Barbarian Kingdoms

Barbarian kingdoms
The barbarian kingdoms were kingdoms dominated

by northern European tribes established all over the
Mediterranean after Barbarian Invasions from late
antiquity to the early middle ages. The term "barbarian"
has been commonly used by historians even though the
term was not used by the peoples in question and
carries considerable value judgement. Other terms used
include "Northern European kingdoms", "Romano-
northern European kingdoms",[2] and "post-Roman
kingdoms".
Contents Barbarian kingdoms in Europe and North Africa in 476 AD
Time frames
Kingdoms
Significance
See also
References
Further reading
External links
Time frames Barbarian kingdoms in 526 before

reconquest under Justinian I; also
Historically, the period of the Barbarian kingdoms spans the years from 409 to
shown are the Eastern Roman
910. It begins in 409 with several Barbarian kingdoms being established on the Empire, and the Germanic and Celtic
Iberian peninsula, including the Kingdom of the Suebi, the Alani Kingdom, and tribes outside of the territory of the
territories of Hasdingi and the Vandals. It ends with the partition of the Kingdom former Western Empire.
of Asturias in 910, a kingdom founded by a Visigothic nobleman Pelagius of
Asturias on the Iberian peninsula that by the time of its dissolution had a
majority speaking Vulgar Latin and only a scarce population speaking Visigothic
and Vandalic varieties of the East Germanic languages.
Kingdoms
The most important and most successful of these kingdoms was that of the 6th-century Visigothic coin, struck in
Franks. Established in the 4th to 5th century, the Frankish kingdom grew to the name of (eastern emperor)
include much of Western Europe, developing into the early medieval Carolingian Justinian I. Coins struck in the name
Empire and ultimately the Kingdom of France and the Holy Roman Empire of of the emperor remained common
well into the 6th century.[1]
the high medieval period and beyond. The Frankish Realm continued until 843,
when it was partitioned. Realms resulting from this event included West Francia
(predecessor of modern France), Middle Francia and East Francia (predecessor of modern Germany).
Other major kingdoms included those of the Visigoths and Ostrogoths; both were established in the 5th century. The Ostrogothic
kingdom was re-conquered by the Eastern Roman Empire in the 550s, while the Visigothic kingdom survived into the 8th
century, but finally fell to the Muslim invasion of Hispania. The Kingdom of the Lombards in Italy was established in the 6th
century and conquered by the Franks in 774. The Alemannic Kingdom was established in the 3rd century; it became a duchy
subject to the Franks in 496, although this overlordship was at times nominal and Alemannia remained semi-independent until the
8th century. The Vandal Kingdom existed in Africa and Sicily from 435 until 534. The kingdoms of the Burgundians and of the
Suebi were established in the early 5th century, and fell to the Franks and the Visigoths, respectively, in the 6th century.
In the Eastern part of Europe formatted dominant Barbarian states as the Hunnic Empire (370–469), the Avar Khaganate (567–
after 822), Old Great Bulgaria (632–668), the Khazar Khaganate (c. 650–969) and Danube Bulgaria (founded by Asparuh in
680), all of them constantly rivaling the hegemony of the Byzantine Empire and the rest of Europe.
Significance
The Barbarian kingdoms marked the transition from Late Antiquity to the Early Middle Ages in the 6th and 7th centuries,
gradually replacing the Roman system of government on the lands of the Western Roman Empire, notably in the two western
prefectures of Gaul and Italy.[3]
These kingdoms were foederati of the Roman Empire, and even after the fall of the Western Roman Empire in AD 476 they
continued to at least nominally consider themselves subject to the Eastern Emperor. These historical ties with the empire were
weakened in the later 6th century, with the loss of much of the western possessions of the empire under Justin II and the waning
power projection by the empire, weakened by its wars with the Persians and the Arab invasion.
As a result, the "barbarian kingdoms" by the 7th to 8th centuries developed the system of feudalism characteristic of the European
Middle Ages. The title of "emperor" was revived in the west by Charlemagne in AD 800. At the same time, the Carolingian
Renaissance developed the notion of Europe as a geopolitical entity with a history separate from that of the wider Mediterranean
region.
See also
Early Middle Ages Germanic Europe
Byzantine Empire under the Justinian dynasty Latin Church
History of Europe Germanic Christianity
Migration Period Germanic Heroic Age
Dark Ages (historiography) Romano-Germanic culture
Core Europe Timeline of Germanic kingdoms in the Iberian
Peninsula
References
1. Michael Frassetto, The Early Medieval World: From the Fall of Rome to the Time of Charlemagne vol. 1 "Coins
and Coinage", p. 203 (https://books.google.ch/books?id=6feKDfRM9sYC&pg=PA203#v=onepage&q&f=false).
2. Chris Wickham, Framing the Early Middle Ages: Europe and the Mediterranean 400-800, Oxford (2005).
3. Kidner et al. (eds.), Making Europe: People, Politics, and Culture vol. 1 (2009), 198–203 (https://books.google.ch/
books?id=sroFl-rIRhYC&pg=PA198#v=onepage&q&f=false). J. Herrmann, E.- Zürcher (eds.), History of
Humanity: From the seventh century B.C. to the seventh century A.D., UNESCO (1996), p. 255 (https://books.go
ogle.ch/books?id=WGUz01yBumEC&pg=PA255).
Further reading
Walter Pohl (ed.), Kingdoms of the Empire: The Integration of Barbarians in Late Antiquity, BRILL (1997).
Michael Frassetto, Encyclopedia of Barbarian Europe: Society in Transformation, ABC-CLIO (2003).
Thomas F. X. Noble (ed.), From Roman Provinces to Medieval Kingdoms, Routledge (2006)
Danuta Shanzer (ed.), Romans, Barbarians, and the Transformation of the Roman World: Cultural Interaction
and the Creation of Identity in Late Antiquity, Routledge, (2016).
Guy Halsall, Warfare and Society in the Barbarian West 450-900, Routledge (2008).
Robert A. Markus "From Rome to the Barbarian Kingdoms (330–700)" in: John McManners (ed.), The Oxford
Illustrated History of Christianity, OUP (2001), Oxford, 62–91.
David Rollason, Early Medieval Europe 300-1050: The Birth of Western Society, Routledge (2014).
Chris Wickham, Framing the Early Middle Ages: Europe and the Mediterranean 400-800, Oxford (2005).
External links
Mike Markowitz, Ancient Coins: Coinage of the Barbarian Invaders (http://www.coinweek.com/featured-news/anci
ent-coins-coinage-barbarian-invaders/), CoinWeek (8 September 2014)
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Barbarian kingdoms

The barbarian kingdoms were kingdoms dominated

Contents Barbarian kingdoms in Europe and North Africa in 476 AD

Time frames Barbarian kingdoms in 526 before

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Barbarian_kingdoms&oldid=917504284"

This page was last edited on 24 September 2019, at 04:06 (UTC).

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