The Child and Adolescent Learners and Learning Principles
The Child and Adolescent Learners and Learning Principles
The Child and Adolescent Learners and Learning Principles
THE BASIC CONCEPTS OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT a.) Development proceeds from head downward.
This is called cephalo-caudal
Human Development principle/ pattern. The child gains
the pattern of movement or change that begins at control of the head first, then the arm,
conception and continues through the life span of a person. then the legs. Infants develop control of
the scientific of the quantitative and qualitative ways by the head and face movements within
which people change over time. the first 2 months after birth
aware of what is right or what is wrong; to unfold standards - We can expect individual differences in developmental
or habits that have to do with right or wrong conduct. characteristics and variation in the ages when people will experience
events that will influence their development.
5.) Spiritual Development
5. Development involves growth, maintenance and regulation
An evolved refinement of though and feeling of the spirit or
soul as distinguished from the body or material matters. - Growth, maintenance and regulation are (3) goals of human
A consciousness; of religion or the church. development. The goals of individuals vary among development
stages.
Two Approaches to Human Development
Other principle of Development includes:
If you believe that 2 people will show extensive change from birth to
adolescence, little or no change in adulthood and decline in late old A. Development is continuous- one stage of development lays the
age, your approach to development is TRADITIONAL. In contrast, if foundation for the next stage of development
you believe that even in adulthood development change takes place B. Early development is more critical than later development
as it does during childhood, your approach is TERMED LIFE-SPAN
APPROACH. C. The child develops as unified whole
Characteristics of life-span perspective by Paul Baltes D. Early development takes place in stages- each stage has a
certain unique characteristics and in each stage, certain types of
Development is lifelong. It does not end in adulthood. No behaviour or traits are more conspicuous than others.
developmental stage dominates development.
Development is multidimensional. Development consist E. Each phase of development has characteristics behaviour
of biological, cognitive, and socio-emotional dimensions
Development is plastic. Development is possible the patterns of behaviour are marked by period of
throughout the life span. equilibrium and periods of disequilibrium.
Development is contextual. Individuals are changing F. Each phase of development has its own hazard
beings in a changing world
There are sample evidence that each phase of
Principles of Human Development development associated with its certain development
1.) Development is relatively orderly. hazard
Two Types of Pattern: G. There are periods of accelerated growth and decelerated growth
H. Development is influenced by heredity and environment
The Child and Adolescent Learners and Learning Principles- Midterms
I. Development is product of maturation and learning 3.) Growth is for limited period of time
J. Development is influenced by heredity and environment 4.) Growth can be measured
K. Development is product of maturation and learning. 5.) Growth tells about one’s aspect of personality nut in a
limited scope.
The Entire Period of Development is Divided into 5 Stages
DEVELOPMENT
Parental Period - growth of all body parts.
1. Development is quantitative as well as qualitative.
1.) Infancy- period of new-born
2. In this with the physical changes cognitive social and
2.) Babyhood emotional change are also included.
3.) Childhood- 2 to 13 years of age 3. Development takes place till death
Early Childhood 4. It can be observes by mature behaviour
Late Childhood- “gang age”
5. Development deals with all the aspect of personality and
4.)Adolescence- twelve years onwards has a vast scope.
Early Adolescence- physical growth is rapid Relation between Growth, Maturation and Learning
Later Adolescence- tapering off of physical
growth but the psychological development MATURATION
continuous in many complex ways
refers to sequential characteristic of biological growth and
5.) Adulthood- physical changes are nearly complete but the development. Maturation is the process by which we
psychological adjustment continue. change, grow and develop throughout life and enable
orderly changes in behavior, relatively uninfluenced by
Why is it important for us o have knowledge about the principle experience. It is also an increase in competence and
of development? adaptability.
It helps us to know what to expect and when to expect it. Different Types of Maturation
It gives the adult information as to when to stimulate the
child. It gives a basis for planning the environmental THE PHYSICAL MATURATION
encouragement that must be offered and the correct time - indicates the physical development and growth that we go
of this encouragement. through as we get older. A child goes through some very
It makes possible for parents, teachers and other who work distinct physical maturity as they progress through all their
with the children to prepare the child ahead of time for the development stages. For example, in the early stages of
changes that will take place in his body, interests or his development, a child depends on reflexes majorly. Then as
behaviour. they age, they develop their motor skills and coordination.
They also grow taller and add more weight as they
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT develop. Their body goes through hormonal changes as
Growth and development are similar words but different they leave adolescence and enter early adulthood.
from each other though it is not possible to separate them THE COGNITIVE MATURATION
totally.
- refers to the cognitive development of children from birth to
Is the physical process of development adulthood. It refers to how babies think, learn, interact with
Growth if often referred as QUANTITATIVE change their environment, etc. Some important aspect of cognitive
development is the processing of information, language
It is the process of physical maturation resulting an development, reasoning skills, development of intellects
increase in size of the body and various organs. It occurs and memory.
by multiplication of cells and an increase in intercellular
substance Principles of Maturation