Biologists

Charles Darwin (1809–1882) Gregor Mendel (1822-1884)
Famous For: Theory of Evolution Famous For: Modern Genetics

After attending the University of Cambridge and When he wrote “Experiments on Plant Hybridization”, he
taking up medicine at the University of Edinburgh paved the way for biology students to study genetic traits in
in Scotland, Darwin was considered a naturalist. peas. During his experiments, Gregor found that a specific trait
As a biologist, he proposed the concept that “all would be dominant over other traits in the same species. This
species of life” came from a single source. His became to be recognized as the Mendelian inheritance.
theory of evolution marked the beginning of the
discussion on natural selection.
Aristotle (384–322 BC) Claude Bernard (1813–1878)

Famous For: Classified organisms into a “Ladder Famous For: Blind experimental method for objective results
of Life” Born in Saint Julien, France in 1813, Claude Bernard has been
Aristotle is forever linked with philosophy and considered “one of the greatest of all men of science.” He
logic. Few associate him with biology and fostered the use of blind experiments in order to produce
medicine. His work on the classification of living objective results. He also believed that vivisection, the use of
things was still in use up to the 19th century. He surgery on a living thing for knowledge, was useful in the study
differentiated them by calling animals and plants and practice of medicine.
as he saw them, with blood, without blood, and so
on.
Louis Pasteur (1822–1895) Robert Hooke (1635–1703)

Famous For: Created the process of pasteurization Famous For: Coined the term “cell”
for treating milk and wine Born on 1635 in the Isle of Wight, England, Robert Hooke
As one of the founders of medical microbiology, received his higher education at Oxford University where he
Louis Pasteur’s education in the field of chemistry studied physics and chemistry. His work included the
and microbiology may be credited with his application what is known today as Hooke’s law, his use of
success. His germ theory of disease became the microscopy, and for the discovery of the “cell” in 1665 using
catalyst to his process we know as pasteurization. cork and a microscope.
Hippocrates (c.460–370 BC) Edward Jenner (1749–1823)
Famous For: The Father of Western Medicine Famous For: Creating the first effective vaccine for smallpox
Considered the “father of western medicine”, he is Edward Jenner is considered as the “father of immunology”
the first person to attribute diseases to natural mainly because of his pioneering work on the smallpox vaccine
causes rather than caused by the superstition that it and the use of vaccination. Born in Berkeley, England in 1749,
is caused by gods. More importantly was his he specialized in microbiology at the University of St. Andrews
professional approach and discipline in the practice and the University of London.
of medicine during his time, which has been
carried over to this day.
Antoine Lavoisier (1743– Rachel Carson (1907–1964)

1794) Famous For: Movement against using pesticides
Famous For: Observing metabolism Rachel Louise Carson was a marine biologist born in
Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier was a French Springdale, Pennsylvania in 1907. Carson is credited with
biologist and chemist born in 1743 in Paris. He is creating awareness for the preservation of the environment. She
credited with the naming of hydrogen, oxygen, and led the crusade against the use of DDT in the United States of
silicon. This has led him to be considered the America, which resulted in the creation of the EPA,
father of modern chemistry. As a biologist, Environmental Protection Agency.
Lavoisier identified that living things generated
heat, leading to the concept of metabolism.
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek Alexander von Humboldt (1769–1859)

(1632–1723) Famous For: Humboldtian science
Famous For: The Father of Microbiology Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich Alexander von Humboldt was born
Antoine Philips van Leeuwenhoek was born in in 1769. He was an explorer, geographer, and naturalist. His
Delft, Netherlands in 1632. His interest in work in biogeography paved the way to the idea that the land in
lensmaking and curiosity led him to be the first to Africa, South America, and those along the Atlantic Ocean
observe single cell organisms. He is considered a were once joined together. He believed in the approach of
biologist and microscopist which has earned him combining the different branches of the physical sciences, such
the distinction of being the father of microbiology. as biology, geology, and meteorology, this we know today as
Humboldtian science.
Galen (129–161 AD) Joseph Lister (1827–1912)

Famous For: First to introduce medicinal Famous For: Using antiseptics for cleaning and sterilizing
experimentation wounds
The world of science and medicine would not be Joseph Lister was born in 1827 in the city of Upton, Essex,
the same without the early work of Galen, also England where he attended the University of London, and later
known as Galen of Pergamon, Aelius Galenus or in Scotland at the University of Edinburgh and University of
Claudius Galenus. He is viewed as the top medical Glasgow. He became a surgeon and pioneered the work of
researchers of his time, 129-200 AD. His antiseptic or sterile surgery. He used carbolic acid to cleanse
contributions include those in the field of anatomy, wounds and to sterilize instruments used for surgery.
logic, neurology, pathology, pharmacology, and
physiology.
Robert Brown (1773–1858) Joseph Priestley (1733–1804)

Famous For: Discovered the cell nucleus Famous For: Believed to have discovered oxygen
Specializing in botany, Scottish born Robert An Englishman born in 1733, Joseph Priestly’s contribution to
Brown introduced the model that help describe the world of science includes his identification of oxygen in its
random movements of cells which is known as gaseous state. His other work includes the invention of soda
particle theory, or more aptly, Brownian motion. water and discovery of other “gases.” Of course, his most
Among his contributions to the world of science famous discovery of “dephogisticated air”, oxygen, remains his
was his description in detail of the cell nucleus in most famous discovery.
all living things.
Andreas Vesalius (1514–
1564)
Famous For: On the Fabric of the Human Body
Born in Brussels, Habsburg Netherlands in 1514,
Andreas Vesalius is the noted author of one of the
earliest books on anatomy, “On the Fabric of the
Human Body.” He is considered as the “founder of
modern human anatomy”. He served as the royal
physician under Emperor Charles V and as
professor at the University of Padua in Italy.

Biologists

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Biologists

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Charles Darwin (1809–1882) Gregor Mendel (1822-1884)

Famous For: Theory of Evolution Famous For: Modern Genetics

Aristotle (384–322 BC) Claude Bernard (1813–1878)

Louis Pasteur (1822–1895) Robert Hooke (1635–1703)

Antoine Lavoisier (1743– Rachel Carson (1907–1964)

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek Alexander von Humboldt (1769–1859)

Galen (129–161 AD) Joseph Lister (1827–1912)

Robert Brown (1773–1858) Joseph Priestley (1733–1804)

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