Jurnal 5
Jurnal 5
Jurnal 5
E-ISSN: 2278-4136
P-ISSN: 2349-8234 Phytochemical analysis and Evaluation of
JPP 2017; 6(6): 1565-1569
Received: 14-09-2017 Antimicrobial activity in Ethnomedicinal herb
Accepted: 17-10-2017
Corynandra chelidonii Var. pallae (Cleomaceae)
Subhash Sirangi
Plant systematics laboratory,
Department of Botany,
Kakatiya University, Warangal,
Subhash Sirangi and Ajmeera Ragan
Telangana, India
Abstract
Ajmeera Ragan Phytochemistry is mainly concerned with enormous varieties of secondary plant metabolites which are
Plant systematics laboratory, biosynthesized by plants. Preliminary phytochemical investigations of leaves extract have been carried
Department of Botany, out by using different solvents (methanol, ethyl acetate and n-hexane) for the presence of various
Kakatiya University, Warangal, phytoconstituents. Phytochemical analysis of various solvent extracts of leaves had shown the presence
Telangana, India of alkaloids, glycosides, Tanins, Phenols, Flavonoids, and Steroids. And also leaf extract evaluated for
antibacterial activity against gram positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus) and gram
negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes) two concentrations of extracts 600µg/ml
and 900µg/ml were used. The extract of leaf inhibited the growth of all the test samples. The zone of
inhibition increased with increase in concentration of the test solution. High inhibition zone was observed
in methanol extracts with 900µg/ml concentration in Enterobacter aerogenes (18mm).
1. Introduction
A new variety of Cleome chelidonii was describedfrom the littoral waters of Pakhal reservoir
(Pakhal Forest Reserve, Warangal district, northern Telangana). (Reddy & Raju, 2001) [25].
This herb is commonly called Adavi avalu and the seeds are used as condiment. These species
is having ethnomedicinal, ecological and economic importance. Cleome chelidonii and Cleome
viscosa contain glucocapparin and glucocleomin Callus and suspension cultures of Cleome
chelidonii produced glucosinolates (Songsak & Lockwood, 2004) [23]. Cleome chelidonii is
generally known to be used for the treatment of colic, dysentery, headache, otitis and
rheumatism (Kirtikar & Basu, 1991) [11]. Recently, Corynandra Schard. ex Spreng., the earlier
name for the segregated genus Arivelia Raf. of Cleome (Cleomaceae) was reinstated (Cohrane
& Iltis, 2014) [6]. Accordingly, Cleome feline L.f., Cleome flava (Banks ex DC.) and Cleome
viscoasa L. were transferred to Corynandra. Hence, Cleome chelidonii L.f. is to be called
Corynandra chelidonii (L.f) Cocharane & Iltis. The local endemic taxon Cleome chelidonii
var. pallae becomes Corynandra chelidonii var. pallae (reddy & raju) V.S. Raju, ined. (V.S.
Raju, per. comm.) Which grows as perennial in the local water bodies with 3-6 foliate leaves,
pink flowers and 2-3 inch pods. It is a rare endemic and its population is on decline and it is
not seen at pakhal over the past three years.
(Sofowora 1993; Harborne 1998) [22, 10]. Phytochemical Bacterial cultures/Test organisms
analysis are the presence of medicinally active constituents. Gram negative -Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes
Gram positive- Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus,
Test for alkaloids Streptomycin is used as a control.
A small portion of the extract was stirred separately with a
few drops of dilute hydrochloric acid and filtered. The filtrate Media used for the assay
was carefully tested with various alkaloidal reagents such as NAM medium (Nutrient agar medium)
Mayer’s reagent, Dragondroff’s reagent and Wagner’s Peptone-0.5g, Beff extract-0.3g, NaCl- 0.5g, Agar-2gm,
reagent. DH2O-100mL
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biological properties is their cytotoxicity (Nobori et al., 1994) organisms in vitro. Their activity is probably due to their
[14]
. Several workers have reported the analgesic (Antherden, ability to complex with extracellular and soluble proteins and
1969) [2] antisplasmodic and antibacterial (Stray, 1998; Okwu, to complex with bacterial cell wall (Marjorie, 1996) [13]. They
and Okwu, 2004) [4, 17] properties of alkaloids. Glycosides are effective antioxidants and show strong anticancer
were present in leaf extracts of Corynandra chelidonii var. activities (Del-Rio et al., 1997; Okwu, 2004) [8, 18]. Sterols
pallae Glycosides are known to lower the blood pressure have been reported to have antibacterial properties (Raquel,
according to many reports (Nyarko and Addy 1990) [15]. The 2007) [19] and they are very important compounds especially
results obtained in this study thus suggest the identified due to their relationship with compounds such as sex
phytochemical compounds may be the bioactive constituents hormones (Okwu, 2001) [16]. Leaf extract evaluated for
and these plants are proving to be an increasingly valuable antibacterial activity against gram positive bacteria (Bacillus
reservoir of bioactive compounds of substantial medicinal subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus) and gram negative bacteria
merit. The phenolic compounds are one of the largest and (Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes) two
most ubiquitous groups of plant metabolites (Singh et al., concentrations of extracts 600µg/ml and 900µg/ml were used.
2007) [21] and they are present in leaf extracts of Corynandra The extract of leaf inhibited the growth of all the test samples.
chelidonii var. pallae. They possess biological properties such The zone of inhibition increased with increase in
as antiapoptosis, antiaging, anticarcinogen, antiinflammation, concentration of the test solution. High inhibition zone was
antiatherosclerosis, cardiovascular protection and observed in methanol extracts with 900µg/ml concentration in
improvement of endothelial function, as well as inhibition of Enterobacter aerogenes (18mm). Methanol extract has
angiogenesis and cell proliferation activities (Han et al., 2007) exhibited highest and significant antibacterial activity against
[9]
. Several studies have described the antioxidant properties all seven bacteria in Cleome viscosa (Saradha et al 2010) [20]
of medicinal plants which are rich in phenolic compounds the antimicrobial activity of the ethanolic extract and its
(Brown and Rice-Evans, 1998; Krings and Berger, 2001) [5, 12]. various fractions of Cleome rutidosperma were studied (Bose
Natural antioxidant mainly comes from plants in the form of et al 2007) [4].
phenolic compounds such as flavonoid, phenolic acids,
tocopherols etc. (Ali et al., 2008) [1]. The extracts of Acknowledgements
Corynandra chelidonii var. pallae leaf extracts were also SS is grateful to University Grants Commission, New Delhi,
revealed to contain flavonoids. They are hydroxylated for the award of BSR-RFSMS Fellowship, the Head of the
phenolic substances known to be synthesized by plants in Department of Botany and Prof. Dr. Vatsavaya S. Raju;
response to microbial infection and they have been found to Kakatiya University, Warangal for constructive suggestions.
be antimicrobial substances against wide array of micro
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