French Sem1
French Sem1
French Sem1
Hello - Bonjour
Mr. - Monsieur
Mrs. - Madame
My name is … - Je m'appelle …
I'm happy to meet you. - Je suis heureux (se) de faire votre connaissance.
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Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm
[ɑ] [be] [se] [de] [ə] [ɛf] [ʒe] [aʃ] [i] [ʒi] [ka] [ɛl] [ɛm]
Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz
[ɛn] [o] [pe] [ky] [ɛʀ] [ɛs] [te] [y] [ve] [dubləve] [iks] [igʀɛk] [zɛd]
Informal Greetings
Hi - Salut
My name is … - Je m'appelle …
Bye - Salut
Fine - Ça va.
Fine - Ça marche.
Nothing - Rien
Les nombres
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Un , deux , trois , quatre , cinq, six, sept, huit, neuf, dix , onze , douze , treize ,
quatorze , quinze , seize , dix-sept , dix-huit , dix-neuf , vingt .
(90)…..cent…(100)
French (français)
The French language is descended from Latin and first appeared in writing in 842 AD
when it was used in the Strasbourg Oaths. Before then Latin was the language used for
literature throughout Europe. During the 10th and 11th centuries, French appeared in a
number of documents and religious writings, but French literature didn't start to take off
until the late 12th / early 13th century. The first great work of French literature was the
'Chanson de Roland' (Song of Roland), which was published in about 1200.
French (français)
French is a Romance language spoken by about 265 million people in France, Belgium,
Luxembourg, Canada,
Switzerland, Italy, the USA, Lebanon, French Guiana, north, west and central Africa,
Madagascar, a number of islands in the Indian Ocean, Haiti and other Caribbean islands,
Indochina, New Caledonia, the New Hebrides and the French Pacific Territories.
French pronunciation
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Présentez-vous
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My name is Riyana. Je m'appelle Riyana.
Complétez
Bonjour, je m'appelle [your name]. J'ai [your age] ans et j'habite à [your town].
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c. Comment t’appelles-tu ? (INFORMEL : direct)
Note: Unlike in English we do not write the names of the days of the week in capital
letters in French, unless they begin a sentence.
L’exercice
Questions/answers :-
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Q .1 Il y a combien de jours dans une semaine? (There are how many days in a
week)
Vocabulaire
Le mois – month
L’année – year
Aujourd’hui – today
La date – date
Note; The months of the year are always written in small letters in French unless they begin
a sentence.
Dates
- Cardinals (eg. deux, trois) are used for the dates of the month except the first
L’exercice
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Q.2 Quel est le dernier mois de l’année ?
Vocabulaire
La Semaine - Week
Le Jour - Day
Premier - first
Dernier - last
Hier - yesterday
Aujourd’hui - today
Demain - tomorrow
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4 – quatre 14 – quatorze 24 – vingt-quatre 50- Cinquante
Écrivez en lettres :
a) 1984 ______________________________________
b) 1990 ______________________________________
c) 2001 ______________________________________
d) 2010______________________________________
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e) 1785 _______________________________________
Écrivez en chiffres :
a) Quatre-vingt _________________________
b) Cent ________________________________
c) Soixante –dix _________________________
d) Quatre-vingt neuf ______________________
e) Deux mille sept ________________________
f) Mille neuf cent dix______________________
g) Cinquante- neuf _______________________
h) Quarante-sept _________________________
Subject Pronouns
Je Unlike the English pronoun “I,” the pronoun je is capitalized only when it begins
a sentence. Je becomes j' before a vowel or vowel sound ( y and unaspirated h —
meaning that no puff of air is emitted when producing the h sound):
Tu
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Tu is used to address one friend, relative, child, or pet and is referred to as the
familiar form of “you.” The u from tu is never dropped for purposes of elision: Tu es
mon meilleur ami. (You are my best friend.)
Vous
Vous is used in the singular to show respect to an older person or when speaking to
a stranger or someone you do not know very well. Vous is the polite or formal form
of “you:” Vous êtes un patron très respecté. (You are a very respected boss.)
In addition, vous is always used when speaking to more than one person, regardless
of the degree of familiarity.
Il and elle
On
Ils refers to more than one male or to a combined group of males and females,
despite the number of each gender present. Elles refers only to a group of females.
Anne et Luc partent. (Ann and Luke leave.) Ils partent. (They leave.)
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Je suis {I am}
Tu es {you are}
Vous ou Tu ?
En anglais, il y a “ YOU”.
Les exercices
2. Tu b] es journaliste.
3. Je c] sommes italiens.
a. Tu _______ chinois?
b. Nous __________ anglais.
c. Elle __________ institutrice.
d. Il ____________ journaliste.
e. Je_________ femme au foyer.
f. Elle _________ directrice.
g. Ils__________ acteurs.
h. Elles_________ actrices.
i. Nous_________ hommes politiques.
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j. Tu__________ homme d’affaires.
Profession
Masculine Feminine
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salesperson le vendeur la vendeuse
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Countries and Nationalities (Les pays et les nationalités)
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22. Switzerland la Suisse suisse suisse
Self Introduction
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M. Sanders : Je m’appelle Paul Sanders. Et vous?
Indefinite Articles
In French all nouns are either masculine or feminine; this is referred to as 'gender'.
The masculine word for 'a' or 'an' is un, the feminine is une. Both become des in the
plural.
As a very rough guide, there is a fair chance that a word ending in the written form
with 'e' will be feminine,
- des refers to an undefined number in the plural and applies to both masculine and
feminine.
eg: des filles ; des homes
- A few nouns designating people use the same form for men and women, eg: un,
une propriétaire; un, une comptable; un, une collègue; un, une analyste.
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une salle de classe - classroom
un laboratoire - laboratory
un bureau - desk
une table - table
un pupitre - student desk
une poubelle - dustbin
une porte - door
un rideau - curtain
une fenêtre - window
un mur - wall
une horloge - clock
un ventilateur - fan
un climatiseur - air conditioner
des lumieres - lights
une plante - plant
une éprouvette - test tube
un vase à bec - beaker
une carte - map
une chaise - chair
un cahier - notebook
un livre - book
une calculatrice - calculator
une carte - map
un classeur - binder
une craie - chalk
une boîte de craies - chalk box
un chiffon - duster
une brosse - board eraser
un feutre, marqueur permanent - Permanent marker
un crayon - pencil
un crayon de couleur - colour pencil
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un taille-crayon - sharpener
une gomme - eraser
un stylo - pen
un blanco - correction fluid
un trombone - paper clip
une règle - scale / ruler
une colle - glue stick
une trousse - pencil box
des devoirs (m) - homework
un dictionnaire - dictionary
un examen - test
un papier - paper
une feuille de papier - piece of paper
un sac à dos - backpack
un sac - bag
un cartable - school-bag
un tableau - chalkboard
un tableau-interactif - interactivewhiteboard
un ordinateur - computer
un portable - laptop / cell phone
un rétroprojecteur - overhead projector
Some examples :-
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J’ai (I have)
Tu as (you have)
J'ai un livre.
Il a une table.
J'ai une voiture.
Vous avez des stylos.
Nous avons des cahiers.
Definite Articles
French articles have to agree with the nouns they modify and don't always
correspond to articles in other languages. If you have a noun in French, there is
mostly always an article or some other kinds of determiner in front of it.
The French definite article corresponds to "The" in English. There are four forms of
the French definite article:
1. le masculine singular
2. la feminine singular
4. les m or f plural
The usage of definite article depends on three things: the noun's gender, number, and first
letter:
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If the noun is plural, use ‘les’
If it's a singular noun starting with a vowel or h muet, use l'
If it's singular and starts with a consonant use le for a masculine noun and la
for a feminine noun.
A. When there are two or more nouns in a sentence, the definite article must
be used in front of each one.
Le papier et les stylos sont dans le tiroir. The paper and pens are in the
drawer.
J'aime la glace, le chocolat et le gâteau. I like ice cream, chocolate, and cake.
À followed by le becomes au
À followed by la remains à la
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À followed by l’ remains à l’
la discothèque
Examples :
Est-ce que tu rentres à la maison (Are you going home? ) (rentrer – to return)
Je vais passer les vacances à la mer/à la campagne/à la montagne. (I am going to spend the
holidays by the sea/in the countryside/in the mountains.) (passer – to spend (time), les
vacances – holidays)
Vous voyagez aux États-Unis? (Are you travelling to the United States?)
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Je vais acheter des livres à la librairie universitaire. (I am going to buy some books at the
university bookshop.)
Nous restons à l’hôtel. (We are staying at the hotel.) (rester – to stay, to remain)
Il aime manger au restaurant méxicain. (He likes eating at the Mexican restaurant.)
All verbs whose infinitive ends in “er” belong to this group (except aller). The
present tense of all –er verbs is conjugated by removing the ‘er’ ending and adding
the endings –e, -es, -e, -ons, -ez, -ent to the radical of the verb.
Parler - to speak
Ecouter - to listen
Chanter - to sing
Travailler - to work
Visiter - to visit
Adorer - to adore
Préférer - to prefer
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Détester - to hate
Marcher - to walk
Entrer - to enter
Passer - to pass by
Parler – to speak
Je parle I speak
Il parle he speaks
Préférer - to prefer
Je préfère I prefer
Appeler – to call
J’appelle I call
Manger - to eat
Ranger - to arrange
Voyager - to travel
Nager - to swim
The conjugation of the above written (‘ger’) verbs is almost the same except the
‘nous’ form:
Manger - to eat
Je mange I eat
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Some more exceptional verbs:
Commencer - to start
Je commence I start
Note: In verbs ending in ‘cer’, such as commencer (to begin), prononcer (to
pronounce), the c becomes ç before the ending –ons with nous form, to show that c
retains the sound of s.
Essuyer to wipe
Essayer to try
Nettoyer to clean
Payer to pay
J’essaie I try
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Ils/elles essaient they try
Note: In these above mention ‘yer’ verbs replace ‘y’ by ‘i’ before silent ‘e’
throughout the conjugation.
NEGATIVE SENTENCES
In English we make Negative sentences using ‘no’ or ‘not’ to deny something. But in
French the formula to change from affirmative to negative sentence is:-
II. In negative articles, indefinite articles (un, une, des) are changed to de/d’ except
with être. For example:-
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b) Tu as des amis.
c) C’est un chien.
Les exercices :-
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e) L’enfant de M. khan est petit.
f) La sœur de Roland est belle.
g) La femme écoute la radio.
h) Le garçon et la fille visitent le Japon.
i) Les enfants bavardent dans la classe.
j) L’homme gare la voiture.
INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES
Interrogative sentences are used to ask questions. Such sentences always end with a
question mark (?). There are many ways to change an affirmative sentence to
interrogative but here we will discuss only one which is:
Inversion: In this method we interchange the places of verb and the subject. For
example
d) Tu as une gomme.
Visitez-vous Paris?
Note: -- When two vowels come together after inverting verb and the subject, we
put –t- between the vowels. Ex:
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a) Il a un chien.
A-t-il un chien?
Arrive-t-elle à la maison?
Écoute-t-Aman la chanson?
d) Elle a un chat.
A-t-elle un chat?
e) Il arrête le taxi.
Arrête-t-il le taxi?
Mettez à l’interrogatif:
Le Vocabulaire
du matin – a.m
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du soir - p.m
moins – less
midi – noon
minuit – midnight
à l’heure – on time
en retard – late
la minute – minute
seconde – second
un jour = 24 heures
un cadran – a dial
le jour – day
le matin – morning
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l’après – midi – afternoon
le soir – evening
la nuit – night
ce soir – tonight
7.15 p.m → Il est sept heures et quart du soir OR il est sept heures quinze du soir.
7.30 p.m → Il est sept heures et demie du soir OR il est sept heures trente du soir.
7.45 a.m → Il est huit heures moins le quart du matin OR il est sept heures quarante-
cinq du matin.
7.50 a.m → Il est huit heures moins dix du matin OR il est sept heures cinquante
du matin.
L’Exercice
02:30 am - ………………….
01:45 pm - …………………..
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04:10 pm - …………………..
09:50 am - ………………………
12:00 pm - ………………………
03: 40 pm - ………………………
12:45 pm - ………………………..
01.00 am - …………………………
06:20 pm - …………………………
10: 05 am - …………………………
An adjective is a word that modifies a noun. Adjectives can describe shape, color,
size, and many other things about a noun.
French adjectives are very different from English adjectives, for two main reasons.
1. In English, adjectives are always found in front of the noun, but most French
adjectives follow the noun they modify (although the placement of French
adjectives depends on the meaning of that particular adjective.)
2. French adjectives change to agree in gender and number with the nouns that
they modify. This means that there can be up to four forms of each adjective:
masculine singular, feminine singular, masculine plural, and feminine plural.
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II. If the masculine form of the adjective ends with an ‘e’, it remains the same in
the feminine forms:
III. If the masculine singular form ends with s or x, the masculine plural remains
the same:
IV. The feminine of certain adjectives is formed by doubling the consonant and
then adding ‘e’ to masculine singular form.
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Ending Masc. Fem. Meaning
SINGULAR PLURAL
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soft mou mol molle mous molles
*Note: The colors maroon and orange are invariable i.e. they do not agree with
feminine or plural form.
e.g. un sac orange - des sacs orange
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2. Adjectives indicating forms and shapes - e.g. une porte étroite.
3. Adjectives which indicates nationality - e.g. un étudiant français
des becomes de when there is an adjective before the noun in the plural.
e.g. des livres bruns mais de gros livres
Les Exercices
Bon__________ Vieux__________
Grand_________ Nouveau______
Gris_________ Heureux_______
Beau________ Gris___________
Gentil________ Blanc__________
Vieux________ Français________
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Jeune_______ Mince_________
Q4 Les salutations :-
a) Ordinateur l) Livre
b) Chaise m) Cahier
c) Tableau n) Gomme
d) Rideaux o) Crayon
e) Ventilateur p) Sac
f) Fenêtre q) Portable
g) porte r) Stylo
h) Table s) Règle
i) Banc t) Taille-crayon
j) Craie u) Trousse
k) Climatiseur v) Clés
a) Parler 9. Écouter
b) Regarder 10. Étudier
c) Visiter 11 Habiter
d) Aimer 12 Entrer
e) Détester 13. Rester
f) Adorer 14. Demander
g) Préférer 15. Donner
h) Préparer 16 Inviter
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Q12 Qui est-ce ? (Décrivez par l’image (son profession, sa nationalité, son âge,
nom)
Q14 Le pays France est connue pour ________ ?(le fromage/le vin/le parfum etc.)
Q16 Lisez :-
Dennis est un petit garçon. Il habite à paris. Le père de Dennis est directeur. Il
voyage beaucoup. Il aime les montagnes. Il n’aime pas la mer. La mère de
Dennis est médecin. Elle adore la musique classique. Elle n’aime pas la
télévision. Dennis a aussi une sœur qui s’appelle Marie. Elle est belle et
intelligente. Dennis aime sa famille beaucoup.
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