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4 Types of Lesson

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There are four basic types of the lesson planning:

1. Logical line
2. Topic umbrella
3. Jungle path
4. Rag-bag

In a logical line lesson there is a clear attempt to follow a logical path from one activity to the next. “Logical
line” of activities means that there is a succession of tasks that gradually take the learners to the planned result.
The relationship of tasks in the “logical line” is that of “cause and consequences”. E.g. the learners first achieve
a general understanding of the text and then move on to work at specific details. In the “logical line” lesson
there is in most cases one clear and overall objective.

A topic umbrella lesson is given to one general topic (e.g. “healthy food”) that is used as the main focal point
for all the activities. The teacher might use a variety of activities such as “vocabulary”, “grammar”, “speaking”,
“listening”, “reading” and “writing” linked to one and the same umbrella topic. In a “topic umbrella” lesson
there can be a number of related objectives, e.g. to study the vocabulary related to “healthy food”, to study the
expression of future in the “if clauses” (If you eat … you will …), to listen to a lecture episode on healthy diets
etc.

Jungle path lesson is not planned or predicted in any way but is created moment by moment in class. The
starting point can be an open-ended activity such as brainstorming but the outcome will remain a mystery until
it happens in class. During this lesson a teacher focuses predominantly on the learners and the classroom
situation rather than on the materials and plans. E.g. the learners can ask about the language problems they have
come across in the reading activity and the whole work will shift in this direction. Thus, planning belongs to a
high degree to the learners themselves on the spur of the moment.

Rag-bag is a sequence of unconnected activities. These lessons are designed to keep the learners entertained
and involved. This type of lessons could be appropriate for the young learners with a short attention span. There
is no overall objective in such lessons.

(Scrivener, J. 1994. Learning Teaching. Heinemann. pp. 32-37)

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