Minor Prophets
Minor Prophets
Minor Prophets
by Dan Melhus
A Study of the Minor Prophets Table of Contents
Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................ 1
WHO ARE THE PROPHETS?................................................................................................................... 5
HOW CAN WE UNDERSTAND THE MESSAGE OF THE PROPHETS?.......................................... 7
OBADIAH..................................................................................................................................................... 9
BACKGROUND ................................................................................................................................. 9
DATE ............................................................................................................................................... 9
AUTHOR .......................................................................................................................................... 10
THEME ............................................................................................................................................ 12
OUTLINE ......................................................................................................................................... 13
QUESTIONS ...................................................................................................................................... 15
LESSONS.......................................................................................................................................... 16
JOEL ........................................................................................................................................................... 17
BACKGROUND ................................................................................................................................. 17
DATE ............................................................................................................................................... 17
AUTHOR .......................................................................................................................................... 18
THEME ............................................................................................................................................ 19
OUTLINE ......................................................................................................................................... 20
QUESTIONS ...................................................................................................................................... 22
LESSONS.......................................................................................................................................... 24
JONAH........................................................................................................................................................ 25
BACKGROUND ................................................................................................................................. 25
DATE ............................................................................................................................................... 25
AUTHOR .......................................................................................................................................... 26
THEME ............................................................................................................................................ 27
OUTLINE ......................................................................................................................................... 28
QUESTIONS ...................................................................................................................................... 30
LESSONS.......................................................................................................................................... 32
HOSEA........................................................................................................................................................ 33
BACKGROUND ................................................................................................................................. 33
DATE ............................................................................................................................................... 34
AUTHOR .......................................................................................................................................... 34
THEME ............................................................................................................................................ 35
OUTLINE ......................................................................................................................................... 36
QUESTIONS ...................................................................................................................................... 38
LESSONS.......................................................................................................................................... 42
AMOS.......................................................................................................................................................... 43
BACKGROUND ................................................................................................................................. 43
DATE ............................................................................................................................................... 43
AUTHOR .......................................................................................................................................... 43
THEME ............................................................................................................................................ 45
OUTLINE ......................................................................................................................................... 46
QUESTIONS ...................................................................................................................................... 48
LESSONS.......................................................................................................................................... 52
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Table of Contents A Study of the Minor Prophets
MICAH........................................................................................................................................................ 53
BACKGROUND ................................................................................................................................. 53
DATE ............................................................................................................................................... 54
AUTHOR .......................................................................................................................................... 54
THEME ............................................................................................................................................ 55
OUTLINE ......................................................................................................................................... 56
QUESTIONS ...................................................................................................................................... 58
LESSONS.......................................................................................................................................... 60
NAHUM ...................................................................................................................................................... 61
BACKGROUND ................................................................................................................................. 61
DATE ............................................................................................................................................... 61
AUTHOR .......................................................................................................................................... 61
THEME ............................................................................................................................................ 62
OUTLINE ......................................................................................................................................... 63
QUESTIONS ...................................................................................................................................... 65
LESSONS.......................................................................................................................................... 66
ZEPHANIAH.............................................................................................................................................. 67
BACKGROUND ................................................................................................................................. 67
DATE ............................................................................................................................................... 68
AUTHOR .......................................................................................................................................... 68
THEME ............................................................................................................................................ 69
OUTLINE ......................................................................................................................................... 70
QUESTIONS ...................................................................................................................................... 72
LESSONS.......................................................................................................................................... 76
HABAKKUK .............................................................................................................................................. 77
BACKGROUND ................................................................................................................................. 77
DATE ............................................................................................................................................... 77
AUTHOR .......................................................................................................................................... 77
THEME ............................................................................................................................................ 79
OUTLINE ......................................................................................................................................... 80
QUESTIONS ...................................................................................................................................... 82
LESSONS.......................................................................................................................................... 84
HAGGAI ..................................................................................................................................................... 85
BACKGROUND ................................................................................................................................. 85
DATE ............................................................................................................................................... 86
AUTHOR .......................................................................................................................................... 86
THEME ............................................................................................................................................ 87
OUTLINE ......................................................................................................................................... 88
QUESTIONS ...................................................................................................................................... 90
LESSONS.......................................................................................................................................... 93
ZECHARIAH ............................................................................................................................................. 95
BACKGROUND ................................................................................................................................. 95
DATE ............................................................................................................................................... 95
AUTHOR .......................................................................................................................................... 95
THEME ............................................................................................................................................ 97
OUTLINE ......................................................................................................................................... 98
QUESTIONS ...................................................................................................................................... 100
LESSONS.......................................................................................................................................... 108
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A Study of the Minor Prophets Table of Contents
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A Study of the Minor Prophets Introduction
INTRODUCTION
The true prophets in the Old Testament were loyal servants of God and
convinced foes of idolatry. They often risked their lives by confronting
wicked kings, princes or ruler with the Word of God. They poured their
souls into their pleas that sinners repent and turn back to God.
In Israel, there was a long history of individuals who served as the
Lord’s messengers to the nation and to the world. Abraham functioned as a
prophet when he interceded for a sinner, but it was Moses whom the Lord
first called and instructed in the ministerial role of a prophet (Exo. 3:1).
Moses in fact was the greatest of the Old Testament prophets (Num. 12:6)
and his experience as a prophet became a paradigm for later prophets as the
vocabulary and relationships of the divine communication through Moses
became standard for God’s revelations to other true prophets (Deut. 18:15)
Such terms as “send,” “go,” “speak,” and “I will” were commonly used by
the Lord to prophets, and they themselves frequently admonished their
audiences to “hear” because “thus says the Lord.”
Several elements often characterize the relationships between the Lord,
the prophets and their hearers:
1. the authority of the Lord over both the prophets and their
audiences;
2. the obedience of the prophets, though sometimes with initial
protest;
3. the authority of the prophets as representatives of the sovereign
God;
4. the requirement of the audience to choose covenant obedience or
disobedience;
5. the report of the prophet back to the Lord in the form of prayer
The prophetic books are largely written in the style of Hebrew poetry.
Although the prophets do not explain their choice of the poetic genre, it is
likely they did so for at least three reasons;
1. Poetry can speak powerfully to the will and emotions; the prophets
did not wish simply to inform their audiences, but to move them to
action as well.
2. Poetry, with its stress on symbolism and imagery is sometimes
better suited than prose to convey the wonders of God and His
character which are at the heart of the prophets’ messages.
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Introduction A Study of the Minor Prophets
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A Study of the Minor Prophets Introduction
century), the Latin church employed the term “Minor” because of their
brevity as compared with the “Major Prophets”.
A correct study of the prophets will first seek to understand the
conditions existing at the time the prophet lived. We should read the
message as though we were living in that day and could make the primary
applications according to the political and spiritual conditions that existed.
After we understand what the meaning would have been to the prophet’s
hearers, we are then able to make applications to our own day. History does
have a way of repeating itself, and rich and powerful lessons can be gleaned
for today as parallels are developed. Faith in God is increased by having this
inspired insight into the immutability of God’s word. Wisdom will be
gained by understanding the choices God would have us make when
conditions are similar to those of ages past.
It is a mistake to think of the biblical prophets primarily as predictors of
the future. To be sure, prediction was an essential part of their preaching,
but their primary function was to call people to obedience and dependence
upon God. The contents of prophetic messages were shaped by God’s
covenant with His people and by the particular historical circumstance of the
individual prophet. The covenant was established to make Israel a holy
nation that worshiped only the one true God. But the history of Israel was
characterized by persistent rebellion against God, and these rebellions had a
marked impact on how the prophetic messages were framed and presented.
These messages often took the form of “lawsuits” initiated by God against
His people for breach of covenant. The prophetic lawsuit typically included:
1. arraignment in the divine court;
2. accusations
3. pronouncement of judicial sentence
4. description of coming punishment
5. promise of restoration
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A Study of the Minor Prophets Who Are the Prophets
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A Study of the Minor Prophets How Can We Understand the Message
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How Can We Understand the Message A Study of the Minor Prophets
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A Study of the Minor Prophets Obadiah
OBADIAH
“Servant of Jehovah”
BACKGROUND
The hatred Edom held for their blood brothers, Israel, goes back to the
time when their father Esau was born. (Gen. 25:22; 27; 32; 33)
The Edomites dwelt in Mt. Seir at the south end of the Dead Sea. This
territory is also referred to as Idumea. They constantly showed indignation
against Israel, even refusing simple passages through their land when Israel
first came from Egyptian captivity (Num. 20:14).
The pride of Edom and the perpetual hatred for God’s people brought
the wrath of the Lord against this land. Even in later years Edom stood
ready to rejoice over every setback endured by Israel and Judah, never
helping but always gloating.
The history of the Edomites continued through the period of the Herods.
The father of Herod the Great was Antipater from Idumea. However, after
the destruction of Jerusalem in 70 AD, the Idumeans disappeared from
history – a certain fulfillment of the prophecies of Obadiah, Isaiah, Jeremiah,
Ezekiel, and others.
DATE
The book is undated. The principal clue to the date of its writing is in
verses 11, 14. “In the day that you stood on the other side” alludes to the
events of 2 Kings 8:20, 2 Chr. 21:16, when the Edomites and others rebelled
against King Jehoram early in the ninth century.
If the reference is to Psalm 137:7; 2 Chr. 36:20; Eze. 25:13, the
prophecy would be later than 586 BC.
The more likely view is that 2 Chr. 28:16 is the reference and that the
time was mid eighth century, during the reign of Ahaz of Judah. This would
be the time when Edom and the Philistines were associated in warfare
against Judah. Internal evidences supporting this idea for both nations are
listed in Obadiah 19.
The date supported by this author is 845 BC.
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Obadiah A Study of the Minor Prophets
AUTHOR
The name of several Old Testament characters:
1. The governor of Ahab’s household who “feared Jehovah
greatly” but who seemed to fear Ahab even more.
1 Kings 18:3
2. Head of a household of David’s descendants
1 Chr. 3:21
3. A chief man of Issachar in David’s time
1 Chr. 7:3
4. One of the six sons of Azel, a Benjamite
1 Chr. 8:38
5. A Levite who returned early from captivity.
1 Chr. 9:16
6. One of the maritial Gadites who joined David in the wilderness.
1 Chr. 12:9
7. Father of Ishmaiah, a prince of Zebulun in the days of David
1 Chr. 27:19
8. One of the five princes of Judah whom Jehoshaphat sent out to
teach the people of Judah the law of the Lord
2 Chr. 17:7
9. A Levite of the Merarite family, whom Josiah made an overseer
of repairing the temple
2 Chr. 34:12
10. A Jew who led back 218 men in Ezra’s return from captivity.
Ezra 8:9
11. A priestly covenanter with Nehemiah
Neh. 10:5
12. A gate- keeper of Jerusalem in Nehemiah’s time
Neh. 12:25
13. The prophet who wrote the book of Obadiah
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A Study of the Minor Prophets Obadiah
THEME
The message of Obadiah is twofold; 1) the fall of Edom because of its
pride and cruelty against Israel, and 2) the exaltation of Zion when Seir, the
Edomite counterpart of Zion, would be cast down. The rescued of both
Israel and Edom will be in Zion, for in it the redeemed will be found.
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Obadiah A Study of the Minor Prophets
THEME OF OBADIAH
Woe to all
Who consider only the present and not the future
“For the day of the Lord draws near on all the nations.
As you have done, it will be done to you.
Your dealings will return on your own head.”
Vs. 15
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A Study of the Minor Prophets Obadiah
OUTLINE OF OBADIAH
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A Study of the Minor Prophets Obadiah
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Obadiah A Study of the Minor Prophets
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A Study of the Minor Prophets Joel
JOEL
“Jehovah is God”
BACKGROUND
The prophecy was occasioned by a calamity that befell the land from
locusts and drought and from fires that followed in their wake. Some think
the locusts were an invading army, and that the prophet used the terror of
swarms of locusts, followed by drought and fire, as a figurative description
of the devastation left by the invaders. The stronger possibility is that theses
were literal locusts from which the prophet draws his lesson and his strong
call to repentance. Unless there is repentance and righteousness of life on
the part of the nation, the locusts will be followed by a stronger and more
severe judgment, and invasion by the nations.
A plague of locusts devastates the land of Judah, and Joel describes the
locusts as an "army" of the Lord. This terrible judgment of the Lord should
bring them to repentance, and if it does a promise of blessing will be
forthcoming.
The theme of the book of Joel is a call to repentance. "The day of the
Lord" (1:15; 2:1,11,31; 3:14) represents both a day of terror and blessings.
Joel is perhaps best remembered because of Peter's affirmation on Pentecost
that the outpouring of the Holy Spirit was the fulfillment of Joel's prophecy
(Joel 2:28-32; Acts 2:17-21).
DATE
The date for the book of Joel is uncertain. Scholars give varying reasons
for dates ranging from as early as 900 BC to as late as 400 BC.
Earlier date argument - No reference is made to Assyria (760 BC) nor to
Babylon which followed. The enemies mentioned are Philistines,
Phoenicians, Egyptians, and Edomites rather than those of the exile period.
Later date argument - Only Judah is mentioned and not Israel. No king
is mentioned, neither the high places nor the idolatry which are all
conditions of an earlier period.
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Joel A Study of the Minor Prophets
AUTHOR
The name Joel means "Jehovah is God." This was a common name
among the Jews. There are at least a dozen other men so named in the Bible.
(Samuel's oldest son, 1 Sam. 8:2; one of David's valiant men, I Chr. 11:38).
However, like Obadiah, no information exists about the man who wrote this
book which bears his name. We are simply told he was "the son of Pethuel."
(1:1)
THEME
The message of the book is the doom of the nations and the ultimate
glory of Jehovah’s cause. The invading locust army is to be looked upon by
the people of God as a warning to them, out of which came the urgent call
from God for repentance. The locusts, drought, and fires heralded the “day
of Jehovah,” which could be averted only by genuine repentance. If they
would repent, the “day of Jehovah” would be one of destruction upon the
enemies of God and deliverance for those who trust in Him.
Whether an army of locusts or a literal army, it was led by Jehovah; He
was directing the campaign. The book is an appeal form Jehovah to the
people to seek Him through repentance. Out of this repentance there would
come material blessings followed by an outpouring of spiritual blessings.
Although other prophets may have intimated or indicated the coming of the
Holy Spirit, Joel is the one who makes a clear prediction of His coming.
Because of this prophecy, Joel is sometimes referred to as “the prophet of
Pentecost.”
Though the book begins in gloom, it closes with the a bright and
glorious day to come.
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A Study of the Minor Prophets Joel
THEME OF JOEL
REPENT!
(1:5-7; 12-14; 2:12-15; 2:17; 3:4-7)
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Joel A Study of the Minor Prophets
OUTLINE OF JOEL
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Joel A Study of the Minor Prophets
10. Find the places "before them" occurs, and what happens each time.
11. With what does God want the people to return to him?
What 3 fold activity will demonstrate this repentance?
12. When the people and priests weep, what do they say to the Lord?
14. Who is told not to fear when God answers the prayer?
15. What 4 things will the people "know" after God's activity?
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A Study of the Minor Prophets Joel
17. What will happen to those who call on the name of the Lord?
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Joel A Study of the Minor Prophets
• Calamity tends to turn men and make them more willing to hear
• Those who live in sinful rebellion to God should tremble at the judgment
coming
• God will render just and severe judgment to those who refuse to obey
• God’s people are under His protection and need not fear even in times of
persecution
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A Study of the Minor Prophets Jonah
JONAH
“Dove”
BACKGROUND
Jonah was told to go to the Gentile city of Nineveh which was
approximately 500 miles northeast of Palestine. Nineveh was the capital of
Assyria a rising world power which was feared by all because of its
ruthlessness. Eventually this brutal nation conquered Israel, and led Samaria
captive in 722 BC.
Jonah explained why he did not want to go to Nineveh in chapter 4:3. It
was not the distance because he caught a ship headed for Tarshish 2,000
miles in the opposite direction. Jonah wished to leave these enemies of
God's people to their own doom.
Modern theologians have long acclaimed the book of Jonah as a myth,
allegory, or parable. Unbelievers discredit the book because it reveals that
which is miraculous. But when they mock the possibility of the story of
Jonah and the whale as though it were a fairy tale, they reveal their own
unbelief in the power of God and the integrity of the scriptures as a whole.
Three basic reasons argue for its authenticity.
1. An unprejudiced reading of the book reveals nothing to suggest
anything other than the narrative was intended as an historical
record of an actual fact.
2. The Jews who first received the book accepted its historicity and
included it without doubt as belonging in the canon of Hebrew
scriptures. Why would they accept a story that stressed mercy to
the Gentiles, especially so, if it were based on a myth?
3. Jesus Christ confirmed the story of Jonah and regarded it as much
an historical fact as His own resurrection. To accept one is to
accept the other, and vice versa, Mt. 12:39; Lk. 11:29; Mt. 16:4.
DATE
In 2 Kings 14:23-27 fixes the time of Jonah during the later years of
Amaziah, king of Judah, and during the earlier years of Jeroboam II,
probably from 790 - 780 BC. This would also place him at the time near the
end of Elisha's ministry.
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Jonah A Study of the Minor Prophets
AUTHOR
The opening verse describes Jonah as "the son of Amittai." According to
2 Kings 14:25 this places him during the reign of Jeroboam II who reigned
over the northern ten tribes of Israel for forty-one years.
THEME
The message of the book is twofold: 1. God is willing and anxious to
save even the heathen nations if they repent. His love is infinite and
universal; therefore, His concern is for all. 2. Jehovah is the one universal
God, the God of the whole earth. As the one and only God, He is the God to
whom the heathen must turn.
In the book one sees a foreshadowing of the coming of Christ and the
manifestation of God’s love and desire to save all men. The death and
resurrection of Christ are typified in the three days spent by Jonah in the
belly of the great fish.
The book is sometimes referred to as the forerunner of the universal
gospel message which would be carried to all the heathen world.
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A Study of the Minor Prophets Jonah
THEME OF JONAH
An Exposition on the
GREATNESS
of God
The The
Greatness of Greatness of
Nineveh Jehovah
(1:2; 3:2-3; 4:11) (1:42; 12; 17)
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Jonah A Study of the Minor Prophets
OUTLINE OF JONAH
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Jonah A Study of the Minor Prophets
4. What two things did the sailors do when they became fearful because of
the storm?
a.
b.
10. What happened when they did this? What did this cause them to do?
11. From where does the text say Jonah prayed and cried to the Lord?
a.
b.
13. What does the text say about Nineveh to illustrate its greatness?
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A Study of the Minor Prophets Jonah
15. What 2 main things did the people do to show their repentance?
a.
b.
19. What reason does Jonah give for his fleeing to Tarshish?
22. For what reason did Jonah make for himself a shelter?
23. What lesson did God teach Jonah by the event with the plant?
24. How many people does the text say lived in Nineveh?
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Jonah A Study of the Minor Prophets
• God desires all men to be saved and come to a knowledge of the truth
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A Study of the Minor Prophets Hosea
HOSEA
“Salvation”
BACKGROUND
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Hosea A Study of the Minor Prophets
DATE
The date for Hosea's prophecy is probably from 750-725 BC. This time
period is derived from the kings listed in 1:1. If he began his ministry in the
last days of Jeroboam II, king of Israel, and continued his work until the
early days of Hezekiah, king of Judah, these dates would fit.
AUTHOR
The name Hosea means "salvation." The names Joshua (Num. 13:16)
and Jesus (Mt. 1:21) are derived from the same Hebrew word. Hosea's father
was named Beeri (1:1), but we know nothing more about his personal family
or background.
THEME
Hosea's message emphasizes the righteousness of Jehovah: God is love.
This great principle is emphasized throughout his prophecy. A favorite
expression of the prophet is "lovingkindness." He has been called the
prophet of love (Knudson), as well as the prophet of the broken heart
(Sampey). God loved His people, and time upon time He had demonstrated
this love. Love is the mainspring of God's actions. Hosea had come to
grasp this aspect of the character of the divine Father which motivated Him
in His actions toward His wayward children. Hosea expressed it as none
before him had done.
The doom of the nation is inevitable. Although his message is that of the
righteousness of Jehovah, it is also a message of the doom of Israel. Hosea
stressed the imminence of danger and divine judgment. Hosea's appeal to
the threat of this danger was intended to arouse the nation to a religious
consciousness. "A religion which makes no appeal to the sense of danger
has no edge to it. It has no power to grip the basal impulses of life. It is
simply a meaningless sentiment, a worthless survival of some vital religious
movement of the past." (Knudson, p. 109). "I will cause the kingdom of the
house of Israel to cease" (1:4) was Jehovah's threat of doom to the nation in
spiritual and moral dissolution.
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A Study of the Minor Prophets Hosea
THEME OF HOSEA
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Hosea A Study of the Minor Prophets
OUTLINE OF HOSEA
I. Israel’s Adultery ch. 1-3
A. Hosea and Gomer
1:2-2:1
B. Though cast off, a return is promised
2:2-2:23
C. Hosea’s second Marriage
ch. 3
II. The Lord’s Controversy with Israel ch. 4-6
A. The controversy over national guilt
ch. 4
B. Corruption in all phases of life
ch. 5
C. Insincerity – an abomination before Jehovah
ch. 6
III. Israel’s Corrupted Condition ch. 7-8
A. The King is made glad by their wickedness
7:1-7
B. Israel turns to Egypt and Assyria
7:8-16
C. Israel has sown to the wind
8:1-14
IV. Israel’s Religious and Moral Apostasy ch. 9-11
A. Israel forsook God and would be taken
9:1-17
B. Assyria will be the Instrument
10:1-15
C. Jehovah’s love for prodigal Israel
ch. 11
V. Israel’s Apostasy and God’s Fidelity ch. 12-13
A. Israel’s degeneracy
11:12-12:14
B. Israel’s deep fall
ch. 13
VI. Israel’s Conversion and Pardon ch. 14
A. God’s grace to those who turn to Him
14:1-8
B. Epilogue
14:9
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Hosea A Study of the Minor Prophets
3. What was to be said to the brothers and sisters, and what did these
words mean?
9. What is Hosea now told to do? What is the parallel with God?
14. Although Israel plays the harlot, what are they not to do?
What does ch. 5 have to say about how successful they were?
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A Study of the Minor Prophets Hosea
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Hosea A Study of the Minor Prophets
30. What does God call the prophet? the inspired man?
32. Because of their obvious wickedness, what will Israel now say?
33. What will the seized Israel say to the mountains? the hills?
40. How did God give them a king? Take him away?
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A Study of the Minor Prophets Hosea
43. In view of this repentance, what 3 things does God say "I will .... "?
a.
b.
c.
45. What will the wise and discerning finally figure out?
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Hosea A Study of the Minor Prophets
• It is vital that God’s people have a knowledge of Him and His Word
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A Study of the Minor Prophets Amos
AMOS
“Burden Bearer”
BACKGROUND
Israel was at the zenith of power economically and politically. Business
was booming, and the material prosperity of the age led to a spirit of
self-sufficiency and smug complacency (6:1). Consequently, Israel had
become a nation which ruled God out.
Hosea was a younger contemporary of Amos as was Isaiah who was
even younger.
The message of Amos is directed primarily to Israel, the northern
kingdom. However, the opening words include a condemnation of the
neighboring heathen nations.
The central theme of the book is "woe" unto those who rule God out.
Amos preached doom because of the sinfulness both of the heathen nations
as well as God's covenant people (5:27; 9:8).
Amos is quoted twice in the New Testament: Acts 7:42-43 (5:22-27) and
Acts 15:16-17 (9:11-12).
Background reading for this period: 2 Kings 14:23-29; 15:1-7; 2 Chr. 26.
DATE
Amos wrote this prophecy near the end of the reign of Jeroboam II,
around 760 BC. He dates his activity (1:1) as being during the reigns of
Uzziah (called Azariah in 2 Kings 15:1), King of Judah (787-735 BC) and
Jeroboam II, King of Israel (790-749 BC).
AUTHOR
"Amos," means "burden-bearer." He was a native of Tekoa a small
village which is twelve miles south of Jerusalem and six miles south of
Bethlehem. Amos was a herdsman of sheep and a grower of sycamore figs
(1:1; 7:14).
THEME
The Lord had brought the people out of Egypt by His hand and had
given them the land. He had driven out the inhabitants of Canaan before
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Amos A Study of the Minor Prophets
them. He had sent the blessings, the rain and the harvests, upon them. But
in spite of all this, they had failed Him. Instead of worship, adoration and
righteousness, and instead of love and concern for one another, they had
become cruel, selfish, and rebellious.
Israel had been deceived by the things God had done for them. Israel
had concluded that since He was their God and they His people, and since
they had been so extravagant in their offering and worship, surely He would
favor them.
Now they must be taught. Israel must learn that Jehovah is a God of
righteousness, and holiness, and that insulting such righteousness and
holiness must result in a stern expression of justice. The doom of national
exile was not the only remedy for their complete and flagrant apostasy. The
full import of this judgment cannot be realized until one understands two
important facts; 1. To the Jew, the nation overshadowed the individual. It
was through the nation and its relation to God that the individual entered into
fellowship with Jehovah. 2. To the Jew every nation outside his own was
unclean. In a foreign land he cold not worship Jehovah acceptably.
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A Study of the Minor Prophets Amos
THEME OF AMOS
Therefore,
Damascus Israel
Gaza 6:8
Tyre Judah
Edom 2:5
Ammon
Moab
All the sinner of My people will die by the sword, those who say,
‘the calamity will not overtake or confront us.’
(Amos 9:10)
BUT AMOS HAS HOPE:
Behold days are coming, declares the Lord,
‘I will restore the fortunes of My people Israel’
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Amos A Study of the Minor Prophets
OUTLINE OF AMOS
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Amos A Study of the Minor Prophets
13. What is the point being made when God is compared to a shepherd who
battles a lion?
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A Study of the Minor Prophets Amos
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Amos A Study of the Minor Prophets
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A Study of the Minor Prophets Amos
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Amos A Study of the Minor Prophets
• Nations and individuals that have been favored are laden with
corresponding responsibility
• The most elaborate worship is but an insult to God when offered by those
who have no mind to conform to His commandments
• Agreement with God will have the effect of obedience in our lives
• When one rejects the love of the truth, time may come when he will seek
it but cannot find it
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A Study of the Minor Prophets Micah
MICAH
“Who is like Jehovah”
BACKGROUND
Read 2 Kings 15:17-20:21 and 2 Chronicles 26-30 to learn about the
political setting for the book.
Through unusual leadership in successful wars and in the revival of
commerce and the development of agriculture, Uzziah had brought a degree
of prosperity to the people of Judah that had not been enjoyed since the days
of Solomon. This prosperity brought with I the usual attendant social evils
and spiritual falling away form Jehovah. Uzziah was succeeded by his son
Jotham, a good man who followed the policies of his father.
Socially and morally Judah presented a dark picture during the latter part
of the eighth century. Rulers sold the rights of men and vested interests
gained control of the lands, taking away the privileges of the people. The
wealthy coveted the lands and robbed the poor, casting women out of their
possessions. Corrupt business ethics were practiced. The people were under
the powerful control of false prophets who prophesied for reward and priests
who taught for hire. Ruler in their greed were as cannibals, and judges
judged for a bribe. The corrupt concept of Jehovah held by the people was
little different form the heathen concept of their gods; they kept the statues
of Omri and walked in the counsels of Omri and Ahab.
Religion had become a matter of form with the people; ceremonial
observances were thought to meet all religious requirements. The reform of
Hezekiah (2 Chr. 29) was not from the deep recesses of the heart. There was
widespread misapprehension that as long as the external acts of worship
were scrupulously performed the people were entitled to the divine favor and
protection. Religious fervor was too superficial to bring permanent results.
The book of Micah is perhaps best remembered because of the
prophecies about the birthplace of Christ (5:2 - Mt. 2:6) and of the beginning
place of the new kingdom (4:1-2 - Acts 2).
Two passages from Micah are quoted in the New Testament: (5:2) Mt.
2:5; Jn. 7:42; and (7:6) Mt. 10:35; Lk. 12:53. Micah is quoted once in the
Old Testament (3:12) Jer. 26:18.
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DATE
Micah began prophesying before the fall of Samaria (1:5) and continued
into the reign of Hezekiah (1:1). The most probable date for his work is
735-700 BC.
AUTHOR
The name "Micah" means "Who is like unto Jehovah"? Nothing is
known about his family or occupation. We are told that he was from
Moresheth-gath (1:1,14) which was a small village some twenty-five miles
southwest of Jerusalem on the border between Judah and Philistia. Perhaps
these roots made him keenly aware of the needs of the poor and
downtrodden, and he fearlessly attacked those who had obtained their
affluence through unjust dealings with the poor.
Micah was a younger contemporary of Isaiah, and there may have been a
close personal relationship between the two. We remember Isaiah as a
"city" prophet who was in contact with world affairs and was the associate
of kings and princes. However, Micah spoke to the "country" people and
took special interest in the spiritual and moral affairs which directly affected
them.
Micah was a prophet mainly to Judah though his messages did involve
Israel also (1:1; 3:8).
THEME
The main theme of the book of Micah is that God will send judgment
because of Judah's sin. The call to "hearken" or "hear" begins three chapters
(1, 3, 6).
Micah’s message was one mainly for his own day as indicated by his
name, "Who is like unto Jehovah?" (7:18). The message of the book is
directed against various evils: moral corruption (2:1-2; 3:1-2); idolatry (1:7;
5:12-15; 6:16); form-only religion (6:6-8); false prophets (3:5-7); and
covetous priests (3:11).
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A Study of the Minor Prophets Micah
THEME OF MICAH
Micah 6:8
He has told you, O man, what is good;
And what does the LORD require of you
But to do justice, to love kindness,
And to walk humbly with your God?
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OUTLINE OF MICAH
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3. The people will not be able to remove their necks from what?
15. What does Micah say these people do not know? Understand?
16. What does the text say will go forth from Bethlehem?
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A Study of the Minor Prophets Micah
17. What 5 things does God say He is going to "cut off" in that day?
18. What does God want them to remember from Balaam & Balak?
20. What does Micah say has perished from the land?
21. Things are so bad that Micah says that a man's enemies are ....
23. What did the one say that will be covered with shame?
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• The roots of pure religion are found in one’s attitude and in his service
• A pure nation can only be obtained when we have pure religion within
the individuals
• The Lord will reject any and all who ignore His Word
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A Study of the Minor Prophets Nahum
NAHUM
“Consolation”
BACKGROUND
An understanding of how God used Assyria to punish sinful Israel and of
Assyria's arrogant attitude can be seen in Isaiah 10:5-19 and chapters 36 and
37.
"The book of Nahum demonstrates how false is the view that, ‘might
makes right.' The great Assyrian Empire, of which Nineveh was the capital,
boasted its might and wealth, but it did not acknowledge its sin, nor would it
listen to God. The fall of such a nation was inevitable..." (Minor Prophets of
Judah, by Irving L. Jensen, pg. 64, Moody Press)
The prophet does not touch upon the internal conditions in Judah and
Jerusalem, but deals with Nineveh, the capital of Assyria. Assyria was
expanded and exhausted by long and extensive wars. The people of her
cities were never homogenous. With nothing more than trade and commerce
to hold them together, the nation was bound to break up. The character of
the Assyrian rulers and people in general was that of excessive cruelty.
DATE
The date assigned for Nahum falls between 663 BC and 612 BC. This
time is based on his mention of the fall of Thebes (3:8-10) which had taken
place in 663 BC, and on his foretelling the fall of Nineveh (2:8-10) which
occurred in 612 BC. Most scholars place the date of Nahum between 630
and 612 BC.
AUTHOR
The name "Nahum" means "consolation" or "comforter." Nothing is
known of his personal life except that Nahum was from a town called Elkosh
(1:1), the location of which is uncertain.
THEME
The theme of the book of Nahum is the downfall of Nineveh. Jonah had
preached to Nineveh over a hundred years earlier, and the city was spared
because it repented. God now sends another prophet who pronounces doom
on the city.
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THEME OF NAHUM
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A Study of the Minor Prophets Nahum
OUTLINE OF NAHUM
I. Nineveh’s Doom
ch. 1
A. Goodness and Severity of Jehovah
1:2-8
B. Complete overthrow of Nineveh
1:9-15
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A Study of the Minor Prophets Nahum
13. What are the people who see Nineveh going to say?
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• The Lord is a stronghold in time of trouble for those who turn to Him
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A Study of the Minor Prophets Zephaniah
ZEPHANIAH
“Jehovah Hides”
BACKGROUND
Read 2 Chronicles 33, 34, 35 and 2 Kings 21, 22, 23 for the historical
background for the period of Zephaniah.
Hezekiah was succeeded by his son Manasseh, a lad of twelve. It is
doubtful that at any period of its history Judah had a more wicked ruler than
Manasseh. He sought to undo all the good his father had done. He rebuilt
the high places, reared altars to Baal and Ashtoreth, and built altars to the
host of heaven. He committed the abomination of making his son pass
through the fire. To all this he added the sin of bloodshed, filling Jerusalem
with innocent blood. Under his reign the heathen party gained control of the
government. Later Manasseh tried to correct the wickedness of his earlier
years, but apparently without success. Ammon succeeded Manasseh who
followed in the steps of his father.
Josiah was the last good king to reign over Judah. At the age of sixteen
he began to seek after Jehovah, the God of his fathers. At the age of twenty
he began to purge Judah. His reforms were among the most sweeping of any
that were attempted by the kings who reigned over the southern kingdom.
The sweeping reforms undertaken by Josiah reached their peak in the
eighteenth year of his reign. The king was under prophetic influence most
of his life. Jeremiah, Zephaniah, Nahum, and Habakkuk prophesied during
his reign.
In spite of Josiah’s reforms and his own good life, the people appear at
this time to be nervous, cruel, and corrupt. Social injustice and moral
corruption appear to be widespread; luxury and extravagance are seen on
every hand. The baalim were still worshipped, and what worship was
offered to Jehovah was little other than idolatry.
Jack P. Lewis states in his workbook on the prophets: "The most crucial
question in the study of Zephaniah is that of the identity of the unnamed
threatening power which is on the horizon. The prophet is quite emphatic
that a nation threatens Judah, which threat he connects with the Day of the
Lord." (Minor Prophets, p. 36).
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DATE
He prophesied during the days of Josiah who reigned from 639 to 608
BC. It is impossible to pinpoint the exact years of Zephaniah's work, but
most conservative scholars place his work within the years of 630-625 BC.
This would make him contemporary with Jeremiah who began his work in
626 BC (Jer. 1:2). Also, Nahum and Habakkuk probably did their work
within twenty years of the time of Zephaniah, but whether any of these
prophets knew each other or worked together is not revealed within the
scriptures.
AUTHOR
The name Zephaniah means "Jehovah hides." The opening verse traces
his ancestry through four generations (Cushi – Gedaliah – Amariah -
Hizkiah, i.e., Hezekiah), which would make him the great, great grandson of
Hezekiah who was the good king of Judah during the days of Isaiah and
Micah.
THEME
The theme of Zephaniah is the approaching doom which will occur at
the "day of the Lord." Other prophets often used this term to describe a time
of God's judgment within history as contrasted to a day at the end of history
(cf. Amos 5:18; Obadiah 15; Joel 1:15; 2:1,11; 2:14). Zephaniah uses it to
describe God's judgment for sin and sees it falling upon both Hebrew and
Gentile nations (cf. 1:7-8,1416,18; 2:2-3).
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A Study of the Minor Prophets Zephaniah
THEME OF ZEPHANIAH
Beware!
For the “Day of the Lord” is Coming!
(1:7, 8, 142, 18; 2:2, 3)
This Day is
For Judah
a Day of: (1:2-18)
Wrath
Trouble
Destruction
Darkness For Nations
Battle (2:4-15)
(2:15)
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OUTLINE OF ZEPHANIAH
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15. Why are the men going to walk like blind men?
23. What will the remnant of the house of Judah do on this land?
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33. Name several things the text reveals that demonstrate what a great city
this was:
37. There are four things she did not do, what were they?
a. b.
c. d.
42. What has God said to them so that her dwelling will not be cut off?
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• The only true safety in life is found in “taking refuge in the name of the
Lord”
• The Lord is not far from us unless we put up barriers of indifference and
sin
• The attitude of wait on the Lord has two ideas: obey the Lord’s will and
be patient
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A Study of the Minor Prophets Habakkuk
HABAKKUK
“Embrace”
BACKGROUND
The reading of 2 Chr. 36:11-21 and Jeremiah 6:9-30 will give the student
a description of the conditions at the time of Habakkuk and his
contemporary, Jeremiah
The spiritual condition at that time was one of wickedness, injustice, and
disregard for God. Habakkuk asks, "how long" will God allow this to
continue? (1:2-4). The answer given is that the Lord will send the
Chaldeans against Judah (1:6). But this causes the prophet to question the
justice of God. How could the Lord punish Judah by using a nation more
wicked? (1:3) The answer to that question should give consolation to the
people who were facing a long period of exile.
Habakkuk is written in the unique style of dialogue between God and
Habakkuk. This is in contrast to other books where the prophets spoke to
the people. In this conversation with God Habakkuk seeks to understand
why the Lord would use an evil nation to punish His people.
See also the Introduction to Zephaniah.
DATE
The most probable date for Habakkuk's work is 612-606 BC, shortly
before the Chaldeans took the first captives from Jerusalem.
AUTHOR
The name Habakkuk literally means "embrace." He describes himself as
"the prophet" (1:1), but actually nothing else is known about where he lived
or his background.
THEME
The theme of the book is to explain the justice of God as He rules over
His people, punishing the wicked and sustaining those who "live by faith."
Jehovah was using Chaldea against wicked Judah, but Chaldea would be
destroyed because of its own wickedness. God may tolerate wickedness for
a season, but ultimately it must reap its just recompense.
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A Study of the Minor Prophets Habakkuk
THEME OF HABAKKUK
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OUTLINE OF HABAKKUK
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3. What is the general feeling toward these people during this time?
6. Habakkuk asks why God has looked with favor upon what type of
people?
7. What metaphor does Habakkuk use to describe this invading army and
the people to whom they capture?
10. What will be the response to the one who reads this?
13. Find 2 places in the New Testament that quote this verse.
16. What is the gist of the taunt-song taken up against this man?
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18. What is the answer to Habakkuk's question "What profit is the idol .... ?"
19. What should be the response when the Lord is in His Holy Temple?
20. When the Lord comes to destroy, what goes before Him?
What follows after Him?
22. When all was heard, what was Habakkuk's response physically?
23. Despite this destruction, what did Habakkuk say he would do?
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• It is not for us to doubt that God did or is doing the right thing
• There are no guarantees that bad things will not happen to good people
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A Study of the Minor Prophets Haggai
HAGGAI
“Festival”
BACKGROUND
Read Ezra 1-6 for the historical setting of the work of Haggai.
Sixteen years earlier (536 BC), about 50,000 Jews had returned under
the leadership of Zerubbabel. Their first act was to re-erect the altar and to
offer burnt offerings thereon (Ezra 3:2-6). They also gathered materials for
the rebuilding of the temple, which they began in the second year (Ezra
4:1-24).
God raised up the prophets Haggai and Zechariah to stir up the people
from their spiritual indifference and to encourage them to complete the work
which had stopped (Ezra 5:1-2). Under their preaching the work prospered,
and the temple was finished "on the third day of the month Adar, which was
in the sixth year of the reign of Darius" (Ezra 6:15). This would be 516 BC.
A review of important events and their dates would also be of help. (See
chart at the front of this book.)
a. 605 BC - The first captives are taken by Nebuchadnezzar,
Dan. 1:1-2
b. 597 BC - The second group (10,000) are taken to Babylon,
2 Kings 24:10-16; Ezek. 1:1-3
c. 586 BC - Jerusalem falls; the temple destroyed,
2 Kings 25:1-21
d. 539 BC - Babylon falls to the Medes and Persians,
Dan. 5; Isa. 45:1-4
e. 536 BC - Cyrus issues a decree for the Jews to go back to
Jerusalem; after 70 years (Jer. 25:11; 29:10-14), 49,897 return
under the leadership of Zerubbabel
2 Chr. 36:21; Ezra 1
f. 516 BC – The temple is completed,
Ezra 6:15
g. 457 BC – Ezra led a second remnant of 2,058 Jews to Jerusalem
Ezra 8:1
h. 444 BC – Nehemiah led a third remnant back
Neh. 2
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DATE
Haggai dates his work as "the second year of Darius the king" (1:1)
which would be 520 BC. Four oracles are dated in this book which cover a
period of four months (1:1; 2:1; 2:10; 2:20).
AUTHOR
The literal meaning of the name Haggai is "festival" or "the joyous one."
Nothing is known about his family or early background. He is simply called
"the prophet" (Hag. 1:1). The book of Ezra confirms that he was among the
first remnant of Jews to return from Babylonian captivity in 536 BC.
Haggai and Zechariah were contemporaries who together motivated the Jews
to complete the rebuilding of the temple (Ezra 5:1-2; 6:14-16).
THEME
The theme of the book of Haggai is: "build the temple!"
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A Study of the Minor Prophets Haggai
THEME OF HAGGAI
The Choices:
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OUTLINE OF HAGGAI
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4. What was the difference between the people's houses and the house of
God?
6. Count how many times the word "consider" (literally, "set your heart
on" occurs in the entire book)
7. Complete:
a. Sown much =
b. Eat =
c. Drink =
d. Put on clothing =
e. Earns =
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13. Obeying the voice of the Lord was the same as listening to the words of
what man?
14. What two things does verse 13 say about the authority of this man?
a.
b.
18. What did they think about the new temple in comparison with the old
one?
19. What does God tell these men and all the people?
26. What does God say about the glory of this latter house?
28. Will holy meat make other things clean when they are touched?
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31. What happened to the one who came looking for larger portions?
35. The phrase "the word of the Lord came" occurs for the 4th time. This is
the beginning of another oracle. Where were the others?
36. What does God promise Zerubbabel that he will do to the kingdoms?
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• The successful individual often considers the direction his life is going
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A Study of the Minor Prophets Zechariah
ZECHARIAH
“Whom Jehovah Remembers”
BACKGROUND
One should read Ezra 1-6 for the historical setting of the work of
Zechariah. See also the introduction to the book of Haggai
Zechariah is linked with Ezekiel, Daniel, and Revelation as being the
four books of the Bible which are apocalyptic in style. This means that
much of their message was written with symbolic or figurative language.
Zechariah is highly Messianic. Many compare this book to Isaiah
because these two prophets gave the most specific forecasts of the coming
Messiah.
DATE
Zechariah dates his work as "the second year of Darius the king (1:1),
which would be 520 BC. The final date given to his series of visions was
"in the fourth year of king Darius" (7:1), which would be 518 BC.
AUTHOR
The literal meaning of the name Zechariah is "whom the Lord
remembers." Twenty-nine men in the Bible bear this name. The Zechariah
of our study is distinguished as being a prophet contemporary with Haggai
who together encouraged the returned remnant to complete the rebuilding of
the temple. He referred to himself as "the prophet" (1:1,7), the son of
Berechiah and grandson of Iddo. He was of a priestly family like Jeremiah
(1:1) and Ezekiel (1:3). In fact, Iddo was the chief of one of the priestly
families listed among the group returning to Jerusalem from Babylon in 536
BC under the leadership of Zerubbabel (Neh. 12:4,16).
THEME
Jerusalem is represented as the dwelling place of God’s people.
Although He rejected them in the past, He will now again accept them and
live in the midst of them once more.
Jerusalem is used in two senses: 1. The city that was rebuilt after the
exiles returned from captivity . “so I have again proposed in these days to do
good to Jerusalem” (8:15). 2. The city that will be the dwelling place for the
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Lord’s people who will accept the coming King in that day. “and it will
come about in that day I will pour out on the inhabitants of Jerusalem the
Spirit of Grace” (12:10)
The Messiah is presented as “the Branch” or “Sprout” of David, a
servant of Jehovah. He comes as a king, lowly in spirit, providing salvation
for the people. He comes as a shepherd rejected, sold for the price of a
wounded slave, and finally pierced for the sheep who would then be
scattered. Be He redeems a remnant, and through Him the divine
sovereignty of Jehovah is restored. The kingdom will be one of glory, with
everything pertaining to it consecrated to the Lord. The heathen forces who
oppose Jehovah’s work will be ingloriously defeated.
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A Study of the Minor Prophets Zechariah
THEME OF ZECHARIAH
OUTLINE OF ZECHARIAH
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17. What was the answer to his question: What are these?
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A Study of the Minor Prophets Zechariah
27. How does God feel about those who hurt His people?
28. What will happen when God waves His hand over them?
31. In the fourth vision who was standing before the 'Lord?
36. What did they do to Joshua while the angel of the Lord was standing by?
37. God gives him two charges beginning with "If you..." Name them:
a. b.
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43. What will be shouted when the top stone is brought forth?
44. What two things are said about the "hands" of Zerubbabel?
a. b.
45. Who will be glad to see the plumb line in Zerubbabel's hand?
51. What two sins will be dealt with, and in what way?
a. b.
54. What was inside this object? What was its name?
58. Look on a map and find the land of "Shinar." Where is it?
59. What will happen to the woman once the temple (house) is built?
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64. What color is not mentioned here? These horses are called the "strong ones."
What command was given them?
65. What did those going to the north accomplish for God?
70. Who is going to come and build the temple of the Lord?
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82. What new name will Jerusalem wear? The mountain of the Lord?
83. What two things will take place in the streets of Jerusalem?
a. b.
84. What three things does the Lord say He is going to do?
a. b.
c.
85. During the days of the rebuilding there was "no ..." (2 things)
a. b.
86. What three material blessings will God now give them?
a. b.
c.
87. How did the nations feel about Judah and Israel in the past, and how will they feel
now?
88. What are the (positive) things the people should do?
a. b.
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A Study of the Minor Prophets Zechariah
105. What two things will the "Lord of Hosts" do for them?
a. b.
106. What (who) are misleading the people with iniquity and lies?
111. What will happen to those who remember God in a far country?
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115. What are the names of the two staffs that God pastured the flock with?
125. God uses metaphors to describe Jerusalem. What is the point of:
a. Jerusalem the cup =
b. Jerusalem the stone =
126. What will be Judah's response when they see God striking their enemies?
129. What two things will the Lord pour out on the house of David?
a. b.
131. What will be the response to the one they looked on?
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140. When the nations are gathered against Jerusalem what will happen? (5 things)
142. What will God stand on, and with what result?
147. What are some of the gruesome results of God's plague against those who have
warred against Jerusalem?
a.
b.
c.
148. What will those who are left of all the nations do after this?
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• God will grant blessings to those who try to restore true religion
• Acts of devotion are useless unless one’s heart is poured out to God
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A Study of the Minor Prophets Malachi
MALACHI
“My Messenger”
BACKGROUND
For a full picture of the conditions in Judea during this period one should
read Ezra chapters 7-10 and the complete book of Nehemiah.
The first contingent of exiles had returned during 536 BC, under the
leadership of Zerubbabel the governor and Joshua the high priest.
Encouraged by the preaching of Haggai and Zechariah, the people rebuilt the
temple between 520 – 516 BC. Ezra had returned with a second group of
exiles in 458 and it is thought that Zechariah had encouraged the remnant
with the message of Zechariah 9-14.
The style of the book is unique to the Bible in that a didactic-dialectic
method is followed. An affirmation is made followed by an interrogative
objection offered by the people addressed. Then a refutation of the objection
is given. There are seven such sections (1:2-3; 1:6-7; 2:10-16; 2:17; 3:7; 3:8;
3:13-14).
DATE
The exact date of Malachi is not given, but judging by the conditions
with which he dealt, the time period seems to be contemporary with
Nehemiah, probably about 445-432 BC.
AUTHOR
The name Malachi literally means "My Messenger." Nothing is known
about the personal life of the prophet. The authenticity of his work is
confirmed by many New Testament references (Mt. 11:10; 17:12; Mk. 1:2;
9:11-12; Lk. 1:17; Rom. 9:13).
THEME
Malachi's central message is faithfulness to the Lord. They had been
back from Babylonian captivity for about a hundred years, and now the
second and third generation descendants had begun to lose sight of serving
the Lord with wholehearted zeal. Though cured of idolatry, their outward
formalism was worthless. Worship was in decay as the priests had been
careless about insisting on proper sacrifices (1:6-8,13; 2:9) and tithing
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A Study of the Minor Prophets Malachi
THEME OF MALACHI
COMMITMENT
VS.
CONTENTMENT
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OUTLINE OF MALACHI
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2. What is the response to the Lord's statement: "I have loved you"?
9. What return were they expecting from the Lord as a result of these
sacrifices?
13. What were the Jews saying that profaned the Lord's sacrifice?
14. What are three characteristics of the offerings the people are bringing to
the Lord?
a. b.
c.
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19. What two things will happen if the priests do not listen?
a. b.
28. How does God say they were "profaning the covenant"?
30. What three things were they "covering" the altar with?
a. b.
c.
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36. He will purify the sons of Levi so that they may do what?
39. Why are the sons of Jacob not consumed (brought to an end)?
42. If they will bring the whole tithe, what will God do in return?
47. What two groups will be like "chaff" in the coming day?
a. b.
48. What will be in store for those who fear God's name?
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50. Who is going to be coming, and what type of day will follow him?
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Malachi A Study of the Minor Prophets
• Elders will be blessed of the Lord only as they fulfill their God given
responsibility
• Marriage is not only a covenant with our spouses but with God
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A Study of the Minor Prophets Chronology of the Kings
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Chronology of the Kings A Study of the Minor Prophets
700
Manasseh – 55 yrs.
2 Kgs. 21
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A Study of the Minor Prophets Chronology of the Kings
675
650
Amon – 2 yrs.
2 Kgs. 21
2 Chr. 33
Josiah – 31 yrs.
2 Kgs. 21
2 Chr. 33
Huldah
Zephaniah
Nahum
625
Habakkuk
Jehoahaz (Shallum) – 3 months Jeremiah
2 Kgs. 23
2 Chr. 36
Jer. 22
Jehoiakim (Eliakim) – 11 yrs.
2 Kgs. 23
2 Chr. 36
Jer. 22; 36
Daniel
606
Jehoiachin (Coniah) 3 months
2 Kgs. 24
2 Chr. 36
Jer. 22; 52
Ezekiel
597
Zedekiah (Mattaniah) – 11 yrs.
2 Kgs. 24
2 Chr. 36
Jer. 34; 37; 52
586
Gedaliah – 2 months
2 Kgs.25
Jer. 40
Judah To Babylon
The History and Geography of the Bible Story; Bob and Sandra Waldron
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A Study of the Minor Prophets Maps
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Maps A Study of the Minor Prophets
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A Study of the Minor Prophets Maps
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