It also motivates users to engage in outdoor activities.
CHAPTER 2.0 ARCHITECTURAL PROGRAMMING DATA
Chapter 1.0
SITE DEVELOPMENT INTRODUCTION
OPTIONS

SITE DEVELOPMENT OPTIONS 2

Outer Zone
Deep Zone
Second Zone

Courtyard

Garden

Parking Area Inner Zone

Service Parking Area

SCHEMATIC SITE DEVELOPMENT PLAN

PERSPECTIVE VIEW

Design Approach

Option 2 gives priority to the facility’s spaces to fully utilize the lot. Courtyard for the inner zone was provided to give privacy to patients due to the

lodging house adjacent to the space. The courtyard will also improve the natural lighting distribution to wards. Gardens were also provided for the staff and outpatient

department to give them a breathing space and a health environment.

CHAPTER 2.0 ARCHITECTURAL PROGRAMMING DATA
Chapter 1.0
SITE DEVELOPMENT INTRODUCTION
OPTIONS

SITE DEVELOPMENT OPTIONS 3

Deep Zone

Outer Zone
Garden

Parking Area
Service Parking Area Inner Zone
Second Zone

SCHEMATIC SITE DEVELOPMENT PLAN PERSPECTIVE VIEW

Design Approach

Option 3 considers the adjacency of service zone to the inner zone. In this option, service staff will not travel a long distance to cater the needs of

patients. The buildings were oriented to the wind direction to maximize passive cooling capabilities of the building.
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