Quantilyte

Electrolyte Analyzer

Service Manual
 Introduction

Section 1. Introduction

1.1 General Information ................................................................................................ 1

1.2 Safety ............................................................................................................................ 1
1.3 Technical Specifications .............................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
1.4 Other Safety Precautions............................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
1.5 Topographical Conventions ...................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Section 2. System Overview

Section 3. Installation

Section 4. System Checkout

Section 5. Preventative Maintenance

Section 6. Removal and Replacement

Section 7. Adjustment and Calibration

Section 8. Troubleshooting

Section 10. Drawings

Section 11. Appendix

 Introduction

Introduction

1.1 General Information

This manual is the reference to be used for troubleshooting, repair, and

maintenance of the Quantilyte. It is intended to be used by trained technicians and
engineers familiar with safety precautions. The procedures in this manual assume
that the reader is familiar with the operation of the Quantilye. Complete operating
instructions are contained in the operational manual and are not repeated in this
service manual unless there is a compelling reason to do so.

Note: This manual is designed to support the product. Regional service centres are
the first level of service, where faulty assemblies can be most effectively repaired at a
central repair facility. The second level of service is performed at our factory
instrument service facility where additional service procedures requiring resources
not available at regional service centres are performed.

1.2 Safety

The following safety instructions must be observed at all times during the
operation of the Quantilyte System. The operating manual must be kept near the
instrument and must be accessible to the user at all times.

The Quantilyte System is designed and manufactured in accordance with the

safety requirements for electronic and medical systems. If the law issues regulations
concerning the installation and/or operation of the instrument, then it is the
operator’s responsibility to adhere to them.

This equipment functions safely, both electrically and mechanically. The

systems are tested by the manufacturer, and supplied in a condition that allows safe
and reliable operation.

1.2.a General Safety

 Introduction

Follow all warnings and instructions marked on the instrument and in this
manual. The instrument must only be operated by personnel who have been trained
to use the system. It is strongly recommended that all first time personnel read this
manual prior to working with the instrument.

The instrument must only be used in accordance with its intended use. Use
only the consumables and accessories described herein (e.g. tubes). The
manufacturer assumes no liability for any damages, including those to third parties,
caused by improper use or handling of the system.

The operator may only perform the maintenance work described in this
manual. Use only the parts recommended in this manual for servicing. The tests and
maintenance work defined by the manufacturer should be performed to make sure
that the operator remains safe and that the instrument continues to function
correctly.

Trained, qualified and authorized service personnel and technicians must

perform any service and maintenance work not described in this manual. Any
changes made to the instrument that are not authorized by the manufacturer will
lead to an automatic loss of warranty.

1.2.b Electrical Safety

For safe electrical operation of the installed instrument the relevant regulatory
provisions have to be observed.

Check that the operating voltage is set correctly on all instrument components
before the system is connected to the main power supply. This product must be
operated from the type of power source indicated on the type label. If you are not
sure of the type of power available, consult an authorized sales person or your local
electric power company.
 Introduction

Use a 3-wire grounding type plug to connect the instrument and all
peripherals to the main supply. Use only extension cables with a protective conductor
and grounded contact. Grounding of the instrument and its peripherals devices to
the same protective earth potential must be ensured. Never interrupt the grounding
contacts. There is a potential risk of electric shock if the protective conductor is
interrupted within or outside the device, or if it has been disconnected.

The instrument must be connected with a delivered connection cable to a

dedicated socket. The use of a multi plug is not allowed.

Do not allow anything to rest on the power cord.

If you can see that the instrument has become unsafe to use, switch it off and
disconnect it from the main power supply. If liquid comes in contact with the
electronics of the instrument, switch it off and disconnect it from the main power
supply. Clean and dry the affected areas of the machine.

All system surfaces must be dry while operating the Quantilyte. Only bottles,
tubing, and components supplied and recommended for containing liquids on the
instrument are to be utilized in conjunction with this machine.

Spare fuses must match the values (nominal voltage, nominal current, and
type) specified by the manufacturer. Fuses that are non-functioning must be
replaced. Repair of fuses should not be attempted. Additionally, the fuse holder
should never be short circuited.

1.2.c Mechanical Safety

Do not place the instrument on an unstable or uneven surface. The instrument

may fall, causing serious damage to the instrument or injury to the user.

Never open screw-attached housing parts while the instrument is on. There is
a risk of injury due to moving parts, such as fans and motor drives.
 Introduction

Power should only be supplied to the instrument while directed to do so. If

power is supplied while any covers are removed, extreme caution must be exercised
while servicing the system.

The protective cover should not be removed during a run. Additionally, the
user should not reach into the working area as serious injury could result. Improper
handling may cause serious damage to the instrument or result in injury to the user.
Avoid touching the moving parts while the system is in operation.

Slots and openings are provided for ventilation and are not meant as access
points into the system. To ensure reliable operation of the instrument and to protect
from overheating, these openings must not be blocked or covered.

The instrument may have sharp edges. Sheet metal parts and circuit boards
located behind protective covers could have sharp edges and contact may lead to
minor injuries. When handling, cut resistant gloves should be worn and caution
should be exercised to avoid contact with corners and edges of the machine.

1.2.d Biological Safety

There is a risk of infection when handling samples and test reagents. Avoid
contact between skin and mucous membrane and samples/test reagents or any parts
of the instrument which comes into contact with samples/test reagents.

Any parts of the Quantilyte that have come into contact with samples/test
reagents are to be treated as being potentially infectious. Reagents can lead to
irritation of the skin and mucous membranes. Use personal protective equipment
(PPE, such as appropriate gloves, a lab coat, and eye protection). Observe the
instructions in the package inserts for proper use of all reagents.

1.2.e Warning

Only professional doctors and nurses can use this analyzer for clinical under
certain conditions. Before using this analyzer, users must check the device and its
accessories to ensure its proper function and safety.
 Introduction

Reagent should be disposed according to the regulations of the hospital.

Do not use this analyzer in an environment where flammable substances are

present to prevent fire and explosion.

Do not open the analyzer case. Otherwise it may cause electric shock.
Any services, upgrades should be conducted by authorized personnel.

The packaging material should be disposed according to local regulations and

should be kept in a place where no children can reach.

Connect this analyzer only to a power outlet with protective grounding.

Do not use any power outlets without grounding.

1.3 Technical Specifications

1.3.a Power Requirements

Voltage : 220 V + 22 V
Amperage : TBD
Frequency : 50 Hz + 1 Hz
Power Consumption : TBD

1.3.b Dimensions and Weight

Width : 27 cm
Depth : 38 cm
Height : 40 cm
Weight : 10 kg

1.3.c Normal Working Environment

 Introduction

Temperature Range : 10 – 30 deg C

Relative Humidity : < 70%
Atmospheric Pressure : 86 – 106 kPa

1.3.d Basic Parameters

K+, Na+, Cl-, iCa, nCa, TCa, pH, Li+, TCO2, AG

1.3.e Measuring Range & Measuring Precision

Range
Resolution Precision
Item (mmol/L
(mmol/L) (%CV)
)
0.5 –
K+ 0.01 < 1.5%
20.0
Na+ 15 – 200 0.1 < 1.5%
Cl- 15 – 200 0.1 < 1.5%
Ca2+ 0.1 – 6.0 0.01 < 2.5%
Li+ 0.2 – 5.0 0.01 < 2.0%
pH 4 – 9 pH 0.01 pH < 3.0%
2.0 –
TCO2 0.1 < 4.0%
70.0

1.3.f Clinical Electrolyte Range

Serum Urine
Item
(mmol/L) (mmol/L)
K+ 3.5 – 5.5 50 – 100
Na+ 135 – 145 130 – 217
Cl- 98 – 106 170 – 250
Ca2+ 1.09 – 1.35 -
TCO2 20 – 33 (Adult) -
 Introduction

1.3.f Slope Range

Item Slope Range

20 -70 mv/10 times
K+
Concentration
20 -70 mv/10 times
Na+
Concentration
20 -70 mv/10 times
Cl-
Concentration
15 -50 mv/10 times
Ca2+
Concentration
20 -70 mv/10 times
Li+
Concentration
20 -70 mv/10 times
pH
Concentration

1.4 Other Safety Precautions

Turn the unit off when not attended.

Avoid spilling any liquids onto the apparatus. Use only a paper towel or a
cloth wet with either water or alcohol to clean the outside surfaces of the Quantilyte.

Use only the power cables supplied with the Quantilyte.

Verify the display segments periodically.

1.5 Typographical Conventions

The symbols described here are used in the current manual, on the
instrument, and on its packaging. Warning messages are displayed using a
safety symbol.
 Introduction

Caution, Risk of Danger to person, or damage to

equipment. Consult instructions for use.

Biological Hazard Warning

Electrical Hazard Warning

 System Overview

System Overview

2.1 About this Section

This section of the manual provides an overview of the Quantilyte System

including theory of operation and circuit description.

2.2 Product Description

2.2.a General Description

Quantilyte Electrolyte Analyzer is based on advanced Ion-Selective Electrode

(ISE) technology and sensor technology. With the advantages of easy operation and
accurate measurement, it is a fast, accurate, convenient and practical clinical
instrument.

The instrument is intended use in hospitals to measure

K+、Na+、Cl-、Ca2+、Li ions and TCO2 as well as pH values, AG in

samples of whole blood, serum, plasma, urine solution(diluted).

This product has multi-parameter functions which can be selected, combined

and configured by the user according to his/her requirements. The instrument has 9
combination types:

Type A: K+ Na+ Cl-

Type B: K+ Na+ Cl- TCO2
Type C: K+ Na+ Cl- iCa nCa TCa pH
Type D: K+ Na+ Cl- iCa nCa TCa pH TCO2 AG
Type F: K+ Na+ Cl- Li+
Type H: K+ Na+ Cl- iCa nCa TCa pH Li+
Type I: K+ Na+ Cl- iCa nCa TCa pH Li+ TCO2 AG

2.2.b Electrode working principles

 System Overview

Ion selective electrode is a kind of electrochemical sensor (also called

electrode), the activity changes of specific ion could be converted into the electrical
potential changes of electrode, the relation according with Nernst equation.

“Ion-selective electrode” means that each electrode is only sensitive to one

type of ions. For example, the Na electrode is only sensitive to Na+, but not sensitive
to other ions.

The key component of electrode is the ion-selective membrane. The two sides
of membrane get contact with sample and internal Electrode Internal Solution
respectively. The side touching with sample is responding to the ion concentrations
change. The other side touch with internal Electrode Internal Solution, the conversion
from ion conduction to electron conduction is carried out by Ag/AgCl inner
electrode.

The reference electrode provides the reference potential to complete the

measuring circuit. This electric potential does not change along with ion
concentration, therefore providing a standard reference for measuring potential
difference.

2.2.c Measuring principles

The instrument applies ISE to measure the ion concentrations in the sample.

Refer to the following figure for the working principles of ISE.

1. Measured solution
2. Conjunctive point
3. Reference electrode
4. Ion selective electrode
5. Internal Electrode Internal Solution
6. Ion selective membrane

ISE is sensitive to the ion activity in the sample. When the ion concentration in
the sample is below 10-4M and activity coefficient is close to 1, the difference
 System Overview

between ion activity and concentration can be ignored (when concentration goes
over 10-4M, the activity coefficient decreases, and the difference increases.)
When ISE gets contact with the measured solution, the measured ion in the
sample goes to ISE membrane due to the diffusion effects of the concentration
difference, which creates a potential between measure electrode and reference
electrode. The potential than an ideal ISE creates for the

“X” ion can be described by the Nernst formula:

E0: Electrode standard potential
R: Gas constant
T: Absolute temperature
F: Faraday constant
Z: lon valence
a(x): Ion activity

2.2.d Equipment Introduction

Quantilyte Analyzer is composed by microprocessor, auto-sampling system,

ion detecting electrode, carbon dioxide detecting system, full-automatic sampling
plate and etc. Among them, the ion electrodes are made by imported materials
through special processing arts, their service life is generally two years. Primary
reagents used in Quantilyte Analyzer includes :

Excursion Calibration (A)

Slope Calibration (B)

These two types of liquid are used for calibration of the instrument. In
addition, there are several reagents used for washing and maintaining electrodes,
including:
Inside Liquid for Reference Electrode,
Inside Liquid for Test Electrode,
Wash Solution (C),
Activated Solution (D),
Electrode Wash Solution,
Excursion Calibration for Analyzer (A).
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Followings are added to carbon dioxide equipment:

Excursion Calibration (A) (CO2 Std. Liquid 1),
Slope Calibration (B) (CO2 Std. Liquid 2)
CO2 Acidic Wash Solution.

2.2.e Operational Instructions

Powering On

Before powering on the equipment, please make sure whether all the
reagents for calibrating are used out, whether the bottle of waste liquid is full
and whether all pipes are connected correctly. Upon powering on, the system
will conduct internal self-detection, diagnosing power supply, memory and
printer. Meanwhile, it will let the internal circuit enter heat-stable status. If the
result of self-detection is normal, the equipment will start washing the system.

System Washing

After self-detection, the equipment will wash the system. When

washing, the equipment will draw in standard liquid B and standard liquid A in
sequence to thoroughly wash sample needle and pipes. While the system is
being washed, user may observe the flowing of standard liquid A and B and
check whether there is any obstruction or leakage in any pipe. While the
system is being washed, please carefully observe if the flowing of solution in
the pipe and electrode socket is normal. In case the solution cannot be drawn
in or there are many bubbles, the obstruction or leakage should be fixed so as
to keep pipes tight and unobstructed. Upon the completion of system
washing, the equipment will enter activation procedure.

Activation
 System Overview

Before testing, the equipment needs some time for activation

processing. Please draw 110ml activated solution through sample needle to
electrode as per the instruction. Two purposes of the activation are:

1) make the electrodes stable as soon as possible

2) prolong the electrodes service life.

When activation, we suggest to control the activation time around 15 minutes;

the equipment’s default activation time is 30 minutes, after 30 minutes it will
automatically enter system calibration.

System Calibration

User may adjust activation time according to actual conditions. The

default activation time of the equipment is 30 minutes. In case of emergency,
user may start activation procedure in advance to conduct system calibration
and self-detection. The equipment is able to calculate the corresponding
slope of each electrode through calibration and store the data in equipment.
In addition, comparison of each electrode’s millivolts could be made
through two times of calibrations (cal A1, cal B1-> cal A2, cal B2) , so as to
judge the stability of each electrode. If A1-A2≤0.5,B1-B2≤0.5，then the
electrode shall be deemed as stable. Due to the aging of electrode, its stability
will get worse. The range of each electrode’s millivolts is 50—130. Due to the
aging of each electrode, their millivolts shall get lower. Upon the completion
of calibration, the equipment will automatically draw in Excursion Calibration
(A) for self-detection. If the result of self-detection is normal, the equipment
will enter next measuring procedure. If it is not normal, the equipment will
indicate the electrode, which is excursed. Then, relevant actions should be
taken to corresponding electrode according to the prompt of the equipment.
After the calibration, if the equipment is of CO2 calibration function, the
equipment will prompt whether start CO2 calibration. For CO2 calibration,
please select “YES”; otherwise, please select “NO”. Before using the CO2
function of the equipment for analyzing blood sample, user shall use the
 System Overview

“CO2 calibration Program” to calibrate the CO2 sensor. For normal operation,
it only requires one time of CO2 calibration in 2-3 days.

SampleMeasurement

After the self-detection is passed, the system will automatically conduct

self-cleaning. Then, it could test serum specimens. Before testing, it is best to
check if the slope of each electrode is within normal range. Generally, the
slope of calcium electrode should not be lower than 20 and others should not
be lower than 40. Otherwise, the test results will not be accurate. After passing
slope test, please test dissolved Quality Control Serum first to ensure the
accuracy of the test. Upon getting testing results, please check if the actual
testing values tally with the target values of Quality Control Serum. Serum
specimens could only be tested when the actual testing values are within the
range of target values of Quality Control Serum. If the results are out of the
range of target values of Quality Control Serum, it is necessary to conduct
quality control calibration to the equipment. The premise of quality control
calibrate is that the calibrating values of all electrodes are in stable range. If
calibrating values are not stable, calibrate should not be conducted. The
calibrate method is that: dissolve Quality Control Serum as per the instruction;
then, enter calibrate procedure and put the target value of each ion into the
equipment; the system will prompt inserting Quality Control Serum for
testing. At this moment, please insert in Quality Control Serum and draw it to
electrodes. Please be noted that the test of Quality Control Serum this time is
only for calculating calibrate factor, so the result will not be printed out.
After calibrate, the calibrate factor of each electrode will be stored in
the equipment. Then, test the Quality Control Serum as specimen for one or
two times. The results shall be very close to regulated target values.
Afterwards, number specimen serums in sequence and prepare for test. If
there are Quality Control serum of high and low values, two-point calibrate
could be made. It is suggested to use two-point calibrate for higher accuracy.
Please be noticed that the centrifugal separation of specimen serum should
be thorough, otherwise it may cause pipe obstruction. Even being thoroughly
 System Overview

centrifugal separated, some serum may still contain certain fibrinogen. It may
lead to obstruction when such serum is drawn to sample needle. Thus, user
should take care of it.

After testing all specimens, please use the Wash Solution (C)
accompanied to clean several times by selecting the cleaning procedure in the
menu. It shall thoroughly clean protein reside in pipes and on electrodes.
Cleaning is good for next measurement. For hospitals of little specimens, it is
necessary to thoroughly clean the system after testing a batch of specimens;
otherwise the residue protein shall get solid in pipes and on electrodes in the
following few days that may lead to obstruction. Power off the equipment
after the cleaning is done. If the equipment will not be used for a long time, it
is best to dismount pumping pipes to prevent aging and adhesion.

Cautions for Operation

1. During drawing samples, do not draw in clotting in order to prevent

pipe obstruction.

2. During drawing samples, do not draw in bubbles; otherwise the testing

results may not be reliable.

3. Do not use moldy or cloudy solution or those of sediment.

4. Another calibration is required when the number of tested samples is

between 10-15, or the equipment is not going to be used for a long
time after last calibration.

5. The bottles of all reagents should be fastened after using; avoid open
for long time.

6. Before conducting quality control calibrate, please conduct calibration

to the equipment to make it stable.
 System Overview

7. If the membrane pipe of electrode is obstructed, please pull off the

needle of injector and draw in distilled water for reverse cleaning.

8. If the electrode is not going to be used for a long time, it should be

cleaned, dried and sealed.

During Maintaining

1. If the pipe and electrode is obstructed, please take off pumping pipes
and use the injector (put off need and put on soft pipe) to draw in
distilled water for reverse cleaning. Let water get out from sample
needle. It is prohibited to use needle to punch through the membrane
pipe in order to prevent from damaging electrode.

2. If the electrode is not going to be used for a long time, please use
distilled water to wash away the residue liquid inside the membrane
pipe of electrode, then seal and store it.

3. It is suggested to conduct activation treatment to electrode every day.

Samples’ Collection and Treatment

Samples’ collection and treatment should be done by professional personnel

so as to avoid hemolysis which may affect measuring results. In addition,
please be noticed of followings:

Whole blood sample:

 System Overview

1 Whole blood sample should use heparin sodium or heparin lithium as

anticoagulants. Other anticoagulants may lead to errors of testing results.

2 The test tubes and injectors should be pre-treated by heparin anticoagulant

evenly and shall have no residual in order to prevent the obvious increase of
Na in the test results.

3 Whole blood samples should be analyzed within one hour since the
collection so as to avoid errors caused by sample transformation. Pipes should
be cleaned after the measurement.

Serum and plasma samples:

1 Serum and plasma samples stored in refrigerator could be used for analysis.
However, before analyzing, their temperature should be returned to normal.

2 When preparing serum samples, do not add wrong substances (e.g. surface
active agent, anticoagulant), which may affect the measurement results or
damage sensors.

Urine Sample：

Before testing, use urine dilution to dilute the sample to 10 times (1:9). It is
recommended to use boric acid as the anticorrosive of urine sample in order
to prevent disturbances caused by other anticorrosive.

Cautions for CO2Part

1. The calibration value of CO2 and the calibrate factors of K, Na, Cl, Ca will
still be stored in the equipment after powering off. But if the batteries
are exhausted, the data will be lost. Thus, when batteries are exhausted
or the CO2 test is abnormal, it needs to conduct CO2 calibration.
 System Overview

2. If the CO2 test is abnormal, please check according to following

procedures:

a. Conduct CO2 calibration, if the testing results are still not right after
calibration, please check as follows；

b. If the pipe or waste liquid tube on CO2 reaction pool is in place; if

there is any leakage;

c. If the pumping pipe of reaction liquid is installed reversely.

d. If reaction liquid is used out. With regard to the replacement of

reaction liquid, never wait until it is used out. In case the reaction liquid are
used out, please manually turn the pumping head for drawing reaction liquid
until the pumping pipe is full of reaction liquid. Otherwise the pumping pipe
will be empty in the first several tests. If the reaction liquid can not get in, the
test results of CO2 value will not be right.

e If the result still vary from standard CO2 quality control value, please
input calibrate factor in the CO2 calibrate program. For example, if input 1.2,
then the test result will be multiplied by 1.2. The factor will be automatically
stored in the equipment, no need to input every time.

3 When drawing samples，do not draw in blood clotting, otherwise it may

lead to the variation of CO2 value and affect later measurement. If the CO2 is
found to be abnormal with poor repeatability, please use protein liquid to
clean the pipes and reaction pool.

Cautions for Equipment Calibrate

1 Equipment may adopt single-point calibrate and two-point calibrate and it

can also calibrate any electrode or several electrodes.
 System Overview

Single-point calibrate：When calibrating any electrode or electrodes, please

by pass those electrodes do not need calibrate. The default value is
000.00；to calibrate, please input target value. When the screen prompt
inserting in testing liquid, please insert in the quality control liquid whose
target value is just inputted.

Double-point calibrate：It is suggested to measure quality control of low

target value at the first point calibrate, and measure quality control of high
target value at the second point. Like the single point calibrate, please by pass
those electrodes do not need calibrate. Do not use quality control liquid of
the same target value to conduct two-point calibrate, otherwise the
measuring results will be the same. In this case, please clean calibrate factor.

2 No matter single-point or two-point calibrate, for those electrodes which

don’t need calibrate, please don’t change their default value which is
000.00; press YES to by pass it. After the completion of calibrate, make sure to
check if the calibrate factors are right.

3 When the data is in disorder, please clean calibrate factors.

3. EquipmentMaintenance

To keep the equipment in good working status, it is necessary to regularly

maintain it. It
should be noticed that it is best to have a special person to maintain the
equipment. The person responsible for maintenance should explain the
importance of maintenance to all users of the equipment in the daily
operations.

Daily maintenance
 System Overview

1. It is suggested to dismount the pumping pipe after the powering off to

prevent the adhesion. But if the equipment is going to be powered on
again in 24 hours, no need to dismount the pumping pipe.
2. Regularly check the remaining of Excursion Calibration (A), Slope
Calibration (B) and CO2 Acidic Wash Solution
3. Check pipes and liquid flow system and keep them unobstructed.
4. Empty the waste liquid in the waste liquid bottle everyday and clean it.

Weekly maintenance
1. Check the electrode measuring pool every week; remove residual
solution and sample; keep the electrode measuring space clean.

2. Check the remaining of the liquid in reference electrode every week.

Make sure that the Ag/AgCl inside reference electrode is always
immersed in inside liquid. If the inside liquid is reduced, please add it
through the small hole on the right-top of reference electrode by
injector. Make sure the small hole is unobstructed.

3. Execute the electrode protein-removing program in the service

programs every week. Use the protein-removing liquid with enzymes to
conduct one time protein-removing treatment.

Maintenance of major accessories

1. All pipes in the equipment should be dismounted and soaked in

distilled water at least every two months. Then wash them clean.

2. If the inside liquid of reference electrode is cloudy, it should be replaced

in time, if necessary, replace the reference electrode.
3. Regularly check the inside liquid of K, Na, Cl, Ca, pH and Li electrodes; if
the liquid level of inside liquid is lower than the Ag-rod of electrode or
 System Overview

get cloudy, please add inside liquid in time or replace corresponding

electrode.

4. Troubleshooting

Valve fault

1. Check if the fastening screws on the valve core as well as the motor
rotation shaft are fastened tightly and in right place.

2. Check if the valve core is too tight and cannot rotate due to being
unused for a long time

Plate fault

1. If the fastening screw in the middle of plate is loose, just fasten it.

2. If the plate is hard to be turned, check if there is anything blocking in it.

Prevent dirties getting in to the bottom of plate.

Causes of and solutions to discomforts in drawing in samples

If it is uncomfortable when drawing in samples, please check section-by-

section, starting from the pumping pipe. Check following parts:
 System Overview

1. Check if there is any adhesion, leakage or fatigue in the pumping pipes.

If there is adhesion, the pumping pipe shall produce abnormal sound; if
there is fatigue, please take off the pumping pipe and do massage for a
while, or replace a new one.

2. Check if the connecting pipe of each joint (including pipes between

electrodes and valves, as well as those between electrodes and
pumping pipes) is inserted well.

3. If any pipe or electrode is obstructed, please take off pumping pipe and
use injector (take off needle and put on soft pipe) to draw in distilled
water for reverse cleaning. Let water out from sample drawing needle.

4. Another common cause of discomfort in drawing in samples is that

there is protein residue in all pipes and especially on joints; the problem
shall still exist even after replacing new pumping pipe. In this case, the
method is to take off joints and wash them clean.

5. Solution to the obstruction of dispatch valve：

put sample-drawing pipes of A Std. and B Std. in an empty bottle. Get an

injector and take off its needle. Put on a section of pipe and connect the other
end to the outlet in the middle front of dispatching valve. Make the injector
full of distilled water. Power on the machine and inject in distilled water when
the system is washing dispatching valve. Distilled water shall flow to the waste
liquid bottle through sample-drawing pipes of A Std. and B Std. respectively.
Repeat above cleaning procedures. Finally, replace reagents. On the electrode
socket, there is a stainless steel pipe on the left of
K electrode; the small hole on it could be stabbed by needle directly.
 System Overview

6 Electrodes：Electrode is obstructed due to the accumulation of

hemoglobin.

Solution：Take off electrodes and check one by one. After finding out the
obstructed
electrode, use an injector (with pipe, no needle) to draw in “protein-
removing liquid” and inject into obstructed electrode. After immersing for 3
minutes, use distilled water to clean it.

Causes of and solutions to electrode excursion

1）The small opening on the right top of reference electrode is obstructed by

salt crystallization – use needle to get it through.

2）There are bubbles in electrode chamber – swing bubbles off forcefully.

3）There is not enough inside liquid for electrode, the liquid level is below
Ag-rod and can not be sensed – add in inside liquid for electrode.

4）There is too much inside liquid for electrode, the liquid not be more than
2/3—3/4 of the chamber volume.

5）The coating on the Ag-rod of reference electrode falls off or gets white –
replace the Ag-rod or reference electrode.

6） The most common cause of electrode excursion is that the grounding is

not connected well – please have electrician to check the grounding.

7）Check if the excursed gold-plating head of electrode do not contact with

signal socket.

8)）Voltage is not stable – it is best to use a UPS or regular power supply of

good performance.
 System Overview

9）Avoid electromagnetic interference – keep high power equipment away

from this equipment, use independent power supply.
10）If all electrodes are excursed, please check if the reference electrode is
expired; in case there are bubbles around reference membrane, swing them
off forcefully.

11）If all calibration values are 240, then it is generally caused by bubbles in
the reference electrodes or testing liquid (sometimes bubbles are tiny and
hard to be identified). In this case, please take off the reference electrode and
flick the bottom of electrode (below the Ag-rod) with fingers repeatedly
.
12）After the electrode’s protein-removing process or when the equipment
has not been calibrated for a long time, the first self-detection may out of
control. Just activate it for 1-2 hours and then conduct calibration.

If the electrode slope is low, how to handle it?

Low electrode slope may cause poor linearity, and sometime may affect the
repeatability of electrode. The major causes are:

1）There are too much protein attached on electrode membrane pipe；

2）The temperature is too low or the humidity is too large；

3）The service life is expired. In the third case, user may need to replace
electrode; in the first case, user may treat it use protein-removing liquid.In the
second case, if the humidity is too large, use moisture-removing machine to
remove
moisture; if the temperature is too low, increase the indoor temperature. If the
above two methods
could not be provided, use a blow drier to heat the measuring pool and
remove moisture.
 System Overview

Common Parts Easily Get Obstructed

1）Dispatching valve：If it is not washed thoroughly and unused for a
long time, reagents
may get crystallized in the dispatching valve.
2）Electrodes：Get obstructed due to the accumulation of hemoglobin.
Method：Take off electrodes and check one by one. After finding out the
obstructed
electrode, use an injector (with pipe, no needle) to draw in “protein-
removing liquid” and inject
into obstructed electrode. After immersing for 3 minutes, use distilled water
to clean it
3 ） Obstruction of pipes of sample-drawing needle: the same problem
caused by protein
accumulation or drawing in clotting.。
Method：Wash with distilled water.
Abnormal values in testing blood samples and solutions to it
When testing blood samples, if there is any abnormal value, please check
according to
following procedures:
1 ） If there is any large-power appliance (e.g. centrifuge, refrigerator)
working or having
electricity leakage, causing fluctuant voltage.
2） If have drawn in any clotting.
3）Check if the container of blood sample is polluted, if there is any residual
substance such as
disinfectant.
4） Check if the calibration factors are right, if there is any abnormity, clean
them.
5） Check if the equipment has not been calibrated for a long time,
calibration again and then
test it.
Reference Electrode
 System Overview

Reference electrode provides a standard electric potential for other

electrodes. If the reference
electrode is unstable, all electrodes will get unstable. After certain serving
time, the saturated KCl
inside the reference electrode will gradually percolate out and the inside
liquid will be reduced.
Add inside liquid when necessary.
Adding inside liquid for reference electrode:
1) Use an injector to draw in certain inside liquid, add it through the small
hole on the right
top of reference electrode (do not fill it full)；
2) Regularly check and make sure the small hole is not obstructed by salt
crystallization.
3) If all calibration values are 240, then there are generally caused by bubbles
in the reference
electrodes or testing liquid (sometimes bubbles are tiny and hard to be
identified). In this case,
please take off the reference electrode and flick the bottom of electrode
(below the Ag-rod)
with fingers repeatedly.
4) Regularly check reference electrode; if there is any salt crystallization on its
surface, please
clean it, otherwise it may lead to unstable measurement.
Common Problems of CO2 Part
1）If there are little specimens and the equipment is not used for emergency
treatment, it is
best to take off the higher and lower pumping pipes, especially the lower
pumping pipe. For the
higher and lower pumping pipe are usually sealed well, so they are very tight.
If they are left
un-removed for a long time, they may get aged and sticky quickly (especially
pumping pipe for
 System Overview

adding reaction liquid). It may lead to the insufficiency of transferred CO2 and
low value of CO2.
But if the equipment is going to be powered on in 24 hours, then there is no
need to take them off.
(When putting pumping pipes back, make sure they are not installed
reversely, otherwise samples
could not be drawn in).
2）CO2 should be calibrated every 1-3 days so as to keep the result of CO2
reliable and
accurate.
CO2 value is low：Caused by short of reaction liquid due to that the pumping
pipe of reaction
liquid get sticky.
Solution：Take off the pumping pipe first and separate the stuck part;
then put the
pumping pipe back and manually turn the pumping pipe of reaction liquid
to draw in
“reaction liquid” until the “reaction liquid” drop in reaction pool.
CO2 value is high：It may be caused due to being calibrated for a long
time
Solution：Conduct CO2 calibration again.