English B1

INDICE

................................................................................................................................................... 1
BLOQUE 3 ...................................................................................................................................... 3
MÓDULO 1: NEWS......................................................................................................................... 3
Past events ................................................................................................................................ 3
1. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS ................................................................................... 3
2. PRESENT PERFECT VS PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS ................................................ 5
3. WHICH & WHAT ............................................................................................................. 8
Let’s practice! .................................................................................................................. 11
1. READING: INTERESTING FACTS ........................................................................... 11
GLOSSARY ................................................................................................................ 13
MÓDULO 2: PLANET EARTH ........................................................................................................ 15
Our planet earth ...................................................................................................................... 15
1. CONDITIONALS ............................................................................................................ 15
2. USED TO....................................................................................................................... 18
3. QUESTIONS BASIC RULES ............................................................................................. 21
Let’s practice! .................................................................................................................. 24
1. READING: ENVIRONMENT, THE FUTURE OF OUR PLANET.................................. 24
GLOSSARY ................................................................................................................ 28
MÓDULO 3: TRAVELLING ............................................................................................................ 29
Travels ..................................................................................................................................... 29
1. USOS DEL FUTURO....................................................................................................... 29
2. REFLEXIVE AND ERGATIVE VERBS ................................................................................ 32
3. DELEXICAL VERBS......................................................................................................... 37
Let’s practice! .................................................................................................................. 42
1. READING: MOST COMMON HOLIDAY PLACES .................................................... 42
GLOSSARY ................................................................................................................ 43
KEY ANSWERS...................................................................................................................... 44

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BLOQUE 3

MÓDULO 1: NEWS

WARMING UP
What are you going to see in this lesson?

 High-Frequency hearing test

 Past events

• Present perfect continuous

• Present perfect vs present perfect continuous

• Which vs what

 Learning words and expressions in context

• Interesting facts

• Amazing news

Past events

1. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Introduction

How long have you been studying English?

En esta lección vamos a estudiar el tiempo verbal denominado presente perfecto

continuo (o progresivo).

Usamos este tiempo verbal para hacer referencia a acciones que comenzaron en el
pasado y que siguen en progreso o han finalizado recientemente.

• I have been working the whole morning (now I am in the afternoon) He

estado trabajando toda la mañana.
En muchos de los casos, se va a traducir en español como ‘llevar’ + gerundio. Ejemplo:

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 • I have been working for this company since 2010. Llevo trabajando para esta
empresa desde 2010.

• How long have you been working for the compnay? ¿Cuánto tiempo llevas
trabajando en la empresa?

Explanation

- La estructura del presente perfecto continuo afirmativo es la siguiente:

SUJETO + VERBO AUXILIAR “TO HAVE” CONJUGADO + “BEEN” + GERUNDIO

Ejemplo:

• She has been waiting for him for two hours.

• They have been talking about the same issue all along the afternoon

- La estructura del presente perfecto continuo negativo es la siguiente:

SUJETO + VERBO AUXILIAR “TO HAVE” CONJUGADO + NOT +“BEEN” + GERUNDIO

Ejemplo:

• She has not been waiting for him very long

• She hasn’t been waiting for him very long

- La estructura del presente perfecto continuo interrogativo es la siguiente:

VERBO AUXILIAR “TO HAVE” CONJUNGADO + SUJETO + “BEEN” + GERUNDIO

Ejemplo:

• Has she been waiting for him very long?

EXERCISE 1

Fill in the gaps with the appropriate form of the verb (DO NOT USE CONTRACTIONS)

1. This evening I ____________ (to swim) for one hour

2. My family and I ___________ (to travel) around Spain since last month

3. He ____________ (not/to work) in this project sine one year ago

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 4. What a weather! It ________ (to snow) the whole week

5. The painters __________ (to paint) my house until one hour ago.

2. PRESENT PERFECT VS PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Introduction

I have studied English, have you been studying too?

En esta lección vamos a ver la diferencia entre el PRESENTE PERFECTO SIMPLE y el

PRESENTE PERFECTO CONTÍNUO O PROGRESIVO.

Ambos se refieren a acciones que comenzaron en el pasado y que aún continúan en

el presente, o se han finalizado recientemente, pero hay una diferencia con
respecto a dónde queremos poner el énfasis, pero esto lo trataremos en el siguiente
apartado.

Explanation

Present Perfect Simple

Estructura: HAVE (conjugado) + Verbo en participio

- Afirmativa: Sujeto + HAVE/HAS + Verbo en participio

o You have made a cake / Has hecho un pastel
o He has made a cake / Ha hecho un pastel
- Negativa: Sujeto + HAVE/HAS + NOT + Verbo en participio
o You have not made a cake / No has hecho un pastel
o He has not made a cake / No ha hecho un pastel
- Interrogativa: HAVE/HAS + Sujeto + Verbo en participio
o Have you made a cake? / ¿Has hecho un pastel?
o Has he made a cake? / ¿Ha hecho un pastel?
Present Perfect Progresive

Estructura: HAVE (conjugado) + BEEN + Verbo en gerundio (-ING)

- Afirmativa: Sujeto + HAVE/HAS + BEEN + Verbo en gerundio (-ING)

o You have been making a cake / Has estado haciendo un pastel
o He has been making a cake / Ha estado haciendo un pastel
- Negativa: Sujeto + HAVE/HAS + NOT + BEEN + Verbo en gerundio (-ING)
o You have not been making a cake / No has estado haciendo un pastel
o He has not been making a cake / No ha estado haciendo un pastel

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 - Interrogativa: HAVE/HAS + Sujeto + BEEN + Verbo en gerundio (-ING)
o Have you been making a cake? / ¿Has estado haciendo un pastel?
o Has he been making a cake? / ¿Ha estado haciendo un pastel?
Nota: podrán encontrar cómo formar participios de verbos regulares en el epígrafe
‘Present perfect’ dentro del Módulo 3 del primer bloque.

Uso

El Presente perfecto simple y el progresivo se usan para expresar que una

acción comenzó en el pasado y aún continúa en el presente o acaba de finalizar. En
muchos casos, ambas formas son correctas, pero hay a menudo una diferencia en
significado.
- El Presente Perfecto Simple se usa cuando el hablante quiere enfatizar que una
acción se ha completado ya o bien enfatizar el resultado.
- Usamos el Presente Perfecto Continuo para enfatizar la duración o continuidad
de una acción.

Ciertos verbos

Los siguientes verbos se usan solamente en Presente Perfecto Simple (no en Presente
Perfecto Continuo).

- Verbos de estado:

Be, have (este último cuando se refiere a posesión)

• We have been on holiday for two weeks

- Verbos que hacen referencia a los sentidos:

Feel, hear, see, smell, taste, touch.

• He has tasted the cake

- Verbos que se refieran a la actividad del cerebro

Believe, know, think, understand.

• I have known him for 2 days

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EXERCISE 1

Put the verbs into the correct tense (Present Perfect Simple or Present Perfect
Progressive).

1. A: I (call)____________for you for half an hour. Where (be)_________? And

why are your clothes so dirty?
2. B: I (tidy)________up the shed in the garden.
3. A: (you / find)_________a box with old photos there? I (look)_____for it for
ages.
4. B: I (discover / not)________it yet, but I (work / not)_________for a long time
yet. I (come / just)__________in to eat something.
5. A: I (cook / not)_________anything yet because I (talk)_________to our
neighbour.

EXERCISE 2

Which form is correct (Present Perfect Simple or Present Perfect Progressive)?

1. Quiero enfatizar que la casa está ya preparada

a) My friends have built a house.
b) My friends have been building a house.
2. Quiero enfatizar que la puerta está ahora abierta
a) Elizabeth has opened the door.
b) Elizabeth has been opening the door.
3. Quiere decir cómo he empleado mi tiempo.
a) I have watched TV.
b) I have been watching TV.
4. Esta acción está ya completada
a) Charly has sent the letter.
b) Charly has been sending the letter.
5. Quiero enfatizar la duración de esta acción.
a) We have played football.
b) We have been playing football.

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EXERCISE 3

Choose the correct answer for each sentence:

1. I ______the book you lent me

a. am read
b. have been reading
c. have readed
d. am readed

2. How many hours ___________ for him?

a. Have she waited..
b. Has we been waiting…
c. Have they waiting…
d. Have they been waiting…

3. _____________ the car? It looks nice!

a. Did you washed…
b. Have he washed…
c. Have you washed…
d. Has you been washing…

4. They ____________ their brother for three years.

a. Didn’t see
b. Haven’t seeing
c. Haven’t been seeing…
d. Haven’t seen

5. I _______ the different uses of verb tenses

a. Was studied
b. Has been studying
c. Have studyed
d. Have been studying…

3. WHICH & WHAT

Introduction

Which / What is your favourite movie?

En esta lección vamos a ver el uso de ‘Which’ and ‘What’ como determinantes

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interrogativos.

Ambos pueden ser traducidos al español como “qué” o “cuál” pero hay una
diferencia en significado a tener en cuenta, la cual vemos a continuación.
Estudia antes los siguientes ejemplos:

• What is your favourite food?

• Which is your favourite dish?

Explanation

El uso de Which y what es en muchos casos intercambiables, con una pequeña

diferencia en significado:

• Which / What is the hottest city in the world?

• Which / What train did you come on?
• Which /What people have influenced you most in your life?

Which se prefiere cuando tenemos en mente un número limitado a elegir.

• We’ve got White or Brown bread, Which will you have? More natural
than…what will you have?
• Which size do you want? – small, medium or large?

Cuando no estamos pensando en un número determinado a elegir, preferimos usar

what

• What language do they speak in Greenland?

(more natural than “which language…”)

• What’s your phone number?

(NOT: Which is your phone number?)

Determinante: which y what

Delante de sustantivos, which y what se puede usar para realizar preguntas sobre cosas
o personas.

• Which teacher do you like best?

• Which colour do you want – green, red, yellow or brown?

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 • What writers do you like?

• What colour are you baby’s eyes?

Which of..

Delante de otro determinante (por ejemplo: the, my, these…) o un pronombre

usamos: which of.
Who y What no se usan normalmente con “of”.

• Which of your teacher do you like the best? (NOT: Who/ What of your
teachers…?
• Which of us is going to do the washing up? (NOT: Who of us…?
• Which of these coats is yours (NOT: What of these…?)

EXERCISE 1

Fill the gaps with the verb in brackets using either which or what.

1 ________ are you doing?

2 ________ would you prefer, the onion soup or the prawn cocktail?
3 ________ do we need to take for the picnic?
4 ________ are you going to wear for the wedding?
5 ________ dress shall I wear, the red one or the blue one?
6 ________ sort of music do you like?
7 ________ kind of films do like, horror films or thrillers?
8 ________ are you taking on holiday?
9 ________ dentist did you see, Dr Pain or Dr Deville?
10 ________ is your favourite sport?

EXERCISE 2

Choose the correct option in the following sentences:

1.- __Which/What________ colour is his hair?

2.- : ____ Which/What ______ hand did you burn?

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3.- : ____ Which/What ______ is bigger, the Empire State Building, the Chrysler
Building or the Sears Tower?

4.- ____ Which/What ______ is your name?

5- : ____ Which/What ______ kind of car did you buy?

Let’s practice!
1. READING: INTERESTING FACTS

"People have been traveling by car for 100 years. My invention is long overdue.
Who hasn't had an emergency while traveling? Sometimes you're miles from the
nearest gas station or McDonald's. Everyone knows that when you have to go, you
have to go," said Phil Bole.

Phil has invented a chemical toilet for vehicles. One size fits all (vehicles and
people). It is made from recycled materials. It never smells bad, he claims. Between
uses, it can be stored in the trunk. When the toilet is full, an adult or child can
compress it into the size of a bowling ball. The waste matter in the toilet is
continuously being absorbed by chemicals and bacteria. Eventually, all the waste
matter turns into a pile of dry crumbs. The toilet can be dropped into any trash can at
any time.

Phil tested his invention while on a two-week vacation with his wife and four
young kids. He said that the kids loved it. His wife didn't.

"Nothing on Earth could make me use that disgusting thing!" she told him. He
pleaded with her, saying that he had invented the toilet primarily for women and kids.
He needed a woman's blessing so the toilet would sell. "No woman would ever use this
thing!" she responded.

Overdue- atrasado, vencido

To claim – asegurar
To store – almacenar
Trunk - maletero
Crumb – migaja, sobras
To plead – suplicar, implorer

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Reading comprehension

EXERCISE

Choose the right answer:

1. What did Phil invent?

a. He invented a toilet similar to those you usually find in a gas station.

b. He invented a chemical toilet for vehicles.
c. He invented a disinfectant against bacteria from the toilet.

2. What is the toilet made from?

a. It is made from recycled materials.

b. Most of their pieces are biodegradable.
c. It is made from a special material that removes bacteria and chemicals.

3. Where can it be store?

a. You can only use it once.

b. It can be stored under the back seat.
c. It can be stored in the boot of the car.

4. Where did he test his invention?

a. It was tested in a laboratory during his two-week vacation.

b. He tested it during a trip with his family.
c. He hasn´t tested it yet but he want his wife to try it.

5. What is his family´s opinion about the toilet?

a. They all love it.

b. His children love it but not so his wife.
c. He tests it with his children but he needs a woman´s blessing yet.

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GLOSSARY

ENGLISH SPANISH EXAMPLE

lent (from to lend) prestar I lent her the book you bought me
hottest (superlative el/la más
That is the hottest city in Andalusia.
form of hot) caliente/caluroso
white bread pan blanco I prefer white bread to brown bread
pan moreno, pan
brown bread I prefer white bread to brown bread
integral
size tamaño Which size of beer do you prefer, small or big?
Who's doing the washing up today? I did it
to do the washing up lavar los platos
yesterday
coat abrigo You better take your coat, it's freezing!

onion soup sopa de cebolla I really love onion soup

prawn cocktail cóctel de gambas One of my favourite starter is prawn cocktail

Look! She's wearing the dress we gave her for her
to wear llevar puesto
birthday
sort tipo, clase (=type, kind) What sort of movies do you like the most?

Frequency Frecuencia All of you could hear that first frequency.

Hertz Hercio Let's raise the frequency even more.14,000 hertz.

We still have our youngest members of the crowd
Crowd Multitud, público
with their hands up
Grown-up Adulto At 16,000 hertz, we've lost all of our grown-ups

Tone Tono Were you able to pick up that final tone?

Trend Tendencia Well either way, you may have noticed a trend
What we hear is determined by patterns of
Neuron Neurona
neurons
Cell Célula Cells are visible only under the microscope

overdue atrasado, vencido John´s invention is overdue

to claim asegurar He claimed that he was his brother

to store almacenar We have to store many boxes before we finish

trunk maletero I put all cases in the trunk before we started the
trip
I have just finished to clean. Please, be careful
crumb migaja, sobras
with the crumbs
Don´t plead her to stay. She is sure she wants to
to plead suplicar, implorar
live abroad.

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 When the performance finished we started to
to clap aplaudir
clap very strong
durante, a lo largo del
throughout Trains are arriving throughout the day
día
The number of nonprofit organizations is
nonprofit sin ánimo de lucro
increasing every day.

EXPRESSIONS SPANISH

who has influenced you the most? ¿quién te ha influenciado más?

Who did you like the best? ¿quién te gustó más?
to take on holidays cogerse vacaciones
To raise your hand up Levantar la mano
To keep your hand up Mantener la mano levantada
To bring your hand down Bajar la mano
That's pretty impressive Eso es bastante impresionante
How about you? ¿Y tú?
I'll take that Yo lo cojo

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MÓDULO 2: PLANET EARTH

WARMING UP
What are you going to see in this lesson?

 Climate change
 Our planet earth

• Zero conditional, first conditional and second conditional

• Used to

• Questions basic rules

 Learning words and expressions in context

• The future of our planet

• Our universe

Our planet earth

1. CONDITIONALS

Introduction

Las oraciones condicionales se utilizan para expresar que una acción puede ocurrir
solamente si se cumple una condición expresada en otra acción. Expresan la dependencia
que existe entre una circunstancia y un resultado; según en qué tiempo verbal hablemos,
encontramos diferentes tipos de oraciones condicionales.

Explanation

Zero conditional

El condicional cero se utiliza para expresar situaciones generales que siempre

son verdad; siempre que se dé la condición expresada se obtendrá un resultado
determinado.
If + Present simple + Present simple

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 • If you press the button, the door opens. (si aprietas el botón, la puerta se abre.)
• If you buy one, you get one free (Si compras uno, te llevas uno gratis)

1st Conditional

Se utiliza para expresar una situación que es muy probable que ocurra como
resultado de una acción.

If + Present simple + Future simple

• If you study English, you will have more job offers (Si estudias inglés, tendrás más
ofertas de trabajo.)

• If she comes, we will enjoy ourselves (Si ella viene, nos lo pasaremos muy bien.)

2nd Conditional

Se utiliza para hablar de situaciones hipotéticas, normalmente con poca probabilidad de que
ocurra o incluso imposibles.

If + Past simple + would sentence

• If the students had a dictionary, they would look up all these words (si los
alumnos tuvieran un diccionario, buscarían todas estas palabras.)
• If I won the lottery, I would travel around the world (Si me tocara la lotería,
viajaría alrededor de mundo

Se puede usar were con la primera y tercera persona del singular del verbo to be,
aunque was es más frecuente.

• If I were/was ill, I would be at home. (Si estuvieras enfermo, estaría en casa)

Pero en la expresión if I were you, solo puede usarse were.

• If I were you, I would buy this car and not that. (Si yo fuera tú, compraría este

coche y no aquel)

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EXERCISE 1

Match these conditional sentences:

1) If I saw a UFO… a) …I would visit Japan

2) if it rains… b)…I will stay at home

3) If I didn´t feel well… c) …I would live by the sea

4) If I spoke Japanese… d)…I would call a doctor

5) If I had the opportunity… e)…I would start running

6) If you don´t feel well… f)…I will not go to the countryside

EXERCISE 2

Choose the correct answer:

1. If I lose my job now, I ...

a) will take a long holiday and apply for a new job later.
b) would start a business of my own.

2. If he calls me 'lazy' again, I ...

a) won't ever help him again if he's in trouble.
b) go and tell his parents.

3. Philipa won't ever speak to me again if ...

a) I would let her down now.
b) I let her down now.

4. If I make a cake she…

a) Will be very happy
b) Would be very happy

5. Our dog Gelert will start licking you if ...

a) you will give it a cuddle.
b) you pat him on the back.

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6. Don’t be offended. If Jane is annoyed she…

a) starts yelling at people

b) would start yelling at people

2. USED TO

To get + used to + ing

- Utilizamos el verbo to get antes de la expresión used to para referirnos al

proceso de acostumbrarse a algo.

• To get + used to + driving on the left (Acostumbrarse a conducir por la

izquierda.)

- Una vez conocemos los elementos de esta estructura y su posición,

debemos tener en cuenta que para formar una oración debemos utilizar
obligatoriamente un sujeto y asegurarnos de que el verbo to get está
conjugado en el tiempo verbal adecuado.

• I got used to driving on the left (Me acostumbré a conducir por la izquierda)

En este ejemplo utilizamos el sujeto de primera persona singular (I) y el verbo to get
está conjugado en pasado, ya que explicamos algo que ocurrió en tiempo pasado.

- Para darle sentido negativo o interrogativo a una oración, debe modificarse el

verbo to get siguiendo las reglas del tiempo verbal utilizado.

• I didn’t get used to driving on the left. (No me acostumbré a conducer por la
izquierda.)

• Did you get used to driving on the left? (¿Te acostumbraste a conducer por la
izquierda?

En estos ejemplos se utiliza la estructura con el pasado simple, por lo tanto el verbo
get sufre las modificaciones establecidas por dicho tiempo verbal.

To be + used to + -ing

- Utilizamos el verbo to be antes de la expresión used to para referirnos al hecho

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 de estar acostumbrado a algo.

• To be + used to+ driving on the left (Estar acostumbrado a conducir por la

izquierda)

Al igual que con la estructura anterior, debemos tener en cuenta que para formar
una oración debemos utilizar obligatoriamente un sujeto y asegurarnos de que el verbo
to be está conjugado en el tiempo verbal adecuado.

• I am used to driving on the left (Estoy acostumbrado a conducer por la

izquierda.)

En este ejemplo utilizamos el sujeto de primera persona singular (I) con su

correspondiente forma del verbo to be en presente simple, puesto que es el
tiempo verbal que utilizamos para hablar de hábitos en ese momento.

- Para darle sentido negativo o interrogativo a una oración, debe modificarse el

verbo to be siguiendo las reglas del tiempo verbal utilizado.

• I wasn’t used to driving on the left (No estaba acostumbrado a conducir por la
izquierda.)

• Were you used to driving on the left? ¿Estabas acostumbrado a conducir por la
izquierda?

En estos ejemplos se utiliza la estructura con el pasado simple, por lo tanto el verbo
to be sufre las modificaciones establecidas por dicho tiempo verbal.

Used to + infinitive verb

- Utilizamos la expresión used to para referirnos siempre a un estado o

hábito del hablante que se desarrollaba en un tiempo pasado y ya ha finalizado.

Hábito:

• I used to play the guitar when I was a child. (Solía tocar la guitarra cuando era
pequeño.)

Estado:

• I used to live in London. (Vivía en Londres [pero ya no vivo allí])

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 - Para darle sentido negativo o interrogativo a una oración, la estructura debe
incluir los elementos de negación e interrogación de pasado simple.

• I didn’t use to play the guitar when I was a child. (No solía tocar la guitarra
cuando era pequeño)

• Did you use to live in London? (¿Solías vivir en Londres?)

En estos ejemplos se utiliza la estructura con el pasado simple, por lo tango el verbo
to be sufre las modificaciones establecidas por dicho tiempo verbal.

- En las estructuras anteriores, el verbo terminado en –ing viene

introducido por la preposición to, que equivale a la preposición en español
a. No hay que confundir la partícula to de infinitivo ( to eat: comer) con la
preposición a, la cual requiere un verbo terminado en –ing.

• To eat -> Comer

to = marca de infinitivo
• To get used to eating -> Acostumbarse a comer
to = preposición a.
• To be used to eating -> Estar acostumbrado a comer
to = preposición a.

Recuerda…

To get used to + verb –ing Acostumbrarse a algo

To be used to + verb -ing Estar acostumbrado a algo

Used to + infinitve verb Soler hacer algo (en pasado)

• Las oraciones requieren un sujeto obligatoriamente.

• El verbo debe conjugarse según el sujeto y el tiempo verbal usados.

EXERCISE 1

Complete these sentences with used to, get used to or be used to and their correct
tense.

1. We ________ go to school walking through the park when we were children.

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2. They_______ getting up early everyday, they can meet you at 7:00.

3. Sarah and George will ___________ living together very soon, I am sure.

4. ______ Inés ______ do exercise last year? Now she never does any!

5. The puppy____________ sleeping in his kennel very soon after we brought him

home.

6. My grandmother ___________ having dinner late, so don’t give her pizza now, it’s

too early for her.

EXERCISE 2

Make an affirmative sentence, negative sentence or question using ‘used to +

infinitive’:

1. I / live in a flat when I was a child.

2. We / go to the beach every summer?
3. She / love eating chocolate, but now she hates it.
4. He / not / smoke.
5. I / play tennis when I was at school.
6. She / be able to speak French, but she has forgotten it all.
7. He / play golf every weekend?
8. They both / have short hair.
9. Julie / study Portuguese.
10. I / not / hate school.

3. QUESTIONS BASIC RULES

Auxiliary verb before subject: Have you…?

En una pregunta, el verbo auxiliar suele colocarse antes del sujeto.

• When is Oliver leaving? (NOT: When Olivier is leaving?)

• Have you received my letter dated 17? (NOT: You have received…?)
• Why are you laughing? (NOT: Why you are laughing?)
• What are all those people looking at? (NOT: What all those people are looking

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 at?)

• How much does the room cost? (NOT: How much the room cost?)

Si no hay otro verbo auxiliar, usamos do, does o did para formar la pregunta.

• Do you like Mozart? (NOT: Like you Mozart?)

• What does periphrastic mean? (NOT: What means periphrasic?)
• Did you wash the car today? (NOT: Why you are laughing?)

Do no se usa junto a otros verbos auxiliares o con be

• Can you tell me the time? (NOT: Do you can tell me the time?)

• Have you seen John? (NOT: Do you have seen John?)

• Are you ready? (NOT: Do are you ready?)

Detrás de do, se usa el infinitivo (sin to)

• What does the boss want? (NOT: What does the boss wants?)

• Did you go climbing last week? (NOT: Did you went climbing last week?)

Solo el verbo auxiliar se coloca delante de sujeto, no el verbo completo

• Is your mother coming tomorrow? (NOT: Is coming your mother tomorrow?)

• Is your daughter having a lesson today? (NOT: Is having your daughter…?)

• When was your reservation made? (NOT: When was made your reservation?)

Esto ocurre incluso si el sujeto es largo

• Where are the President and his family staying? (NOT: Where are staying the
President…?)

Cuando el sujeto es When, Who, Which, what o whose (o cuando forma parte del
sujeto), no se suele usar do.

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 • Who phoned? (Who is the subject)
• Who did you phone?(Who is the object)
• What happened? (What is the subject)
• What did she say? (What is the object
• Which costs more – The blue one or the grey one? (NOT: Which does cost
more?)
• What are all those people looking at? (NOT: Which type of battery does last
longest?)
• How much does the room cost? (NOT: How many people do work in your
office?)

Do se puede usar detrás de palabras que realizan la función de sujeto en la oración

interrogativa (como por ejemplo, what, who)

• Well, tell us, what did happen when your father found you?

• So, who did marry the princess in the end?

A veces se colocan preposiciones al final de preguntas que empiezan por wh, separados
del complemento de la oración

• What are you talking about

• Who did you buy the ticket from?
• What did you clean the floor with?

EXERCISE 1

Choose the correct question

A: Hello. You’d like to open a savings account with our bank, correct?

B: Yes, that’s right.

A: What is your name? / What name is your? / What do your name is? / What your name is?

B: Mark Abreu.

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A: Do you can spell it for me? / Can you to spell it for me? / Can you spell it for me? / Are you
can spell it for me?

B: A – B – R – E – U.

A: Can tell me your address? / Do you can tell me your address? / Can you to tell me your
address? / Can you tell me your address?

B: 441 Miami Gardens Drive, North Miami Beach

A: What is your postal code? / What your postal code is? / What does your postal code be? /
What does your postal code is?

B: 33168.

A: Does it is a flat or a house? / It is a flat or a house? / Does it be a flat or a house? / Is it a flat

or a house?

B: It’s a house.

A: Do you can tell me your date of birth? / Would you can tell me your date of birth? / Can you
to tell me your date of birth? / Could you tell me your date of birth?

B: March 29, 1942.

A: Do you currently working? / Do you currently work? / Are you currently work? / Are you
currently working?

B: No, I don’t. I’m retired now.

A: What did your last job is? / What does your last job was? / What was your last job? / What
your last job was?

B: I was the manager of a large clothing store.

A: Did you have an account with us in the past? / Have you got an account with us in the past?
/ You had and account with us in the past? / Do you had an account with us in the past?

B: No, I never had an account with your bank before.

Let’s practice!
1. READING: ENVIRONMENT, THE FUTURE OF OUR PLANET

The planet's future: Climate change 'will cause civilisation to collapse'

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Authoritative new study sets out a grim vision of shortages and violence – but amid
all the gloom, there is some hope too.

An effort on the scale of the Apollo mission that sent men to the Moon is needed if
humanity is to have a fighting chance of surviving the ravages of climate change. The
stakes are high, as, without sustainable growth, "billions of people will be condemned
to poverty and much of civilisation will collapse".

This is the stark warning from the biggest single report to look at the future of the
planet – obtained by The Independent on Sunday ahead of its official publication next
month. Backed by a diverse range of leading organisations such as Unesco, the World
Bank, the US army and the Rockefeller Foundation, the 2009 State of the Future report
runs to 6,700 pages and draws on contributions from 2,700 experts around the globe.
Its findings are described by Ban Ki-moon, Secretary-General of the UN, as providing
"invaluable insights into the future for the United Nations, its member states, and civil
society".

The impact of the global recession is a key theme, with researchers warning that global
clean energy, food availability, poverty and the growth of democracy around the world
are at "risk of getting worse due to the recession". The report adds: "Too many greedy
and deceitful decisions led to a world recession and demonstrated the international
interdependence of economics and ethics."

Although the future has been looking better for most of the world over the past 20
years, the global recession has lowered the State of the Future Index for the next 10
years. Half the world could face violence and unrest due to severe unemployment
combined with scarce water, food and energy supplies and the cumulative effects of
climate change.

And the authors of the report, produced by the Millennium Project – a think-tank
formerly part of the World Federation of the United Nations Associations – set out a
number of emerging environmental security issues. "The scope and scale of the future
effects of climate change – ranging from changes in weather patterns to loss of
livelihoods and disappearing states – has unprecedented implications for political and
social stability."

But the authors suggest the threats could also provide the potential for a positive
future for all. "The good news is that the global financial crisis and climate change
planning may be helping humanity to move from its often selfish, self-centred
adolescence to a more globally responsible adulthood... Many perceive the current
economic disaster as an opportunity to invest in the next generation of greener
technologies, to rethink economic and development assumptions, and to put the
world on course for a better future."

Scientific and technological progress continues to accelerate. IBM promises a

computer at 20,000 trillion calculations per second by 2011, which is estimated to be
the speed of the human brain. And nanomedicine may one day rebuild damaged cells
atom by atom, using nanobots the size of blood cells. But technological progress

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carries its own risks. "Globalisation and advanced technology allow fewer people to do
more damage and in less time, so that possibly one day a single individual may be able
to make and deploy a weapon of mass destruction."

The report also praises the web, which it singles out as "the most powerful force for
globalisation, democratisation, economic growth, and education in history".
Technological advances are cited as "giving birth to an interdependent humanity that
can create and implement global strategies to improve the prospects for humanity".

The immediate problems are rising food and energy prices, shortages of water and
increasing migrations "due to political, environmental and economic conditions",
which could plunge half the world into social instability and violence. And organised
crime is flourishing, with a global income estimated at $3 trillion – twice the military
budgets of all countries in the world combined.

The effects of climate change are worsening – by 2025 there could be three billion
people without adequate water as the population rises still further. And massive
urbanisation, increased encroachment on animal territory, and concentrated livestock
production could trigger new pandemics.

Although government and business leaders are responding more seriously to the
global environmental situation, it continues to get worse, according to the report. It
calls on governments to work to 10-year plans to tackle growing threats to human
survival, targeting particularly the US and China, which need to apply the sort of effort
and resources that put men on the Moon.

"This is not only important for the environment; it is also a strategy to increase the
likelihood of international peace. Without some agreement, it will be difficult to get
the kind of global coherence needed to address climate change seriously."

While the world has the resources to address its challenges, coherence and direction
have been lacking. Recent meetings of the US and China, as well as of NATO and
Russia, and the birth of the G20 plus the continued work of the G8 promise to improve
global strategic collaboration, but "it remains to be seen if this spirit of co-operation
can continue and if decisions will be made on the scale necessary to really address the
global challenges discussed in this report".

Although the scale of the effects of climate change are unprecedented, the causes are
generally known, and the consequences can largely be forecast. The report says,
"coordination for effective and adequate action is yet incipient, and environmental
problems worsen faster than response or preventive policies are being adopted".

Jerome Glenn, director of the Millennium Project and one of the report's authors, said:
"There are answers to our global challenges, but decisions are still not being made on
the scale necessary to address them. Three great transitions would help both the
world economy and its natural environment – to shift as much as possible from
freshwater agriculture to saltwater agriculture; produce healthier meat without the
need to grow animals; and replace gasoline cars with electric cars."

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EXERCISE

Choose the correct answers for each question. There might be more than one correct
answer.

1. Which organisations back the 2009 State of the Future report?

a. Unesco
b. Russia
c. NATO
d. Rockefeller Foundation
e. United Nations
f. China
g. the US army
h. the World Bank
2. What are the problems we can face mentioned in the text?
a. poverty
b. changes in the weather
c. food scarcity
d. violence
e. bankruptcy
f. lack of clean air
g. too much greed
h. unemployment
3. Which countries are mentioned as the ones which have to implement more resources
to solve this situation according to the text?
a. China
b. Russia
c. The United Kingdom
d. The United States
e. Germany
f. Saudi Arabia
g. India
4. What positive outcome can we get from this situation according to the text?
a. It increases the likelihood of international peace.
b. It could put an end to overpopulation.
c. It is an opportunity to invest in greener technologies.
d. It might be good for technological advances like powerful computers.
e. It would enhance our knowledge on nanomedicine.
f. It could help us act in a less selfish way.
5. Which areas are affected by the main transitions we have to accomplish mentioned by
one of the report’s authors?
a. Nuclear energy
b. Transportation
c. Healthcare
d. Agriculture
e. Meat industry
f. Education
g. Traffic

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GLOSSARY

PALABRA SIGNIFICADO EJEMPLO

a UFO Un OVNI She said that she saw a UFO, but I think she´s lying

Bloom florecer Flowers are blooming

dióxido de
Carbon dioxide Trees absorb carbon dioxide
carbono
Coal carbón Coal is a combustible

countryside el campo I would love to have a big house in the countryside

Drought sequía We can expect droughts.

Flooding inundación Pre-Christmas flooding hits southern Scotland

Fossil fuel combustible fósil We burn fossil fuels like coal, oil, and gas
efecto Temperatures are gradually rising due to the greenhouse
Greenhouse effect
invernadero effect.
Heat wave ola de calor Heat waves in Europe will increase

Ice sheet capa de hielo Ice sheets are melting

Shortage escasez /falta Food shortage puts world in danger

Solar and wind energía solar y Solar and wind power are Australia's preferred energy
power eólica sources
To melt derretirse Ice sheets are melting

EXPRESIONES SIGNIFICADO

To become extinct Extinguirse/ desaparecer

To get used to acostubrarse a algo

I am used to estoy acostumbrado a algo

To put in danger Poner en peligro

To take action Tomar medidas/ actuar

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MÓDULO 3: TRAVELLING

WARMING UP
What are you going to see in this lesson?

 Visiting Italy

 Travel

• Uses of the future tenses

• Reflexive and ergatives verbs

• Delexical verbs

 Learning words and expressions in context

• Turism

• Music

Travels

1. USOS DEL FUTURO

Introduction
En Inglés, la forma por excelencia para expresar tiempo futuro es usando WILL (y
SHALL) más un verbo en INFINITIVO.

Pero también podemos emplear otros tiempos verbales, que destacan diferentes
matices que, de usar solo WILL, se perderían.

Explanation

El Present Simple con valor de futuro:

Se utiliza para hablar de situaciones futuras que siguen un horario definido, un

programa o algún tipo de planificación.

Con este significado, el presente tiene que ir acompañado por alguna expresión que
indique el futuro, para evitar que se interprete como una “situación habitual”.

• The museum opens at 10 o’clock next Sunday.

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No se puede utilizar con situaciones que están fuera del control de los humanos.

• It rains tomorrow.

El Present Progressive con valor de futuro

Se utiliza para hablar de citas o planes de futuro que tienen un grado muy alto de
probabilidad (normalmente porque la otra persona nos espera o hemos comprado
los billetes etc.).

También necesitamos una expresión que indique el futuro para evitar que se
entienda como una “situación en progreso en el momento de hablar”.

• I’m seeing the dentist tomorrow evening.

No se puede utilizar con situaciones que están fuera del control de los humanos.

• *It is raining tomorrow.

Going to
Se utiliza para hablar de:
- Decisiones e intenciones: I’m going to stop smoking.

- Predicciones “informadas” (con un alto grado de fiabilidad,

normalmente basadas en alguna evidencia): She’s going to have a baby
in summer.

Will
Esta forma tiene una paleta de significados muy amplia. Se utiliza para:

- Hacer predicciones menos “informadas” sobre el futuro, normalmente

acompañado por expresiones como I think, I don’t think, I hope …//probably: I
hope I will visit Japan one day.
- Hablar de situaciones muy seguras que ocurrirán en el futuro: I will be thirty
next week.
- Expresar una decisión espontánea o una promesa. Para este valor,
normalmente utilizamos la forma reducida ‘ll: The phone is ringing! I’ll get it //
I’ll call you tomorrow.

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EXERCISE 1

Choose the correct form of the future:

1. Can you ring the cinema and ask when the film ... ?
a) begins
b) will begin
2. Nuclear waste ... to damage the environment for many years.
a) is continuing
b) will continue
3. We'd better take the umbrella. They say it ... this evening.
a) rains
b) is going to rain
4. I can't decide which skirt to buy, so I ... both of them.
a) am going to take
b) 'll take
5. I can't see you next Friday. I ... the dentist.
a) am going to see
b) am seeing
6. This time tomorrow she ... an exam.
a) will be doing
b) will do
7. I promise I ... to you again.
a) am not going to lie
b) won't lie

EXERCISE 2

Choose the correct form of the future:

1. We (meet) .............. Peter at the coach station next Saturday

a) are meeting
b) will meet
c) meet

2. I ( study).............. more for the next exam

a) will study
b) study
c) am studying

3. I think Morgan ( be).............. an interpreter one day

a) will be
b) is going to be
c) is being

4. By 2200 people( live).............. in space cities

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 a) will live
b) is living
c) is going to live

5. Anything to drink? I( have).............. a beer.

a) will have
b) 'm having
c) have

6. Ann and Karen( leave).............. for London next weekend

a) are leaving
b) will leave
c) leave

7. If they are lucky, they (have).............. time to visit the National Gallery and the
British Museum
a) will have
b) going to have
c) are having

8. I’ m busy now. I( help).............. Dad wash his car tomorrow

a) will help
b) 'm helping
c) help

2. REFLEXIVE AND ERGATIVE VERBS

Introduction

Los verbos reflexivos son aquellos que van acompañados de un pronombre reflexivo
cuya finalidad no es más que expresar acciones que el sujeto de la oración realiza
hacia sí mismo/a; es decir, es a la vez sujeto y objeto de la acción del verbo.

Por ejemplo, en estas dos oraciones un verbo es reflexivo y el otro no:

• I wash myself. (Me lavo.) - myself es el objeto de wash

• I wash the dog. (Lavo el perro.) - the dog es el objeto de wash

Explanation
- Los pronombres reflexivos que funcionan como complemento directo en
inglés son:
Singular: myself yourself himself herself itself

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Plural: ourselves yourselves themselves
- Los verbos reflexivos más comunes son:

cut - dry - enjoy - hurt - introduce - kill - prepare- teach

- Cuando estos verbos van acompañados de complemento directo, su significado

varía ligeramente:

amuse - apply - content - behave - blame -distance - express - find - help - see

Ejemplos:

• Would you like to help yourself to another drink? = Would you like to
take another drink?
• I wish the children would behave themselves. = I wish the children would
behave well. He found himself lying by the side of the road. = He was
surprised when he realised
• that he was at the side of the road.
• I saw myself as a famous actor. = I imagined that I was a famous actor.
• She applied herself to the job of mending the lights. = She worked very
hard to mend the lights.
• He busied himself in the kitchen. = He worked busily in the kitchen.
• I had to content myself with a few Euros. = I had to be satisfied with a few
Euro

- El verbo ENJOY siempre lleva objeto.

• We all enjoyed the party.

• I really enjoyed my lunch.

Si ENJOY no tiene otro complemento, usamos un pronombre reflexivo:

• They all enjoyed They all enjoyed themselves.

• I really enjoyed I really enjoyed myself.

NOTA: No se usa pronombre reflexivo detrás de verbos que describen acciones

que las personas suelen hacer por sí mismas:

• He washed in cold water.

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 • He always shaved before going out in the evening.
• Michael dressed and got ready for the party.

- Con estos verbos, solo usamos los pronombres reflexivos para enfatizar
el sujeto.

• He dressed himself in spite of his injuries.

• She’s old enough to wash herself.

Verbos Ergativos

Los verbos ergativos son aquellos que pueden ir acompañados o no por un

complemento directo sin que su significado original se vea afectado.

Los pronombres que usan también son los reflexivos.

Peter closed the door Transitive: N + V + N

The door closed Intransitive: N + V

I boiled a pan of water Transitive: N + V + N

The pan boiled Intransitive: N +V

Los verbos ergativos más comunes son:

begin - break - change -close - drop - crack - dry - end - finish - grow - improve -
increase - move - open - shake – start - stop - tear - turn

Ejemplos:

• I broke the glass.

• I dropped the glass and it broke.

• The referee blew his whistle and started the match.

• The match started at 2.30.

• We grew some tasty potatoes.

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 • The potatoes were growing well.
• The wind shook the trees.
• The trees shook in the wind.

Muchos verbos relacionados con la cocina son ergativos:

bake - boil - cook - defrost - freeze - melt - roast

• You should roast the meat at 200 degrees centigrade.

• The meat was roasting in a hot oven.

• I always defrost meat before I cook it.

• I am waiting for the meat to defrost.

• Melt the chocolate and pour it over the ice cream.

• The chocolate was melting in a pan.

También, aquellos verbos relacionados con medios de transporte:

back - crash - drive - fly - reverse - run - sail - start - stop

• I’m learning to fly a plane.

• The plane flew at twice the speed of sound.

• He crashed his car into a tree.

• His car crashed into a tree.

Usamos verbos ergativos solamente con algunos sustantivos:

- catch: dress, coat, clothes, trousers etc.

- fire : Gun, pistol, rifle, rocket.
- play: guitar, music, piano, violin, CD, DVD etc.
- ring: bell, alarm

• She caught her dress on a nail.

• Her dress caught on a nail.

• He fired a pistol to start the race.

• A pistol fired to start the race.

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EXERCISE 1

Choose the correct reflexive pronoun

1. The wolf is an animal that can defend itself.

2. Children! You must behave yourselves if you want a piece of cake.
3. I think I saw Mark talking to himself yesterday.
4. My mother helped herself to some wine.
5. You need to be more careful or you will cut yourself again.
6. Tom and Alice applied themselves to their studies and they succeeded.
7. Greg told us that we saw ourselves as the winners.
8. Sometimes, I find myself daydreaming.
9. Hey Peter! Are you enjoying yourself?
10. Anthony tried to introduce himself but they would not stop talking.
Exercise 2

Mark the sentences that are NOT correct:

1. I won’t do your homework. You have to do it yourselves.

2. My sister learnt to dress himself at the age of five.
3. I’ll move soon so I have to prepare myselve mentally for the change.
4. She told me not to do it or we could end up hurting ourself again.
5. My father still blames himself for the failure.
6. Oh my goodness! Teach yourselves some manners!
7. The children can’t look after themselve.
8. My laptop turns itself off after five minutes running.
Exercise 3

Correcto or incorrect

1. Water boils at 100 degrees.

a. correct
b. incorrect
2. I boiled some water for the soup.
a. correct
b. incorrect
3. The river dried because of the lack of rain.
a. correct
b. incorrect
4. The film was started
a. correct
b. incorrect
5. I ended the class as soon as the alarm rang.
a. correct

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 b. incorrect
6. These vegetables grow themselves very well.
a. correct
b. incorrect
7. This cake bakes well.
a. correct
b. incorrect
8. Can you set the table while the cake bakes?
a. correct
b. incorrect

3. DELEXICAL VERBS

Introduction

Delexical Verbs: have take make give

Son verbos que, cuando se usan con sustantivos particulares, tienen muy poco
significado propio. Algunos de los más comunes son:

"have" "take" "make" "give"

En estas estructuras, la mayor parte del significado se encuentra en el sustantivo, no

en el verbo. En la mayoría de casos, hay un verbo que tiene un significado similar o
igual a la estructura "delexical". El uso de estas estructuras permite añadir información
adicional a la acción mediante el uso de adjetivos, en lugar de un adverbio. Estas
estructuras son muy comunes en inglés.

Explanation

Have
Usamos have con:

- Food and drink: a meal, breakfast, lunch, dinner, a snack, a cup of tea
- Talking: a chat, a conversation, a discussion, a talk
- Washing: a bath, a shower, a wash, a scrub
- Resting: a break, a holiday, a rest
- Disagreeing: an argument, a dispute, a fight, a quarrel

Ejemplos:

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 • I had a good breakfast before I left home.
• We had a long talk about the problem.
• The kids should have a bath before they go to bed.
• She generally had a short holiday in July or August.
• They had a serious quarrel about their father’s will.

También, con sustantivos derivados de verbos: Ejemplos:

• I think you should have a look at this.

• She had a bite of the cake.
• I’m thirsty. I’m going to have a drink of water.
• I had a listen to that new CD in the car.
• They are going to have a swim.

Take

Usamos take con:

- Washing: a bath, a shower, a wash

- Resting: a break, a holiday, a rest Ejemplos:

• I always take a cold shower in the morning.

• You look tired. You need to take a break.

Y con estas otras palabras:

Care, care of, a turn, turns, trouble, the trouble, a chance, a risk, a decision, a
photograph

Give

Usamos give con:

- Noises: a cry, a laugh, a scream, a shout, a whistle

- Facial expressions: a smile, a grin, a look, a glance

- Hitting: a kick, a punch, a slap, a push, a knock, a blow

- Affectionate actions: a hug, a kiss, a stroke

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 - Talking: some advice, an answer, some information, an interview, a lecture,
some news, a report, a speech, a talk, a warning

Ejemplos:

• She gave a loud laugh.

• John gave a happy smile.
• He gave me a nasty kick on the leg.
• She gave the children a goodnight kiss and put them to bed.
• I have to give a speech at the meeting tomorrow.

Make

Usamos make con:

- Talking and sounds: a comment, an enquiry, a noise, a point, a promise, a

sound, a speech, a suggestion

- Plans: arrangements, a choice, a decision, a plan, plans, an appointment, a

date

Ejemplos:

• Try not to make a noise.

• They made arrangements to meet the next day.

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EXERCISE 1

Use the correct expressions with 'have' to complete the sentences.

Having dinner / Have a look / Have a shower / Had a nice chat / Had an argument/
Have a holiday

1.Can you phone back in half an hour? We´re just…………..

2.I met up with an old friend last night and we ……..about our school days.

3.In the morning I like to go for a long run and then………………

4.I don´t usually ………in the summer. It´s our busiest time at work.

5.¨How was the party?¨

¨It was fun. Rob and Greg …………about football, as usual.¨

6.We took some great photos in Egypt. Would you like to………?

EXERCISE 2

Use the correct expressions with 'take' to complete the sentences.

Take care / take risks / took some great photo / take a break / take a hot bath /
decision to take

1.Sometimes I like to………..at the end of the day. The hot water helps me relax.

2.Ok, let´s………. We´ll start again in half an hour.

3.I´m going to the bathroom. Can you…….of my bags for a moment?

4.If you want to succeed in business, you have to be ready to………….

5.Going to work in another country was a difficult…………..

6. We ……….in Egypt. Would you like to have a look?

EXERCISE 3

Use the correct words to complete the expressions with 'give' in the sentences.

Some advice / a smile / an answer / a scream / a hug / a push

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1.¨Don´t look so sad¨, said the photographer . ¨Give me…………¨

2.¨It´s lovely to see you again¨, my grandmother said. ¨ Give me………….!¨

3.I know it´s not really mu business, but do you mind if I give you……?

4.My car won´t start. Will you give me……….?

5.That´s an extremely good question. I´ll give you ………….in the next lesson.

6.When she saw the spider, she gave ………….and ran from the room.

EXERCISE 4

Use the correct words to complete the expressions with 'make' in the sentences.

Make a promise / make a suggestion / made plans / make a speech / make a sound /
make an appointment.

1.Shh! Don´t…… The baby´s asleep.

2.¨Can´t we visit mum tomorrow?¨

¨No. We …….to call on her today¨

3.My brother asked me to……..at his wedding. I´m terrified!

4.Can I………….? Why don´t we ask Phill if he can help us?

5.Sorry, I can´t meet you this weekend. I´ve already……..

6.Hello, I´d like to …………to see the doctor, please.

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Let’s practice!
1. READING: MOST COMMON HOLIDAY PLACES

The 25 Most Popular Travel Destinations In The World

TripAdvisor just announced the winners of its 2014 Travelers’ Choice awards for
Destinations.

Millions of TripAdvisor users voted on their favorite destinations around the world —
and Asia was the big winner this year.

Six of the top 25 spots on TripAdvisor's list of the World's Top Travel Destinations are
in Asia, including new hotspots like Hanoi, Vietnam (#8); Siem Reap, Cambodia (#9);
and Shanghai, China (#12). Of course perennial favorites like Rome and London made
the list too, but the number one spot may surprise you.

Award winners were based on millions of TripAdvisor reviews of hotels, attractions and
restaurants for different cities over a 12-month period.

The top five travel destinations were:

1. Istanbul, Turkey
2. Rome, Italy
3. London, England
4. Beijing, China
5. Prague, Czech Republic
EXERCISE

True or false

1. The winners of its 2014 Travelers’ Choice awards for Destinations voted the most
popular destinations .
2. Asia was the big winner this year.
3. Rome and London are not on the list.
4. Six of the top 25 spots on TripAdvisor's list of the World's Top Travel
Destinations are in Asia.

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42
GLOSSARY

INGLÉS ESPAÑOL EJEMPLO

Barbecue Barbacoa I love barbecue chicken
Cilantro Cilantro , Coriander UK Cilantro is a very fragant herb
Crust Base pizza This pizza crust is very fine
Even Uniforme, parejo This is a very even surface
Salsa de Mayonesa condimentada,
Ranch He likes to put ranch sauce on his pizza
sazonada
Slice Trozo Take another slice of pizza!
stark
aviso serio This is a stark warning.
warning
Stems Tallos I don't like the parsley stems!
He smelled the tang of orange juice in the
Tang Sabor fuerte
air
To We need to assemble this piece of
Montar
assemble furniture
Baking bread is one of my favourite
To bake Hornear
hobbies
To bubble Burbujear Bake until the cheese starts to bubble
To chop up Cortar en trozos She is chopping up some onions
To pull Pull apart the ingredients that you don't
Separar
apart like
to single
señalar, hacer referencia a, elegir he was singled out to lead the team
out
Toppings Ingredientes pizza-aderezos My favourite topping is tuna

EXPRESIONES SIGNIFICADO
To get a great kick out of
Disfrutar mucho de algo
something
Awesome! Fantástico, Maravilloso
Mujer a la que le gustan mucho las salsas en la comida/ pícara,
Saucy girl
traviesa
No rhyme or reason Sin explicación
Last but not least Por último
Barbecue-smothered Embadurnada de salsa de barbacoa
To stick something into
Meter algo en el horno
the oven
Oh my gosh! ¡Dios mío!
8 inch crust Base de pizza de 8 pulgadas-20 centímetros
Preparar un plato en muy poco tiempo, especialmente
To throw in together
cuando no se dispone de tiempo para cocinar

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 KEY ANSWERS

BLOQUE 3

MÓDULO 1: NEWS

1. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

EXERCISE 1

1. I have been swimming

2. have been travelling

3. has not been working

4. has been snowing

5. have been painting.

2. PRESENT PERFECT VS PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

EXERCISE 1

1. have been calling / have you been

2. have been tidying

3. Have you found / have been looking

4. have not discovered / have not been working / have just come

5. have not cooked / have been talking

EXERCISE 2

1. My friends have built a house.

2. Elizabeth has opened the door.

3. I have been watching TV.

4. Charly has sent the letter.

5. We have been playing football.

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EXERCISE 3

1. b 2. d 3. c 4. d 5. d

3. WHICH & WHAT

EXERCISE 1

1. What 2. What 3. What 4. What 5. Which 6. What 7. Which 8. What 9. Which 10. What

EXERCISE 2

1. What 2. Which 3. Which 4. What 5. What

READING
EXERCISE 1

1. B 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. B

MÓDULO 2: PLANET EARTH

1. CONDITIONALS

EXERCISE 1

1. e 2. f 3. d 4. a 5. c 6. b

EXERCISE 2

1. will take a long holiday and apply for a new job later.

2. won't ever help him again if he's in trouble.

3. I let her down now.

4. will be very happy

5. you pat him on the back.

6. starts yelling at peopl

2. USED TO

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EXERCISE 1

1. Used to

2. Are used to

3. Get used to

4. Did Inés used to

5. Got used to

6. Is used to

EXERCISE 2

1. I used to live in a flat when I was a child.

2. Did we use to go to the beach every summer?

3. She used to love eating chocolate, but now she hates it.

4. He didn’t use to smoke.

5. I used to play tennis when I was at school.

6. She used to be able to speak French, but she has forgotten it all.

7. Did he use to play golf every weekend?

8. They both used to have short hair.

9. Julie used to study Portuguese.

10. I didn’t use to hate school.

3. QUESTIONS BASIC RULES

EXERCISE 1

A: What is your name?

A: Can you spell it for me?

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A: Can you tell me your address?

A: What is your postal code?

A: Is it a flat or a house?

A: Could you tell me your date of birth?

A: Do you currently work?

A: What was your last job?

A: Did you have an account with us in the past?

Reading
Exercise

6. Which organisations back the 2009 State of the Future report?

a. Unesco
b. Russia
c. NATO
d. Rockefeller Foundation
e. United Nations
f. China
g. the US army
h. the World Bank
7. What are the problems we can face mentioned in the text?
a. poverty
b. changes in the weather
c. food scarcity
d. violence
e. bankruptcy
f. lack of clean air
g. too much greed
h. unemployment
8. Which countries are mentioned as the ones which have to implement more resources
to solve this situation according to the text?
a. China
b. Russia
c. The United Kingdom
d. The United States
e. Germany
f. Saudi Arabia
g. India
9. What positive outcome can we get from this situation according to the text?
a. It increases the likelihood of international peace.
b. It could put an end to overpopulation.
c. It is an opportunity to invest in greener technologies.
d. It might be good for technological advances like powerful computers.

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 e. It would enhance our knowledge on nanomedicine.
f. It could help us act in a less selfish way.
10. Which areas are affected by the main transitions we have to accomplish mentioned by
one of the report’s authors?
a. Nuclear energy
b. Transportation
c. Healthcare
d. Agriculture
e. Meat industry
f. Education
g. Traffic

MÓDULO 3: TRAVELS

1. USOS DEL FUTURO

EXERCISE 1

1. begins

2. will continue

3. is going to rain

4. 'll take

5. am seeing

6. will be doing

7. won't lie

EXERCISE 2

1. are meeting

2. will study

3. is going to be

4. will live

5. will have

6. are leaving

7. will have

8. will help

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2. REFLEXIVE AND ERGATIVE VERBS

EXERCISE 1

11. The wolf is an animal that can defend itself.

12. Children! You must behave yourselves if you want a piece of cake.
13. I think I saw Mark talking to himself yesterday.
14. My mother helped herself to some wine.
15. You need to be more careful or you will cut yourself again.
16. Tom and Alice applied themselves to their studies and they succeeded.
17. Greg told us that we saw ourselves as the winners.
18. Sometimes, I find myself daydreaming.
19. Hey Peter! Are you enjoying yourself?
20. Anthony tried to introduce himself but they would not stop talking.
Exercise 2

9. I won’t do your homework. You have to do it yourselves.

10. My sister learnt to dress himself at the age of five.
11. I’ll move soon so I have to prepare myselve mentally for the change.
12. She told me not to do it or we could end up hurting ourself again.
13. My father still blames himself for the failure.
14. Oh my goodness! Teach yourselves some manners!
15. The children can’t look after themselve.
16. My laptop turns itself off after five minutes running.

Exercise 3

9. Water boils at 100 degrees.

a. correct
b. incorrect
10. I boiled some water for the soup.
a. correct
b. incorrect
11. The river dried because of the lack of rain.
a. correct
b. incorrect
12. The film was started
a. correct
b. incorrect
13. I ended the class as soon as the alarm rang.
a. correct
b. incorrect
14. These vegetables grow themselves very well.

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 a. correct
b. incorrect
15. This cake bakes well.
a. correct
b. incorrect
16. Can you set the table while the cake bakes?
a. correct
b. incorrect

3. DELEXICAL VERBS
EXERCISE 1

1. Having dinner

2. Had a nice chat

3. Have a shower

4. Have a holiday

5. Had an argument

6. Have a look

EXERCISE 2

1. Take a hot bath

2. Take a break
3. Take care
4. Take risks
5. Decision to take
6. Took some great photo

EXERCISE 3

1. A smile 2. A hug 3. Some advice 4. A push 5. An answer 6. A scream

EXERCISE 4

1. Make a sound 2. Make a promise 3. Make a speech 4. Make a suggestion 5. Made

plans 6. Make an appointment

READING
EXERCISE 1

1. FALSE 2. TRUE 3. FALSE 4. TRUE

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