Ancient Greece
Ancient Greece
Ancient Greece
A trip through
Ancient Greece
The Mediterranean World
Greece
I. Ancient Civilizations
a. People living in river valleys depended on the
rivers flooding for fertile land.
II. Greece
a. Did not depend on flooding.
b. Had no rivers.
c. Had mountainous land and deep valleys with
rugged highlands (hills).
d. Mountains divided the people.
e. Greece is located in Southeastern Europe.
III. Seas Surrounding Greece
a. Aegean Sea is to the East of Greece.
b. Ionian Sea to the West of Greece in
btw. Greece and Italy.
c. Mediterranean Sea to the South of
Greece.
d. These seas made Greece a
crossroads for trade.
e. Greece had long coastlines with many
bays which were good for trading.
IV. Settlements
a. Most people lived along the coast.
b. Soil was rich and there was a mild
climate which was good for farming
and raising animals.
c. The Greeks sold their crops to other
lands located across the seas.
d. Trade spread Greek ideas and Greeks
got the alphabet and coins from other
civilizations. (CULTURAL DIFFUSION)
Greek Alphabet-Extra Info
Used to write the Greek
language since about the
9th century BC
First to use separate
symbols for each vowel
and consonant
Modification of the
Phoenician alphabet
Gave rise to Latin
alphabet
V. Greece’s Geography
voting chips
Athens Government cont.
Socrates
Leader in revolution in thinking
Spent life questioning assumptions
Rejected conventional wisdom
Examine all issues rationally through dialogue
Search for universal truths
Use reason and logic to study people
Group of youthful followers – Plato, Xenophon
EXTRA INFO:
Plato (427–347 BC)
Writer of philosophical dialogues - Socrates' point of view
Founder of the Academy in Athens
Lectured on politics, ethics, metaphysics, & epistemology
Themes in dialogues:
– best possible form of government
– role of heredity & the environment on human intelligence &
personality
– distinction between knowledge and true belief
Philosophers-Extra Info
Aristotle (384 BC –322 BC)
Student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great
Wrote books on physics, poetry, zoology, logic,
rhetoric, politics, government and biology
One of the few figures in history who studied
almost every subject possible at the time
III.The Greeks Fight Against Each Other
a. During its Golden Age, Athens became the
most powerful city-state and began to act
unwisely.
b. Delian League
i. Alliance between leaders of Athens that
forced other city-states to join.
ii. Athenians used funds from league to
put up public buildings in Athens.
iii. Athenian generals interfered with
issues in other city-states
this angered other city-states.
c. Peloponnesian War
i. Athens’ strength was at sea,
Sparta’s strength was on land.
ii. This made it hard to gain
the advantage at war.
iii. Sparta and other city-states
rebelled against Athens by joining
together and fighting.
iv. A plague broke out in Athens and
killed many, causing their
government to fall and making
Athens surrender.
IV. Decline of the Greek City-States