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    Active Transport Notes

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    Xyra Mel Archog
    Primary active transport uses carrier proteins and ATP to pump solutes against their concentration gradient from low to high concentrations. Jens Christian Skou discovered the sodium-potassium pump which directly uses ATP. Secondary active transport utilizes the electrochemical gradient established by primary transport to also move solutes against their gradient. Bulk transport and vesicle transport move macromolecules in and out of cells through endocytosis, exocytosis, and transcytosis using vesicles formed from the plasma membrane.

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    Active Transport Notes

    Uploaded by

    Xyra Mel Archog
    116 views2 pages
    Primary active transport uses carrier proteins and ATP to pump solutes against their concentration gradient from low to high concentrations. Jens Christian Skou discovered the sodium-potassium pump which directly uses ATP. Secondary active transport utilizes the electrochemical gradient established by primary transport to also move solutes against their gradient. Bulk transport and vesicle transport move macromolecules in and out of cells through endocytosis, exocytosis, and transcytosis using vesicles formed from the plasma membrane.

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    Primary active transport uses carrier proteins and ATP to pump solutes against their concentration gradient from low to high concentrations. Jens Christian Skou discovered the sodium-potassium pump which directly uses ATP. Secondary active transport utilizes the electrochemical gradient established by primary transport to also move solutes against their gradient. Bulk transport and vesicle transport move macromolecules in and out of cells through endocytosis, exocytosis, and transcytosis using vesicles formed from the plasma membrane.

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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    116 views2 pages

    Active Transport Notes

    Uploaded by

    Xyra Mel Archog
    Primary active transport uses carrier proteins and ATP to pump solutes against their concentration gradient from low to high concentrations. Jens Christian Skou discovered the sodium-potassium pump which directly uses ATP. Secondary active transport utilizes the electrochemical gradient established by primary transport to also move solutes against their gradient. Bulk transport and vesicle transport move macromolecules in and out of cells through endocytosis, exocytosis, and transcytosis using vesicles formed from the plasma membrane.

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    Membrane Transport Primary Active Transport:

    ACTIVE PROCESSES
    Carrier Proteins
    - Bound to a specific solute molecule
    - Changes shape to allow solute to move from
    one side to another

    Adenosine Triphosphate
    - Form of energy needed to perform an active
    transport

    Passive Transport vs. Active Transport

    Passive Transport
    - High to low concentration gradient
    - Uses no energy
    - Simple Diffusion, Osmosis, Facilitated Diffusion

    Active Transport Jens Christian Skou


    - Low to high concentration gradient - Danish medical doctor who discovered the
    - Uses energy sodium-potassium pump
    - Pumps, Endocytosis, Exocytosis - studied crab’s nerves

    What is Active Transport? Secondary Active Transport:


    The transport that requires energy because the
    Electrochemical Gradient
    substance moves against the concentration
    - Combination of the electric gradient and
    gradient (low to high solute concentration).
    chemical gradient
    Cells are selectively permeable.
    The membrane chooses what substances go in
    and out of the cell.

    Types of Active Transport:


    1. Primary Active Transport
    - Uses ATP directly
    - Sodium-Potassium Pump

    Secondary Active Transport


    - Uses electrochemical gradient of ions
    - Sodium-Glucose Symporter
    Sodium-Glucose Symporter ● Pinocytosis/Bulk-Phase Endocytosis

    ● Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis

    2. Exocytosis

    3. Transcytosis

    1. ENDOCYTOSIS
    - Materials move into a cell in a vesicle formed
    from the plasma membrane (Tortora, 2014)

    Phagocytosis
    “Phagein” – devouring
    “Kytos” – cell
    “osis” - process

    Pinocytosis(Bulk-phase endocytosis)
    - “Cell-drinking”
    - No receptor proteins involved
    Bulk Transport or Vesicle Transportation
    Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis
    Bulk Transport/Vesicle Transport - Highly selective type (specific ligands)
    - Movement of macromolecules in and out of
    2. EXOCYTOSIS
    the cell
    - Releases material from the cell

    IMPORTANCE
    Secretory cells that liberate:
    - Digestive enzymes
    - Hormones
    - Mucous

    Nerve cells that release substances called


    neurotransmitters.
    Vesicles 3. TRANSCYTOSIS
    - small, spherical sac Movement of a substance through a cell as a
    - little blister or bladder result of endocytosis in one side and exocytosis
    on the opposite side

    Bulk Transport/Vesicle Transport


    1. Endocytosis

    ● Phagocytosis

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