This document discusses three schools of classical management theory: Scientific Management, Administrative Management, and Bureaucratic Management. Scientific Management, developed by F.W. Taylor, emphasized time and motion studies to improve efficiency. Administrative Management, developed by Henri Fayol, provided a general theory of management processes. Bureaucratic Management, developed by Max Weber, advocated structuring organizations into hierarchies governed by rational rules. The document examines key aspects and contributors of each school.
This document discusses three schools of classical management theory: Scientific Management, Administrative Management, and Bureaucratic Management. Scientific Management, developed by F.W. Taylor, emphasized time and motion studies to improve efficiency. Administrative Management, developed by Henri Fayol, provided a general theory of management processes. Bureaucratic Management, developed by Max Weber, advocated structuring organizations into hierarchies governed by rational rules. The document examines key aspects and contributors of each school.
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all about of various theories of management including classical, neoclassical and modern
This document discusses three schools of classical management theory: Scientific Management, Administrative Management, and Bureaucratic Management. Scientific Management, developed by F.W. Taylor, emphasized time and motion studies to improve efficiency. Administrative Management, developed by Henri Fayol, provided a general theory of management processes. Bureaucratic Management, developed by Max Weber, advocated structuring organizations into hierarchies governed by rational rules. The document examines key aspects and contributors of each school.
This document discusses three schools of classical management theory: Scientific Management, Administrative Management, and Bureaucratic Management. Scientific Management, developed by F.W. Taylor, emphasized time and motion studies to improve efficiency. Administrative Management, developed by Henri Fayol, provided a general theory of management processes. Bureaucratic Management, developed by Max Weber, advocated structuring organizations into hierarchies governed by rational rules. The document examines key aspects and contributors of each school.
The purpose of studying various schools of management thought is
to enable you to recognize and appreciate how developments in the field of management could contribute to current practices. An examination of these past and present approaches can help to discover the strengths and weaknesses of current managerial practices and finally enable you, as a potential manager of an information centre, to choose appropriate management styles. • Today’s management is both a reflection of and a reaction to past management theories. CLASSIFICATION OF MANAGEMENT THEORIES i) Classical management theory ii) Neoclassical management theory iii) Modern management theory Under each group a few schools of thought are identified. CLASSICAL MANAGEMENT THEORY
Classical management theory consists of a group of similar ideas on
the management of Organizations. it generally concerns ways to manage work and organizations more efficiently. • Scientific Management • Administrative Management Bureaucratic Organization The predominant and common characteristic to all three branches is the emphasis on the economic rationality of management and organization. The economic rationality of the individual employee at work assumes that people choose the course of action that maximizes their economic reward. Scientific Management
Scientific management was introduced in an attempt to create a
mental revolution in the workplace. • It can be defined as the systematic study of work methods in order to improve efficiency • In the late 19th century, management decisions were often arbitrary and workers often worked at an intentionally slow pace. There was little in the way of systematic management and workers and management were often in conflict. F.W Taylor is the major contributor to this school of management thought The basic components of scientific management as propounded by Taylor are: Determination of the standard of performance Functional foremanship Responsibilities of management Differential piecework system of wage payment Mental revolution Determining the standards of performance Taylor introduced the “time and motion study” to identify exactly how long it takes to do a task and identify and eliminate wasteful motions Functional foremanship The functional foreman (specialist) did the planning of various aspects of work Responsibility and management Managers should accept responsibility for planning, directing and organising Managers should perform these functions in a scientific way – i.e. analyse all operations and develop scientific methods of doing them Workers should be scientifically selected and trained Managers should heartily cooperate with workers to ensure that work is done according to scientifically selected managers Differential piece work system of payment – to ensure that workers turn out optimal production – so that workers who work hard get more Mental revolution Taylor held that the technique of determining work standards, delimiting wasteful operations and differential piece rate system of wage payment should benefit the worker in form of higher wage payment and the employer in form of higher production and this would result to a “mental revolution” between ,management and workers They would develop a cooperative rather than antagonistic attitude towards each other Criticism of Tailors Study
Saw man as an economic being - man is only motivated
by money Saw that man can be programmed as a machine – in the development of standards of performance Administrative Management
Focuses on the management process and principles of
management. • In contrast to scientific management, which deals largely with jobs and work at the individual level of analysis, administrative management provides a more general theory of management. • Henri Fayol is the major contributor to this school of management thought and according to him this school basically deals with people in system. Although administrative management has been criticized as being rigid and inflexible and the validity of the functional approach to management has been questioned, this school of thought still influences management theory and practice • The functional approach to management is still the dominant way of organizing management knowledge, and many of Fayol's principles of management, when applied with the flexibility that he advocated, are still considered relevant. Bureaucratic Management
It focuses on ideal form of organization and follows the same.
• Max Weber was the major contributor. Weber's theory of bureaucratic management also has two essential elements. First, it entails structuring an organization into a hierarchy. Secondly, the organization and its members are governed by clearly defined rational-legal decision-making rules. • Based on observation, he concluded that many early organizations were inefficiently managed, with decisions based on personal relationships and loyalty.