International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 05 Issue: 02 | Feb-2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

SOLAR WATER PUMPING SYSTEM

Mr. Bhong Sagar1, Mr. Kale Madhav 2, Mr. Shinde Kishor3, Mr. Bobade Rameshwar4
Prof. Pandhi Tushar4
1,2,3,4Student,Electrical Engineering, MET’s Institute of Engineering, Adgaon, Nashik
5Asst Professor, MET’s Institute of Engineering, Adgaon, Nashik
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Abstract - Agricultural technology is changing rapidly. pumps, thus reducing diesel consumption further. Due to the
Farm machinery, farm building and production facilities are high capital costs that are still associated with solar systems,
constantly being improved. Agricultural applications suitable simple paybacks of seven to eight years are generally
for photovoltaic (PV) solutions are numerous. These achievable only where pumping currently occurs for more
applications are a mix of individual installations and systems than half the year. These costs are expected to reduce over
installed by utility companies when they have found that a PV the coming years as price reductions occur within the solar
solution is the best solution for remote agricultural need such PV and commercial battery storage industries.
as water pumping for crops or livestock. A solar powered
water pumping system is made up of two basic components. 1.1LITERATURE REVIEW
These are PV panels and pumps. The smallest element of a PV
panel is the solar cell. Each solar cell has two or more specially 1.1.1. System Overview
prepared layers of semiconductor material that produce direct
current (DC) electricity when exposed to light. This DC current Photovoltaic water pumping system are comprised
is collected by the wiring in the panel. It is then supplied either of various segments. There is a photovoltaic array which
to a DC pump or AC pump (after conversion), which in turn changes over solar energy straight forwardly into electricity
pumps water whenever the sun shines use by the pump. The as DC. The pump will have an electric motor to drive it. The
aim of this article is to explain how solar powered water attributes of these segments should be coordinated to get the
pumping system works and what the differences with the other best performance. The pump motor unit will have its own
energy sources. particular ideal speed and stack contingent upon the sort
and size of the pump. Motor can be DC or AC. On the off
Key Words: Solar Panel, Centrifugal Pump, Inverter, chance that an AC motor is utilized then an inverter is
MOSFET. likewise required. Ac motors are all the more broadly
accessible. Inverters have gotten to be modest and proficient
1. INTRODUCTION and solar pumping system use exceptional electronically
controlled variable-frequency inverters which will improve
A solar energy-powered water pump is a water pump coordinating between the panel and the pump. The most
running on the electricity that is generated by solar effective kind of DC motor is a permanent magnet motor,
photovoltaic modules. Solar photovoltaic (PV) systems can These are getting to be mainstream in solar pumping system.
be an attractive complementary energy source deployed All present day, commercial PV devices use silicon as the
alongside diesel pumps in areas with plenty of sunshine and base material, basically as mono crystalline or multi-
where the cost to run power lines is high. Photovoltaic crystalline cells, however all the more as of late additionally
systems have the benefit of being scalable, with capacity in amorphous structure. Different materials, for example,
ranging from a few watts for applications such as automated copper indium diselenide and cadmium telluride are being
farm gates or timers, to hundreds of kilowatts for the produced with the point of decreasing expenses and
homestead and farm sheds. Rather than having one large enhancing efficiencies. An array can change from maybe a
centralized system, a number of distributed PV systems can couple modules with a yield of low or less, to an
be deployed at pump sites. immeasurable bank of a few kilowatts or even megawatts.

Solar pumping systems are best suited for transfer 2. Control Technique/ Method/Strategy
operations (to pump water out of bore, for instance, or
transfer it from dam to storage tank) in which pumps run Ideas identified with the sun oriented vitality have always
continuously for most of the day. Applications that require been under overwhelming innovative work. The essential
water to be pumped at night are not as well suited to solar- goal is to improve the vitality delivered from photovoltaic
powered pumps, as storage solutions such as batteries and cells, by making the general frameworks more productive
storage tanks can add significantly to the cost of the system. and cost effectives. Here different processes are proposed to
Although these energy storage solutions can be expensive, achieve the efficient water pumping system followed by
they allow for greater utilization of the PV system. technology regarding to its system components. The
Depending on the application, stocked water can be fed by framework involves the accompanying parts:
gravity when there is insufficient sunlight to power the solar

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 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 05 Issue: 02 | Feb-2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

1) Photovoltaic panels nourished back to the controller, to change the frequency

2) DC/DC converter yield of the inverter and keep the system working at a
maximum power point tracking.
3) DC/AC inverter
4) Induction motor
5) Centrifugal pump.

Powerful execution of photovoltaic evaluating so as

to pump system is done a few control methodologies and
enhancement procedures. They identified with the outline of
the step-up converter and improvement of the induction
motor productivity. Concerning converter design, They have Fig-1:Six step square wave inverter
demonstrated that when the dc-transport differs with
accessible power, it is conceivable to enhance its proficiency. 3. PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION
For induction motor control, three sensorless alternatives
methods are discussed, also shown that Indirect Field Mostly, the batteries utilized as apart of framework
Oriented Control method combined with the q-axis voltage have a low life time, about two years, which is to a great
model was the most stable at start-up. Another point degree low contrasted with the helpful existence of 20 years
explained is power factor optimization with feedback loop, of a PV module. Also, installation and upkeep of such
which demonstrates the best arrangement as far as pumping frameworks make the expense considerably high. Besides, if
system effectiveness. At the point when utilizing balanced there should arise an occurrence of crisis the absence of
current, it is not important to set any reference value, which battery swap is in charge of the disappointment of such
results in a less complex plan than power factor modification frameworks in separated ranges.
on the grounds that it needs a reference esteem that is
difficult to figure over the entire working reach. It was The large portion of business frameworks utilize
impractical to apply an inquiry calculation effectively low voltage dc motors, consequently keeping away from a
because of autonomous nature of solar radiation. There are support stage between the PV module and the motor.
favorable circumstances in maintaining a strategic distance Unfortunately,dc motors have lesser effectiveness and
from the utilization of expansive banks of lead acid batteries, highest upkeep prize contrasted with affectation motors and
which are overwhelming and costly and have one fifth of the are not best choice for applications in detached zones, where
lifetime of a photovoltaic panel. It is critical, that the absence there is no master staff for working and keeping up these
of batteries does not bargain the effectiveness of the end-to- motors. Another issue is that low-voltage dc motors are not
end power conversion chain, from panels to mechanical standard things in the nearby markets. We can supplant
pump. Hybridization through combining photovoltaic and these motors by Permanent Magnet DC motor or (PMSM)
fuel cell energy sources in one supply system. The system however these are minimal unreasonable. While
displayed is a water pumping system without battery contemplating converter topology it is found that the
module, utilizing a six-step inverter to change the frequency majority of framework comprise of isolated voltage-fed
and track the crest power of the PV exhibit. With batteryless converters which have a high input current ripple, it forces
system, the power produced by the PV Array must be to utilize extensive data filter capacitors in framework &
utilized totally to pump the water; thus, the water capacity regularly they are electrolytic, which have a little lifetime , it
tank can be utilized as a circuitous vitality stockpiling gadget. straightforwardly influence general life time of converter.
The extent of the capacity tank ought to be contingent upon Also voltage-fed converters have inherent step-down
size of the PV Array and the yearly local sunlight based characteristic, for this huge transformer turns proportion
radiation level. Here, peak power tracking is done by expected to support the output voltage, the high output
utilizing the dc-ac inverter. Another work of inverter is to diode voltage stress, and the interest of a LC output filter
conform the frequency of the induction motor to change for make it to fee I that as second decision for this application.
the peak power output of the PV array, in the nonappearance Comparatively, current-fed converters have some advantage.
of battery, the voltage across the dc bus might fall when As they have an inductor at the input, which has tendency to
there is an uneven information yield power relationship in have data current ripple as low as required, in this manner
the dc bus. Along these lines, the control of the system is precluding the need of the input capacitor at the board
more confounded than that for the system with a dc battery voltage, they are picked up from the boost converter, having
on the dc bus. Here to build the output of the water pump, a basic high step-up voltage ratio, which dispose of the
the speed of the water pump is expanded by modifying the required transformer turns ratio. To ensure the maximum
frequency of the inverter is recommended. The output of the utilization of the available energy dc/dc converter with a
inverter is variable frequency ac which is done by operating higher voltage transformation ratio is suggested. It is due to
the six-step square wave inverter, furthermore utilizing the the low-voltage property of the PV panels and small input
inverter as the peak power tracker, the quantity of switches current ripple so that it does not oscillate over the maximum
and the switching losses can be minimized. The output power point (MPP) of the PV module.
power of the PV Array, the dc voltage, and the dc current are

© 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1325
 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 05 Issue: 02 | Feb-2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

2.1 Working REFERENCES

1. Photovoltaic based Water Pumping System by S.G.

Malla, C.N. Bhende and S. Mishra.

2. A literature survey of Photovoltaic Water Pumping

System S. R. Shaikh* and Prof A. M.
Jain,MaulanaMukhtar Ahmad Nadvi Technical
Campus, Malegaon, Nashik-423032, India. K. K.
Wagh Institute of Engineering Education and
Research, Nashik-422003, India.

3. New York State Energy Research and Development

Authority (NYSERDA), “An Introduction to Solar
Fig-2:Solar water pumping by using photovoltaic system. Energy Applications for Agriculture

4. M. Dubey, S. Sharma, and R. Saxena, "Solar pv stand-

The figure shows the simplified diagram of solar water
alone water pumping system employing pmsm
pumping system. The energy from the sun is converted into
drive," in Electrical, Electronics and Computer
the electrical energy in the form of DC voltage which fed to
Science (SCEECS), 2014 IEEE Students'
the battery and inverter at same time. Battery store this
energy and inverter convert this DC voltage into AC voltage,
which is input to the AC pump. Inverter is required between
the PV panel and the motor to convert from the direct
current generated by the solar panel to the alternate current
required by the electric pump motor.

System components:
Photovoltaic array: An array of photovoltaic modules
connected in series and possibly strings of modules
connected in parallel.

Controller: An electronic device which matches the PV power

to the motor and regulates the operation, starting and
stopping of the PVP. The controller is mostly installed on the
surface although some PVPs have the controller integrated in
the submersible motor-pump set:

A. DC controller: usually based on a DC to DC controller with

fixed voltage set point operation.

B. AC controller (inverter): converts DC electricity from the

array to alternating current electricity often with maximum
power point tracking.

Pump: The most common pump types are the helical rotor
pump (also referred to as progressive cavity), the diaphragm
pump, the piston pump and the centrifugal pump.

CONCLUSION:
From above discussion it has been cleared that Non-
conventional energy sources degraded day by day, so it’s
mandatory to move conventional energy sources like solar,
wind, tidal, etc. For that purpose we used solar energy to
produce electricity to run the pump.

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