Tyba S4 Syntax PDF
Tyba S4 Syntax PDF
Tyba S4 Syntax PDF
B h u p e n d r a N a n d la l K e s u r
Department of English
M . J . C o l l e g e , J a l g a on
Topics to be covered
2
3. My dog is playful.
Common Linking Verbs
REMAIN SEEM
SOUND BECOME
FEEL GROW
SMELL TASTE
LOOK
What is the Main Verb?
To walk
To speak
To write
Productivity of language
Phrase structure rules
Transformational rules
Phrase structure rules
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Σ
Poor John ran away
VP – V + Adv NP – Adj + N
ran away Poor John
Poor John ran away
1. S NP VP
2. NP {Det N, Pro, PN}
3. VP V (NP) (PP) (Adv)
4. PP P NP
5. AP A (PP)
Phrase Structure Rules & tree diagrams
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NP (Det) N
PP P NP
The boy P NP
Det N
VP V (NP) (PP)
S NP VP
took the money (VP) took the money from the bank
VP
V NP V NP PP
Det N
Det N P NP
took the money
Det N
NP VP
Det Adj N V PP
P NP
Det N
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Example (2)
The children put the toy in the box
S
NP VP
Det N V NP PP
Det N P NP
Det N
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Example 3
47
Deep and surface structure
48
PS rules Surface
Structure
Transformational grammar
PS rules
Deep Transformation
Structure
Surface
Structure
Structural ambiguity
51
NP VP
Det N V NP PP
Det N P NP
Det N
NP VP
Det N V NP
Det N PP
P NP
Det N
The boy saw the man with the telescope
Meaning: The boy saw the man. The53
man had a telescope.
Recursion
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a) Miriam swims.
b) The dog is barking.
c) Peter told the truth.
d) The wicked witch spilled the potion.
e) The runner with the best time won the
prize.
Exercises
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A simple predicate is
always the verb or
verbs that links up with
the subject.
Simple Predicate
Team pennants,
rock posters and
family
photographs
covered the
boy's bedroom
walls.
Can you find the compound
subjects?
Team
pennants, rock
posters and
family
photographs
covered the
boy's bedroom
walls.
Can you find the compound
subjects?
A compound predicate,
predicate is
more than one verb relating to
the same subject.
Can you find the compound predicate?
A main verb
A complete thought
Don‟t be distracted by a
prepositional phrase
Preposition—connects a noun,
pronoun, or verb with some other info
about it
Prepositional phrase—descriptive
word group that begins with a
preposition
Identifying the Subject
The squirrel ran up the tree to get away from the dog.
One of my friends takes classes at A&M.
Each of the students wants to pass the course.
Here is my class schedule.
Don‟t forget to study for the test. (You)
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