Philosophy of Man
Philosophy of Man
Philosophy of Man
MARIONITO L. HINACAY
A discipline not to
be defined but to
be inquired into
The love
of
wisdom It knows no limits
just as the human
mind knows no
boundaries
PHILOSOPHY
PHILOS
(LOVE)
PHILOSOPHY
SOPHIA
(WISDOM)
???
PHILOSOPHY IS A DISCIPLINE OF QUESTIONING
QUESTIONING
The core in every
philosophical inquiry
PHILOSOPHIZING QUESTION
Anyone who asks It is a conscious
questions search for knowledge
It is for the
knowledge of
something
THREE
FUNDAMENTAL
CONDITIONS
OF AN
AUTHENTIC
QUESTION
THE PHILOSOPHICAL METHOD
LOGIC
CRITICAL SYSTEMATIC
OBJECTIVE
RIGOROUS Or
UNBIASED
METAPHYSICS
•The study of reality or
what is real
EPISTEMOLOGY
•The study of knowledge
and what we can know
What
What is
can we
Real?
Know?
What is
Good?
DIVISION SUBJECT MATTER QUESTIONS
1. What is ultimate reality
2. Is it one thing or is it many
1. METAPHISICS Study of Reality different things
3. Can reality be grasped by
the senses or is it
transcendent
4. What is the mind and
what is its relation to the
body
1. What is knowledge
2. Is knowledge acquired
2. EPISTEMOLOGY Study of exclusively through the
senses or by some other
Knowledge means
3. How do we know that
what we perceive through
our senses is correct
1. What is right
2. Are there any objective
3. ETHICS Study of Human standards of right and
wrong
Action 3. Are moral values absolute
or relative
IMPORTANCE OF PHILOSOPHY
“AN UNEXAMINED LIFE IS NOT
WORTH LIVING”
ARISTOTLE
1. Philosophy is a way of
life
2. Philosophy helps us
achieved better
understanding of
ourselves and the
world
3. Philosophy opens up
solutions to the
pressing economic,
political and social
problems
“Character is that which
reveals moral purpose,
exposing the class of
things a man choose or
avoids”
ARISTOTLE
THREE SUBJECT MATTERS IN PHILOSOPHY
GOD
COSMOS
MAN
“PHILOSOPHY IS MERELY AN
OSCILLATION OF THE PENDULUM
FROM ONE EXREME TO THE OTHER
EXTREME”
EMERITA S. QUITO
IT SWINGS FROM ONE POINT OF
HISTORY TO ANOTHER POINT
IN A SPECIFIC ERA OF PHILOSOPHICAL
HISTORY THERE IS A CORRESPONDING
PHILOSOPHICAL APPROACH
THREE PHILOSOPHICAL APPROACHES
COSMOCENTRIC
This was the approach of the ancient
Man during those time was seen as a
times when the world was the center
microcosm
of philosophical studies
THEOCENTRIC
God was the center of their philosophical
The medieval times used this kind of studies and man was studied always in
approach relation to the existence of a super natural
being
ANTHROPOCENTRIC
This is the approach being used in the Man becomes the center of philosophical
modern times studies and seen as the macrocosm
Assignment
1. What is the meaning of the following terms?
1. Confucianism
2. Taoism
3. Yin-Yang
4. Tao-Te-Ching
5. Wu-Wei
2. What are the countries that are most strongly influenced by Confucianism and Taoism?
3. Explain what is meant by the Confucian concept that in “order to govern others, one
must first govern oneself”
4. Confucius praised those kings who left their kingdoms to those apparently most
qualified rather than to their elder sons. Do you agree to such political system? Justify
your answer
5. Why do you think Confucianism and Taoism were repressed by Chinese communism?
6. What is your point of view about the statement that Confucius was a “king without a
crown”? Elaborate well your answer
7. Do you agree in all the philosophical concepts of man by Confucianism and Taoism? If
no, which are those in which you agree and disagree? Why?
8. If you were to be Confucius or Lao-Tzu in the present time, do you accept such
challenge? Reason out
ASSIGNMENT
1. What are the meaning of the following terms?
1. Buddhism
2. Hinduism
3. Karma
4. Nirvana
5. Dharma
6. Reincarnation
7. Samsara
8. Doctrine of Anatman
2. Why do you think Buddha, who was sheltered in luxury, renounced early attachments
and embarked on a quest for peace? Support your answer
3. Explain elaborately what you understand by the Four Noble Truths
4. Do you think that the modern man can achieve the Noble Eightfold Path? Justify your
answer
5. Explain the statement “life is a renewed cycle of birth, old age and death” in the
concept of Buddhism
6. According to Hinduism concept of man, “man is divine”, explain what this statement
means
7. Why is Hinduism did not prosper as a philosophy and religion in the present times?
Justify your answer