Disaster Mamagemnt System in India
Disaster Mamagemnt System in India
Disaster Mamagemnt System in India
Introduction
Disasters are serious, dangerous and intolerable phenomena. Thousands of people die in a moment.
Millions of people may become homeless within a day. Huge infrastructure may get damaged within a
few seconds or minutes. Disasters are the catastrophic events shocking the whole world and making the
humanity to feel very sad and depressed. All life and life-support systems are also affected by these
unexpected incidences. What is required, ultimately, is to minimize the effects of these disasters by
applying certain disaster management practices. The subject of disaster management is a compulsory
part of learning by all students in earth and atmospheric sciences.
Sendai Framework
Third UN World Conference in Sendai, Japan, on March 18, 2015 (UNISDR 2015a) as the successor
instrument to the Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015. It is a non-binding agreement, which the
signatory nations, including India, will attempt to comply with on a voluntary basis.
The four priorities for action under the Sendai Framework are:
1. Understanding disaster risk
2. Strengthening disaster risk governance to manage disaster risk
3. Investing in disaster risk reduction for resilience
4. Enhancing disaster preparedness for effective response and to “Build Back Better” in recovery,
rehabilitation and reconstruction
Disasters
The UNISDR (2009) defines disaster as: “A serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a
society involving widespread human, material, economic or environmental losses and impacts, which
exceeds the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources.”
Disaster Management
“The organization, planning and application of measures preparing, responding to and, initial recovery
from disasters.”
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Vision
Make India disaster resilient, achieve substantial disaster risk reduction, and significantly decrease the
losses of life, livelihoods, and assets – economic, physical, social, cultural, and environmental – by
maximizing the ability to cope with disasters at all levels of administration as well as among
communities.
Objectives
1) Improve the understanding of disaster risk, hazards, and vulnerabilities
2) Strengthen disaster risk governance at all levels from local to centre
3) Invest in disaster risk reduction for resilience through structural, non-structural and financial
measures, as well as comprehensive capacity development
4) Enhance disaster preparedness for effective response
5) Promote “Build Back Better” in recovery, rehabilitation and reconstruction
6) Prevent disasters and achieve substantial reduction of disaster risk and losses in lives, livelihoods,
health, and assets (economic, physical, social, cultural and environmental)
7) Increase resilience and prevent the emergence of new disaster risks and reduce the existing risks
8) Promote the implementation of integrated and inclusive economic, structural, legal, social, health,
cultural, educational, environmental, technological, political and institutional measures to prevent and
reduce hazard exposure and vulnerabilities to disaster
9) Empower both local authorities and communities as partners to reduce and manage disaster risks
10) Strengthen scientific and technical capabilities in all aspects of disaster management
11) Capacity development at all levels to effectively respond to multiple hazards and for community-
based disaster management
12) Provide clarity on roles and responsibilities of various Ministries and Departments involved in
different aspects of disaster management
13) promote the culture of disaster risk prevention and mitigation at all levels
14) Facilitate the mainstreaming of disaster management concerns into the developmental planning
and processes
PRINCIPLES OF PLANNING:
When developing a disaster management plan, observance of the planning principles mentioned below.
• Simplicity: The plan shall be concise. Roles and responsibilities shall be clearly stated.
• Flexibility: The plan shall be flexible.
• Comprehensive: It shall describe arrangements for preventing, preparing for, responding to and
recovering from the effects of an emergency.
• Decision Making Process: The plan shall describe the decision making process which will be
adopted when an emergency occurs. While each emergency will be different, the decision
making process shall remain reasonably consistent.
• Consultation: The commitment of individuals to the plan is likely to be greatest when they have
been involved in its development.
• Dissemination: All members of the community shall be familiar with the content of the plan, and
shall be trained in and regularly exercise its procedures.
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• Review: The plan needs to be reviewed on a regular basis, preferably annually and following any
significant emergency, to ensure that it remains workable.
• Co-ordination: Planning should be coordinated with other agencies, such as the emergency
services and local municipalities, who shall have their own plans linked with the plans of the
districts/ municipalities/ surrounding community.
• Policy: Policy issued shall be resolved during the planning process.
• Consistency: The plans shall be consistent with the local policies of relevant education
authorities
• Scope of Responsibilities: The plan shall describe the scope and the limitations and
responsibilities.
• Co-operation: The plan shall also emphasize the role in providing support to the emergency
services (i.e. Police, fire services, ambulances etc) that are legally responsible for managing the
emergency.
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PRAMODA G, Dept. of Geology, YCM
Rehabilitation
Disaster
Mitigation
The conferences bring together government officials and other stakeholders, such as NGOs, civil
society organizations, and local government and private sector representatives from around the world
to discuss how to strengthen the sustainability of development by managing disaster and climate risks.
The Third UN World conference adopted the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030.
Previous conference outcomes include the Hyogo Framework for Action 2005 – 2015: Building the
Resilience of Nations and Communities to Disasters in 2005 and the Yokohama Strategy and Plan of
Action for a Safer World in 1994.
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PRAMODA G, Dept. of Geology, YCM
World Organization for Animal Health
Human and material resources needed to avoid and reduce the impact of potential disasters on
animal health and welfare.
Disaster risk reduction and management, in particular public health authorities, to prevent and
control zoonosis.
OIE continue its support for building the technical, management and good governance capacity
of Veterinary Services.
Evaluation of performance of Veterinary Services (OIE PVS Tool), PVS Gap Analysis, legislation
missions and any other support via the PVS Pathway, in order to strengthen Veterinary Services.
OIE and in collaboration with other international organisations, (FAO) and (WHO), and with
regional organisations, continue supporting Veterinary Authorities in developing surveillance,
simulation models and other tools that take into account the relationship between natural and
biological disasters, whether it is of natural or intentional origin .
The Director General of the OIE contact the Secretariat of the United Nations International
Strategy for Disaster Reduction in order to promote interaction between the two organisations
in the areas of animal health and welfare, and disaster risk reduction and management.
OIE support for Veterinary Service training and capacity-building on disaster risk reduction and
management, and by promoting sharing information and experience
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City Team International Disaster Response - It is a Christian nonprofit organization that’s
compassionately serving the poor, the homeless, and the lost in San Jose, Philadelphia, San
Francisco, Oakland, Portland, and other parts of the world.
OXFAM - Oxfam is an international confederation of 18 NGOs working with partners in over 90
countries. They help those who need it most after natural disasters strike their homes.
Billy Graham Rapid Response Team - The Billy Graham Rapid Response Team (RRT) trains God’s
people for grief ministry. It also deploys crisis trained chaplains to provide emotional and
spiritual care to those affected by man-made or natural disasters.
ADRA - ADRA Canada, part of a world-wide ADRA network, has been working to end extreme
poverty in some of the poorest communities of our world for three decades.
Hope Worldwide - HOPE worldwide is an international charity that changes of dedicated staff
and volunteers to deliver sustainable, high-impact, community-based services to the poor and
needy.
NECHAMA - NECHAMA is a voluntary organization that provides natural disaster preparedness,
response, and recovery services nationwide. Help communities in the aftermath of floods,
tornadoes, and other natural disasters.
United Methodist Committee on Relief - The United Methodist Committee on Relief (UMCOR) is
a non-profit organization dedicated to alleviating human suffering around the globe.
Plan India - Plan India, a member of Plan International Federation, child development
organization committed to creating a lasting impact in the lives of vulnerable and excluded
children, their families, and communities.
Save The Children - 2015 Save the Children responded to 99 humanitarian crises in 59
countries, directly reaching 13.8 million people, including 7.1 million children.
CARE - CARE International is a global confederation of 14 member organizations working
together to end poverty caused by conflict and natural disaster.
Global Giving – Global Giving is the first and largest global crowdfunding community for non-
profits.
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation - Their Global Development Division for instance works to help
the world’s poorest people lift themselves out of hunger and poverty which is often caused by
natural disaster.
ICCO - ICCO is the interchurch organization for development cooperation. They work towards a
world in which people can live in dignity and well-being; a world free from poverty and injustice.
Relief International - Relief International is a non-profit organization whose sole mission is to
reduce human suffering. They respond to natural disasters, humanitarian emergencies, and
chronic poverty.
Mission Aviation Fellowship - You'll find MAF in the hardest-to-reach locations, where people
live isolated from the rest of the world, cut off from the most basic necessities
World Vision - They’re continuously building relationships. By planning and working alongside
local leaders, they’re finding solutions to change the future generation.
Amref - They are committed to improving the health of people in Africa by partnering with and
empowering communities, and strengthening health systems.
ShelterBox - By providing emergency shelter and tools for families robbed of their homes by
disaster, they’re transforming despair into hope.
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PRAMODA G, Dept. of Geology, YCM
National Level
Institutional Framework
The overall coordination of disaster management vests with the Ministry of Home Affairs
(MHA). The Cabinet Committee on Security (CCS) and the National Crisis Management Committee
(NCMC) are the key committees involved in the top-level decision-making with regard to disaster
management. The NDMA is the lead agency responsible for the preparation DM plans and the
execution at the national level.
State governments will be carrying out disaster management with the central government
playing a supporting role. The central agencies will participate only on the request from the state
government. Within each state, there is a separate institutional framework for disaster management at
the state-level.
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PRAMODA G, Dept. of Geology, YCM
National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA)
Government of India established the NDMA in 2005, headed by the Prime Minister. Under the
DM Act 2005, the NDMA, as the apex body for disaster management, shall have the responsibility for
laying down the policies, plans, and guidelines for disaster management for ensuring timely and
effective response to disaster. The guidelines of NDMA will assist the Central Ministries, Departments,
and States to formulate their respective DM plans. It will approve the National Disaster Management
Plans and DM plans of the Central Ministries / Departments. It will oversee the provision and
application of funds for mitigation an NDMA has the power to authorize the Departments or authorities
concerned, to make emergency procurement of provisions or materials for rescue and relief in a
threatening disaster situation or disaster. The general superintendence, direction, and control of the
National Disaster Response Force (NDRF). The National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM)
works within the framework of broad policies and guidelines laid down by the NDMA. The NDMA has
the mandate to deal with all types of disasters – natural or human-induced.
Emergencies such as terrorism (counter-insurgency), law and order situations, hijacking, air
accidents, CBRN weapon systems, which require the close involvement of the security forces and/or
intelligence agencies, and other incidents such as mine disasters, port and harbor emergencies, forest
fires, oilfield fires and oil spills will be handled by the National Crisis Management Committee (NCMC).
Contingency Action Plan (CAP) at national level list out detail of actions to be taken at various levels
government at the time of calamity.
1. Steps taken before disaster
• Identification of vulnerable areas
• Monitoring and setting up of control rooms
• Warnings
• Arrangements for relief campus, food, essential commodities, medical facilities, etc
• Fund allocation
• Alerting administration
• Community preparedness
2. Steps to be taken during disaster
• Evacuation
• Settings up of relief camps and handling
• Monitoring and report
• VIP visit
3. Steps to be taken after disaster
• Disposal of dead bodies
• Cleaning of debris
• Disbursement of
relief
Special inputs
4. Steps to be taken for
reconstruction
• Closure of relief Short Term Facilitation
camps
• Restoration of Resource mobilization
infrastructure Central level
• Recognition of
Development Initiatives
good work
• Feedback
Monitoring preparedness and
Long Term
prevention measures
International Assistance
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PRAMODA G, Dept. of Geology, YCM
Facilitation
Central govt role becomes of that of a facilitator during emergency, Gives assistance to state govt’s.
Resource mobilization
Providing additional funds, support from army, etc
Special inputs
By providing various national or international institutions specialised work in disaster management
International assistance
Through bilateral or multilateral agreements providing loans.
Monitoring preparedness and prevention measures
Provide necessary support to hazard prone area.
Development Initiatives
Through NITI AAYOGA and other agencies should start initiatives to prepare plans.
State Level
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PRAMODA G, Dept. of Geology, YCM
of state DM plans, integration of measures for prevention of disasters or mitigation into state
development plans, allocation of funds, and establish EWS. Depending on specific situations and needs,
the State Government shall also assist the Central Government and central agencies in various aspects
of DM. Each state shall prepare its own State Disaster Management Plan.
1. Co-ordination
• Crucial role as coordinator.
• State govt should initiate counter measures.
• SG needs to maintain close liaison with the central as well as the district authorities.
2. Preparedness
• Advance warnings
• Inform district authorities and advise them on suitable line of action.
3. Resource mobilization
• Provide necessary funds from state budgeting
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3. Damage Assessment and information collection
• Based on the assessment carried by district authorities funds and other resources can be
mobilised at state or national or international level.
DM Plan
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PRAMODA G, Dept. of Geology, YCM