1438600436trace Minerals in Poultry Nutrition PDF
1438600436trace Minerals in Poultry Nutrition PDF
1438600436trace Minerals in Poultry Nutrition PDF
T R A C E M I N E R A L S I N P O U LT R Y N U T R I T I O N
Need Of Absorption of Trace Mineral
Trace Minerals trace minerals Sourcing
in the intestine
Micronutrients as trace minerals The requirements for trace
play a vital role in various Trace Minerals are absorbed in minerals are often fulfilled by
metabolic, enzymatic and the intestine in ionic forms. They concentrations present in
biochemical reactions ultimately are usually supplemented in conventional feed ingredients.
leading to better growth rate, egg inorganic salts, which get Soils vary, however, in their
production and feed efficiency. dissociated after entering the content of trace minerals, and
Trace minerals have a very system. The free metal ion first plants vary in their uptake
important role to play in the gets attached to an organic of minerals. Consequently,
mechanism of nutrient circulation molecule or “escort”. Due to feedstuffs grown in certain
in the animal organism. multiple antagonistic reactions of geographic areas may be
Deficiency or imbalance of any of ingredients in the animal marginal or deficient in specific
these vital micronutrients results
digestive system and limited elements. Thus, poultry diets may
in deficiency disease, metabolic
ligand /escort availability require supplementation to
disorders, poor growth rate, low
whatever minerals are able to ensure adequate intake of trace
egg production, low hatchability
find an escort are absorbed and minerals.
and low feed efficiency.
balance is excreted. Minerals come from rocks and
The absorption process of often are thought of as inert,
Role Of mineral is well expressed in inorganic substances. Naturally
Trace Minerals the fig.1 occurring minerals are usually
Iodine l It is required for synthesis of thyroid l Increase in the size of thyroid gland
hormone, thyroxin, which regulates the called goitre.
rate of metabolism. l Retention of yolk in the hatched chicks.
l Regulates rate of cellular oxidation. l Lower hatchability
l Regulates neuromuscular functions.
Zinc (mg) 35.0 70.0 65.0 56.66 Organic Trace minerals and the
inability of inorganic extra
Selenium (mg) 0.3 0.25 0.15 0.23
supplementation to achieve the
same results.(Table 8)
Table 8: Effect of Independent Providing supplemental trace
supplementation of Micro Nutrients mineral sources that are readily
on Broiler breeder Performance bioavailable to the animal will,
(47-67 Weeks of age) further, allow for a lower inclusion
Parameters Control with Control + Control + 20% rate in the diet and thus minimize
inorganic Organic extra mineral losses in animal excreta.
Trace Trace inorganic Use of organic trace minerals has
minerals minerals* Trace Minerals
been limited because of their high
Depletion % 6.66 c
2.22 a
4.44 b
cost relative to inorganic sources.
Hen Housed Total Eggs 78.07 81.3 77.3 However in the future, if
Hen Housed H.E 76.61 79.63 75.86 regulations are placed on the
H.E. A grade % 73.53 74.42 72.33 amount of certain trace minerals
H.E. B grade % 18.34 a
17.32 a
19.67 b that can appear in animal excreta,
H.E C grade % 6.26 6.21 6.12 organic trace minerals may
Broken Eggs % 1.63 1.91 1.74 become more widely used.
Hen Day Prod% 57.82bc 58.86ab 56.71bc There are many chemical and
% Hatch Salable chicks 81.69 82.27 81.41 structural differences between
Fertility % 88.59 89 88.49 various types of organic trace
% Embryonic Mortality 4.95 4.99 5.12 minerals used in livestock diets.
% Cull Chicks 1.63 1.62 1.72 Bioavailability differences also
exist between trace mineral
Chicks per Breeder 62.58 65.51 61.75
sources. Complexed trace
* Availa Z/M - Zinpro,USA.
minerals have increased It is important to note that the soluble metal salt with a
bioavailability when compared to metal is still complexed to polysaccharide solution. The
inorganic trace minerals. individual amino acids, but that polysaccharide matrix envelops
Complexed trace minerals have the amino acids are not specified. the trace mineral and may provide
been shown to exhibit superior Individual amino acids will have some physical protection from gut
metabolic activity and to enhance the ability to donate electrons degradation.
animal performance. from both the nitrogen and Metal organic acid salts are
Presently there are five oxygen atoms. By utilizing only highly soluble forms of organic
categories of organic trace individual amino acids, the total acids. They dissolve and rapidly
minerals as defined by the molecular weight of the complex dissociate in the digestive tract of
Association of American Feed is kept low. the animal and offer no
Control Officials. By definition, metal chelates improvement over inorganic
1. Metal (Specific Amino Acid) are the same as proteinates sources.
Complex except that there is a maximum
2. Metal Amino Acid Complex. molecular weight that is given to
Conclusion
3. Metal Amino Acid Chelate chelates. The maximum
4. Metal Proteinate molecular weight of a chelate is
800 daltons. By definition, the Trace minerals play a vital role
5. Metal Polysaccharide
metal to amino acid ration is 1: 1 in poultry nutrition. The
6. Metal Organic Acid (Proposed)
up to 1: 3 thus accounting for the requirements of different classes
The most noted and researched
increased molecular weight of of poultry, selection of the salt, and
category of these is the metal
chelates compared to complexes. the quality of the trace mineral
(specific amino acid) complexes.
Increasing ligand size decreases used are areas that warrant
This is a very consistent and
bond strength and may reduce attention. Further, the bio-
defined molecule with a specific
absorption. availability of inorganic minerals
chemical structure. Examples of
to the bird is limited due to
this type of organic trace mineral Metal proteinates are less
natural factors; hence the role of
would be zinc methionine, consistent by definition and vary
organic trace minerals to improve
manganese methionine, copper in production and research
mineral availability in high
lysine and iron methionine. These results. The first step in the
producing poultry may be
products are very well defined, manufacturing process is an
examined.
specific in nature and consistent incomplete digestion of a protein
in production, batch after batch. source. This incomplete digestion
Metal amino acid complexes process yields varying lengths of
are very similar to the metal peptide chains that are then References:
(specific amino acid) complexes. exposed to either a single metal 1. Ganpule S.P. and K.C. Koshy(2002),Trial
Research paper, Godrej Agrovet Ltd, Bangalore
The only difference between these or several metal atoms at once. 2. Lall and Prasad; (Under Publication)
3. Prasad T, A. Chhabra and S. Parnerkar ; Satish
two categories is that the amino Metal polysaccharides are the Chander Memorial Lecture, Mineral
Supplements in India: certain constraints and
acid is not specified in this group. products resulting from mixing a recent findings,PP191-195
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