CHE LABORATORY COMPOSITION

Report Contribution Form

Group Ethan Mudd Yin Tse Mingcong Kyle Newport
Member Zhang

Letter of
Transmittal (3)
Executive
Summary (3)
Statement of
Objectives (2)
Background
(8)
Experimental
Design (2)
Experimental
Method and
Procedures (2)
Experimental
Results (10)
Engineering
Analysis and
Discussion
(20)
Conclusion (6)

References (2)

Appendix (2)

Total/Equal Equal Equal Equal Equal

Credit Contribution Contribution Contribution Contribution
25% 25% 25% 25%
Signatures EM YT MZ KN

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Group 4
1101 N State St Berterlsmeyer
Hall
Rolla, MO 65409
10th October 2019
ATTN: Dr. Ali Rownaghi
1101 N State St Berterlsmeyer Hall
Rolla, MO 65409

RE: Composition Lab – Report #04

Dear Dr. Rownaghi,
The composition lab was designed for the recalibration of the Agilent 7890 Gas
Chromatograph (GC) using three different alcohols, methyl alcohol i-propyl alcohol and n-
butyl alcohol. Each lab member generated a set of calibration standards by serial dilution
from stock solutions containing the three species.
After all dilutions were made and properly labeled, lab instructors took the samples to run
them through the gas chromatograph and gave the results for composition analysis and
development of the calibration curve for the GC. The known mass percentages for each
alcohol were plotted against the percentage area under each peak and was fitted with a linear
trendline. The calibration function for each species was found to be:
● methyl alcohol: y = 0.0118x + 0.001
● i-propyl alcohol: y = 0.01x - 0.0058
● n-butyl alcohol: y = 0.0088x + 0.0247
Knowing the mass percentages for stock solutions A and B and the calibration function of
each species composition, in percent mass, of stock solution C was found to contain:
● methyl alcohol –
● i-propyl alcohol –
● n-butyl alcohol –
Sincerely,
Group 4: Ethan Mudd Yin Tse Mingcong Zhang Kyle Newport

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GC Composition
Measurement Laboratory

A Technical Report

by

Group 4
Ethan Mudd, Yin Tse, Mingcong Zhang, Kyle Newport

Presented to Dr. Ali Rownaghi of the Department

CHEMICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Course
CHEM ENG Laboratory I

in
Chemical Engineering
10/18/2019

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

This lab is designed to give practice in generating calibration curves, particularly for methyl
alcohol, i-propyl alcohol, and n-butyl alcohol, for the Agilent 7890 Gas Chromatograph.
These calibration curves for the gas chromatography will then be used to calculate the molar
compositions of unknown samples containing these alcohols.

To attain the calibration curves, solutions of varying concentrations were created using two
stock solutions of known alcohol concentrations by mass percent. Four sets of data were
collected with each group member producing their own samples in order to produce
replicates. The samples made by the members were ran through the Agilent 7890 Gas
Chromatograph three times each to further increase amount of data. All of the samples ran
will provide additional data related to the area under each of the three peaks produced. The
known compositions of the stock solutions were used to calculate the molar concentrations
of the samples using both mass and volume the stocks used. Using sample masses proved to
be the most accurate method of measurement. The molar and mass concentrations, found
using these methods, were graphed and fit to a linear trend line. The equations of each trend
line provide the formula used to create the calibration curves for each species. These
calibrations curves allowed us to find the concentration of the unknown components in
Standard C, which was calculated as xx.xx mM Methyl alcohol, xx.xxmM i-Propyl alcohol,
and xx.xxmM n-Butyl alcohol.

OBJECTIVES

The objectives of the composition lab were to provide process operation with a recalibration
of the Agilent 7890 gas chromatograph for the distillation tower group.
● A recalibration for methyl alcohol
● A recalibration for i-propyl alcohol
● A recalibration for n-butyl alcohol
This was done using methods outlined in the composition lab manual provided to us, on Dr.
Rownaghi’s canvas webpage by following the path: CHE 4101> Files> Laboratory Manuals
and Reports > Composition. Stock solutions labeled A B and C were also provided with a
given mass of component species used to make stocks A and B, leaving the unknown species
concentration for Standard C to be found by the group.

BACKGROUND

The theory of this composition lab module is that based on the chemical structure of the three
alcohols used and that the capillary column contains a polar stationary phase, the components
would appear in order of methyl alcohol i-propyl alcohol then n-butyl alcohol with the last
species to exit having the largest molecular weight. The theory of the operation is that there

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is a direct linear relationship between the mass percentages

calculated from given component masses in solution
standards A and B, and percent area under the peak
recorded by the flame ionization detector of the GC. The
main factors that contribute to the separation of
components in a sample include the vapor pressure,
polarity of the sample components, column length, and the
flow rate of the carrier gas.
The most important steps involved with separating and
identifying components of a mixture using GC are
injection of the sample, separation through the column, and
analysis of the components through a mass spectrometry
detector. A sample injection is done using either of two
techniques; split or split less where a calibrated micro-
syringe pulls a small amount of the sample through a
rubber septum and into the vaporization chamber. Before Figure 1: Gas
injection a liquid sample is introduced to a hot inlet that Chromatography Device
vaporizes the sample quickly. In split injection only a small (Sciencedirect Topics)
portion of vapor is needed and sent to the column for
separation and the remaining vapor exits through a split or purge vent. (Chasteen, Thomas G)
The split ratio can be controlled by the user is equal to the flow of the split vent divided by
the flow from the column, and usually used with highly concentrated samples. Split less
injection of samples are necessary to completely analyze trace amounts of a components in
the sample and is performed with the split vent closed while the sample is vaporized.
(Odinity Separation & Identification of Alcohols by Gas Chromatography”)
Another component used in GC is the column that is used to separate the sample into
individual components. The column resides inside an oven held at an ambient temperature
and contains a stationary phase of the process. The stationary phase inside the column is
either a packed bed or capillary (coated) column walls, in this particular experiment we are
utilizing a capillary column. Separation in the column is achieved by introducing the sample,
after vaporization, with the carrier gas to a coating phase or solid packed phase, depending
on column type. The components in the sample are divided between the phase of the carrier
gas and the phase of the column accordingly to the component’s relative attraction to the
phase. This attraction can be related to the polarity, number of carbons, and number of
oxygen molecules of each component. If the column is packed or coated with a polar
stationary phase the more nonpolar components will appear first in the detector plot.
(Krupčik, J)
The last major component of GC is the detector of the components. Two main types of
detectors can be used in an Agilent 7890 gas chromatography, the flame ionization detector
(FID) and a thermal conductivity detector (TCD). (Agilent 7890 Gas Chromatograph Data
Sheet)
The FID operates by passing both sample effluent and carrier gas from the analytical column
into a hydrogen-air mixed flame. Using a polarized voltage, ions produced from the passing
of the sample through the hydrogen-air flame are attracted to a collector which produces a

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current proportional to the amount of sample that is burned. This current is converted into a
digital form and sent from the detector to the output device that displays the data on a plot.
The thermal conductivity detector uses a standard set by pure carrier gas thermal
conductivity compares it to the thermal conductivity of the carrier gas plus sample
components (column effluent). The detector involved in this composition lab analysis is a
flame ionization detector, which forms water as it burns hydrogen so any water that may be
in the sample will not affect the FID. A TCD operates by a filament in the detector that is
heated electrically to a constant temperature, while exposed to a pure carrier gas. When the
filament is then exposed to column effluent the temperature of the filament changes in
response, producing a change in power to get back to constant temperature. The changes in
power are recorded and measured five times every second as the two streams pass over the
filament. If the carrier gas used is
either helium or hydrogen the
sample will cause a decrease in
thermal conductivity, whereas if the
carrier gas used is nitrogen the
thermal conductivity will increase.
A great benefit of the thermal
conductivity detector is the sample
is not destroyed and can be sent
directly into a flame ionization Figure 2: Gas Chromatograph Components
detector.
(Torres, Jessica)
Axial diffusion occurs when the
sample crosses over the column and the gas phase of the sample diffuses from a higher to a
lower concentration. This can cause a change in the overall area of a peak displaying a larger
band when fed to the detector. Gas-solid adsorption equilibrium is defined as the
thermodynamic property between an adsorbate-adsorbent system and is used to determine the
correct adsorbent to be used in the separation process. Heat is also known as the enthalpy of
adsorption and since energy is always released when components are attracted to the
adsorbate it is an exothermic reaction. The change in heat can cause a change in temperature
within the column oven which can directly affect the retention time of components if column
temperature cannot be held relatively constant. The rate at which the sample passes through
the column is directly proportional to the temperature of the column. Higher column
temperatures result in lower retention times due to less interaction with the stationary phase.
(Wikipedia ”Gas Chromatography”)

The relevant equations for this experiment are listed below.

Equation 1: Molarity Equation 2: Mass Percent Equation 3: Dilution Calculation
𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝑀 = 𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 % = 𝐶1 𝑉1 = 𝐶2 𝑉2
𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠

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EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN

The independent variables of the composition lab are the standard volumes of mixtures listed
in table 1 and the mass of each standard used in each sample. With respect to the tolerance of
the micropipettes used and any human error from operation of the micropipette all volumes
should be considered equal to the values listed in the table. The major dependent variables
are the masses of the sample, mass of each component in the sample and the area under the
peak for each component read from the FID output. Using a given table of masses of each
component used in the standard solutions, labeled A and B, compositions in the diluted vial
can be found.
In order to accomplish the objectives of this lab module, data displaying the percent of total
area under the peaks for each component must be analyzed. Using the mass percentages
versus the percentage of area under the peak a best fit line can be plotted to give an equation
that will serve as the calibration curve for each component for the Agilent 7890 Gas
Chromatograph. This along with a determination of mass percentages of each component in
the unknown stock solution C.
Table 1: Serial Dilution of Standards for GC calibration.
Sample Standard Standard Standard
Number A B C
(µl) (µl) (µl)
1 100 900 0
2 300 700 0
3 500 500 0
4 700 300 0
5 900 100 0
6 0 0 1000

EXPERIMENTAL METHODS AND PROCEDURE

The methods and procedures used in this experimentation are given on Dr. Rownaghi’s
canvas webpage by following the path: CHE 4101> Files> Laboratory Manuals and Reports
> Composition. In this PDF file the procedure used begins on page 2 under equipment
operation and was followed until the samples were taken to the Agilent 7890 GC. Each
member prepared serial dilutions to be ran through the gas chromatograph by the laboratory
assists, when finished the results were returned to our group. The primary equipment
involved in this lab include:
● 100-1000 µl Adjustable Micropipettes
● Laboratory Scale and Balance
● Agilent 7890 GC
● Flame Ionization Detector
● Polar Capillary/ Packed Bed Column

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EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS

A raw data plot conducted during the experiment noting the measured values of both
independent variables in the experiment, mass and volume of the species, is located in the
appendix as Table A1 and in the EDF “Standards” tab. The raw data plot was needed in order
to produce the following table, which shows the concentration of each species in each
sample. Two methods were used to determine mass composition, or percent mass, either by
converting into milligram per liter or by millimoles per liter. The table shows each species
abbreviated as follows: methyl alcohol-MeOH i-propyl alcohol-iPrOH and n-butyl alcohol-
nBuOH. Each member prepared samples by serial dilution as outlined in Table 1, volumes
were carefully pipetted into a pre-weighed vial. Using the mass compositions given for
standards A and B, and by measuring the change in mass after addition of each standard the
masses of each component in the sample was determined. Mass of each component is
multiplied by their respective molecular weight in order to get molar concentration of each
component. After converting the component mass and mole values to milligram (mg) and
millimoles, the values are divided by the entire sample volume of 1000 microliters (µl) or
0.001 liters the concentration of each component in the samples are found and shown in
Table 2.
Mass VS Volume
1
0.9
0.8
0.7
Mass (g)

0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Volume (µl)

Standard A Standard B

Figure 3: Mass Vs Volume Plot

The measured masses of the standard samples A and B are plotted as the dependent variable
and the measured volume of each sample are plotted as the independent variable. Measuring
by mass is the most precise method when preparing the standards, because the specific
volume of each species cannot give the correct concentration of all species in the sample. In
Figure xx the mass concentration of methyl alcohol and n-butyl alcohol can be generated by

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using the mass percent of each species in each standard and the volume used of each
standard.
Molar and mass concentration of the species are found by recording the change in mass in the
vial after the addition of Standard A and Standard B, Using the mass compositions given for
standards A and B. With the given masses of each species in the standards the percent
component mass in the standard is found. The mass of each species in the vial is found by
multiply the change in mass after standard addition to the percent composition of the species
in the standard. The species mass is divided by their respective molecular weight in order to
get molar concentration of each component. After converting the component mass and mole
values to milligram (mg) and millimoles, the values are divided by the entire sample volume
of 1000 microliters (µl) or 0.001 liters the average concentration of each component in the
samples are found and shown in Table 2.
Table 2: Concentration of Each Species in Each Sample

MeOH iPrOH nBuOH MeOH iPrOH nBuOH Mass Mass

Sample
Conc. Conc. Conc. Conc. Conc. Conc. A B
Name
(mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mM) (mM) (mM) (g) (g)

G4A1 2.4E+04 6.6E+05 4.7E+04 6.1E+04 8.9E+05 5.1E+04 0.071 0.658

G4A2 6.8E+04 5.8E+05 1.3E+05 1.6E+05 7.1E+05 1.3E+05 0.201 0.581

G4A3 1.3E+05 4.0E+05 2.5E+05 2.9E+05 4.7E+05 2.4E+05 0.38 0.401

G4A4 1.8E+05 1.8E+05 3.5E+05 4.2E+05 2.3E+05 3.5E+05 0.532 0.184

G4A5 2.5E+05 8.9E+04 4.9E+05 4.9E+05 9.3E+04 4.1E+05 0.74 0.089

G4B1 2.3E+04 6.8E+05 4.6E+04 5.8E+04 8.9E+05 4.9E+04 0.069 0.677

G4B2 8.2E+04 5.3E+05 1.6E+05 1.9E+05 6.5E+05 1.6E+05 0.241 0.526

G4B3 1.1E+05 3.8E+05 2.2E+05 2.8E+05 4.9E+05 2.3E+05 0.334 0.376

G4B4 1.8E+05 2.2E+05 3.6E+05 4.0E+05 2.6E+05 3.4E+05 0.545 0.222

G4B5 2.1E+05 5.5E+04 4.0E+05 5.0E+05 7.1E+04 4.2E+05 0.61 0.055

G4C1 1.1E+05 9.3E+05 2.1E+05 1.5E+05 7.2E+05 1.3E+05 0.314 0.933

G4C2 1.4E+05 7.6E+05 2.8E+05 2.1E+05 6.0E+05 1.8E+05 0.427 0.763

G4C3 2.1E+05 6.2E+05 4.1E+05 2.9E+05 4.6E+05 2.5E+05 0.625 0.621

G4C4 2.6E+05 4.7E+05 5.0E+05 3.5E+05 3.5E+05 3.0E+05 0.755 0.472

G4C5 3.1E+05 3.2E+05 6.1E+05 4.2E+05 2.2E+05 3.5E+05 0.929 0.315

G4D1 2.4E+04 6.9E+05 4.6E+04 5.8E+04 8.9E+05 4.9E+04 0.07 0.688

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G4D2 7.6E+04 5.3E+05 1.5E+05 1.8E+05 6.7E+05 1.5E+05 0.225 0.533

G4D3 1.3E+05 3.7E+05 2.5E+05 3.0E+05 4.5E+05 2.5E+05 0.385 0.366

G4D4 1.8E+05 2.0E+05 3.5E+05 4.1E+05 2.4E+05 3.5E+05 0.525 0.196

G4D5 2.0E+05 7.8E+04 3.9E+05 4.9E+05 1.0E+05 4.1E+05 0.584 0.078

In order to be sure that we are using the best data the replicates are taken into an average for
each sample while disregarding any outliers. The average compositions of each sample are
shown in Table 3.
Table 3: Average Concentration of Each Species in Each Sample

MeOH iPrOH nBuOH MeOH iPrOH nBuOH Mass Mass

Sample
Conc. Conc. Conc. Conc. Conc. Conc. A B
Name
(mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mM) (mM) (mM) (g) (g)
ABCD1 4.4E+04 7.4E+05 8.7E+04 8.3E+04 8.5E+05 7.0E+04 0.131 0.739
ABCD2 9.3E+04 6.0E+05 1.8E+05 1.9E+05 6.6E+05 1.6E+05 0.274 0.601
ABCD3 1.5E+05 4.4E+05 2.8E+05 2.9E+05 4.7E+05 2.4E+05 0.431 0.441
ABCD4 2.0E+05 2.7E+05 3.9E+05 4.0E+05 2.7E+05 3.3E+05 0.589 0.269
ABCD5 2.4E+05 1.3E+05 4.7E+05 4.8E+05 1.2E+05 4.0E+05 0.716 0.134

The serial diluted samples were run through the GC and analyzed, a table was constructed
located in the appendix of this report under Table A2. The table shows the interpretation of
the area under each peak to get the percent area under each peak for each species. Table 4
below shows the interpreted results for the unknown samples area total area and area percent,
which is to be pure standard C. The results show the composition of each species in the
standard.

Table 4: Response Area from Standard C for Each Species

MeOH iPrOH nBuOH
Sample MeOH iPrOH nBuOH Total
Percent Percent Percent
Name Area Area Area Area
Area Area Area
G4A6 1.4E+08 1.6E+08 2.8E+08 5.8E+08 23 29 48

G4B6 1.3E+08 1.7E+08 2.9E+08 5.8E+08 22 29 49

G4C6 1.3E+08 1.7E+08 2.9E+08 5.8E+08 23 29 49

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G4D6 1.3E+08 1.7E+08 2.9E+08 5.8E+08 24 29 48

Average 1.3E+08 1.7E+08 2.9E+08 5.8E+08 23 29 48

ENGINEERING ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION

The measurements taken by the Gas Chromatography are located in the Appendix. Peaks are
generated as intermolecular forces cause each species to leave the capillary column and enter
into the FID at different time intervals. The area under the peaks characterize the quantity of
concentration for each species at a certain residence time. More concentrated species in the
sample cause a longer residence time, broadening the peak and giving a larger area. An
analysis of variance was performed in order to analyze the concentration of each species
against the percent area under the peaks.

y = 0.0118x + 0.001
MeOH R² = 0.9057
0.35

0.30

0.25

0.20
Mass %

0.15

0.10

0.05

0.00
0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00
% Area

Figure 4: Methanol Calibration Curve

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iPrOH y = 0.01x - 0.0058

R² = 0.9991
1.00
0.90
0.80
0.70
0.60
Mass %

0.50
0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00
0.00 20.00 40.00 60.00 80.00 100.00
% Area

nBuOH y = 0.0088x + 0.0247

R² = 0.9854
0.80
0.70
0.60
0.50
Mass %

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00
0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 70.00 80.00
% Area

CONCLUSION

Specified models to relate mass percentage of a species to the area under the curve can be
used to generate acceptable results given the level of confidence generated by performing an
ANOVA. Each function is stated with y being the mass percent of the component in the
sample and x being the percent area recorded on the gas chromatograph output. In this
experiment each group member contributed data to calibrate the gas chromatograph by using
known solution compositions and comparing them to the area percent. Through this method
an accurate calibration function for each species was found to be:
● methyl alcohol: y = 0.0118x + 0.001
● i-propyl alcohol: y = 0.01x - 0.0058

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● n-butyl alcohol: y = 0.0088x + 0.0247

Knowing the mass percentages for stock solutions A and B and the calibration function of
each species the composition, in percent mass, of stock solution C was found to contain:
● methyl alcohol –
● i-propyl alcohol –
● n-butyl alcohol –

REFERENCES

1. Agilent 7890 Gas Chromatograph Data Sheet. 2019,

https://www.agilent.com/cs/library/datasheets/public/5991-1436EN.pdf. Accessed 15
Oct 2019.
2. Chasteen, Thomas G. “Split/Splitless Gas Chromatography Injection.” Split/Splitless
GC, doi:https://www.shsu.edu/chm_tgc/primers/pdf/GC.pdf.
3. Dettmer-Wilde, Katja, and Werner Engewald. Practical Gas Chromatography: a
Comprehensive Reference. Springer, 2014.
4. “Gas Chromatography.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 7 Oct. 2019,
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_chromatography.
5. "Gas Chromatography - An Overview | Sciencedirect Topics". Sciencedirect.Com,
2019, https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/gas-
chromatography.
6. Krupčik, J., et al. “Separation of Secondary Alcohols by Capillary Gas
Chromatography.” Chromatographia, vol. 8, no. 10, 1975, pp. 553–558
7. “Separation & Identification of Alcohols by Gas Chromatography.” Odinity, 17 Dec.
2017, https://www.odinity.com/separation-identification-alcohols-gas-
chromatography/.
8. “Thermal Conductivity Detector (TCD).” Agilent,
https://www.agilent.com/en/products/gas-chromatography/gc-
supplies/detectors/thermal-conductivity-detector-(tcd).
9. Torres, Jessica. “Carrying You through Gas Chromatography.” Bitesize Bio, 9 July
2016, bitesizebio.com/28687/carrying-gas-chromatography/.
10. “What Is Gas Chromatography (GC)?” What Is Gas Chromatography (GC)?,
https://chem-net.blogspot.com/2013/07/what-is-gas-chromatography-gc.html.

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APPENDIX

Table A1: Raw Data Results for Sample Composition

Vial Volume Vial Volume Vial
Sample Sample Mass Mass
Weight Std A Weight Std B Weight
Number Name A (g) B (g)
(g) (µl) A (g) (µl) B (g)
A1 G4A1 2.242 100 2.313 900 2.971 0.071 0.658
A2 G4A2 2.228 300 2.429 700 3.010 0.201 0.581
A3 G4A3 2.247 500 2.627 500 3.028 0.380 0.401
A4 G4A4 2.242 700 2.774 300 2.958 0.532 0.184
A5 G4A5 2.254 900 2.994 100 3.083 0.740 0.089
B1 G4B1 2.243 100 2.312 900 2.989 0.069 0.677

B2 G4B2 2.217 300 2.458 700 2.984 0.241 0.526

B3 G4B3 2.239 500 2.573 500 2.949 0.334 0.376

B4 G4B4 2.216 700 2.761 300 2.983 0.545 0.222

B5 G4B5 2.247 900 2.857 100 2.912 0.61 0.055

C1 G4C1 2.231 100 2.545 900 3.478 0.314 0.933

C2 G4C2 2.248 300 2.675 700 3.438 0.427 0.763

C3 G4C3 2.222 500 2.847 500 3.468 0.625 0.621

C4 G4C4 2.239 700 2.994 300 3.466 0.755 0.472

C5 G4C5 2.186 900 3.115 100 3.43 0.929 0.315

D1 G4D1 2.212 100 2.282 900 2.970 0.07 0.688
D2 G4D2 2.234 300 2.459 700 2.992 0.225 0.533
D3 G4D3 2.203 500 2.588 500 2.954 0.385 0.366
D4 G4D4 2.215 700 2.740 300 2.936 0.525 0.196
D5 G4D5 2.185 900 2.769 100 2.847 0.584 0.078

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Sample Sample Vial Weight Volume Std C Vial Weight C Mass C

Number Name (g) (µl) (g) (g)
A6 G4A6 2.221 1000 2.993 0.772
B6 G4B6 2.181 1000 2.974 0.793
C6 G4C6 2.187 1000 3.209 1.022
D6 G4D6 2.226 1000 2.990 0.764

Samp Samp Vial Volu Vial Volu Vial Volu Vial Mas Mas Mas
le le Weig me Weig me Weig me Weig s A s B s C
Numb Nam ht (g) Std A ht A Std B ht B Std C ht C (g) (g) (g)
er e (µl) (g) (µl) (g) (µl) (g)
A1 G4A 0.0 0.6
2.242 100 2.313 900 2.971 0 - 0
1 71 58
A2 G4A 0.2 0.5
2.228 300 2.429 700 3.010 0 - 0
2 01 81
A3 G4A 0.3 0.4
2.247 500 2.627 500 3.028 0 - 0
3 80 01
A4 G4A 0.5 0.1
2.242 700 2.774 300 2.958 0 - 0
4 32 84
A5 G4A 0.7 0.0
2.254 900 2.994 100 3.083 0 - 0
5 40 89
A6 G4A 0.7
2.221 0 - 0 - 1000 2.993 0 0
6 72
B1 G4B
100 900 0 - 0
1
B2 G4B
300 700 0 - 0
2
B3 G4B
500 500 0 - 0
3
B4 G4B
700 300 0 - 0
4
B5 G4B
900 100 0 - 0
5
B6 G4B
0 - 0 - 1000 0 0
6
C1 G4C
100 900 0 - 0
1

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CHE LABORATORY COMPOSITION

C2 G4C
300 700 0 - 0
2
C3 G4C
500 500 0 - 0
3
C4 G4C
700 300 0 - 0
4
C5 G4C
900 100 0 - 0
5
C6 G4C
0 - 0 - 1000 0 0
6
D1 G4D 0.0 0.6
2.212 100 2.282 900 2.970 0 - 0
1 7 88
D2 G4D 0.2 0.5
2.234 300 2.459 700 2.992 0 - 0
2 25 33
D3 G4D 0.3 0.3
2.203 500 2.588 500 2.954 0 - 0
3 85 66
D4 G4D 0.5 0.1
2.215 700 2.740 300 2.936 0 - 0
4 25 96
D5 G4D 0.5 0.0
2.185 900 2.769 100 2.847 0 - 0
5 84 78
D6 G4D 0.7
2.226 0 - 0 - 1000 2.990 0 0
6 64

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Group 4: Mudd, Tse, Zhang, Newport 10/10/2019
CHE LABORATORY COMPOSITION

Table A2: Response Areas for Each Species for the Agilent 7890 Gas Chromatograph
MeOH IPA Percent nBA Percent
Sample Name MeOH Area IPA Area nBA Area Total Area
Percent Area Area Area

G4A1

G4A2

G4A3

G4A4

G4A5

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Group 4: Mudd, Tse, Zhang, Newport 10/10/2019