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    The Industrial Revolution

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    Sari Nursari
    The Industrial Revolution began in the 18th century in Europe and America as new machines powered by steam began to be used for manufacturing goods. This transition marked the beginning of the First Industrial Revolution. Key developments included the invention of the steam engine in the early 1700s, which was then improved and applied to industries like textiles. In the early 1800s, steam power was also applied to transportation with the development of steam locomotives and ships. The Industrial Revolution transformed working conditions, leading to crowded cities with poor sanitation and long work hours in factories for low wages, fueling opposition movements.

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    The Industrial Revolution

    Uploaded by

    Sari Nursari
    24 views6 pages
    The Industrial Revolution began in the 18th century in Europe and America as new machines powered by steam began to be used for manufacturing goods. This transition marked the beginning of the First Industrial Revolution. Key developments included the invention of the steam engine in the early 1700s, which was then improved and applied to industries like textiles. In the early 1800s, steam power was also applied to transportation with the development of steam locomotives and ships. The Industrial Revolution transformed working conditions, leading to crowded cities with poor sanitation and long work hours in factories for low wages, fueling opposition movements.

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    The Industrial Revolution began in the 18th century in Europe and America as new machines powered by steam began to be used for manufacturing goods. This transition marked the beginning of the First Industrial Revolution. Key developments included the invention of the steam engine in the early 1700s, which was then improved and applied to industries like textiles. In the early 1800s, steam power was also applied to transportation with the development of steam locomotives and ships. The Industrial Revolution transformed working conditions, leading to crowded cities with poor sanitation and long work hours in factories for low wages, fueling opposition movements.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    24 views6 pages

    The Industrial Revolution

    Uploaded by

    Sari Nursari
    The Industrial Revolution began in the 18th century in Europe and America as new machines powered by steam began to be used for manufacturing goods. This transition marked the beginning of the First Industrial Revolution. Key developments included the invention of the steam engine in the early 1700s, which was then improved and applied to industries like textiles. In the early 1800s, steam power was also applied to transportation with the development of steam locomotives and ships. The Industrial Revolution transformed working conditions, leading to crowded cities with poor sanitation and long work hours in factories for low wages, fueling opposition movements.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 6

    The Industrial

    Revolution
    industrial revolution developed in the 18th century in agrarian societies in
    European and American countries
    in that century, the production of goods still used hands and machines
    that were not effective in producing goods

    after there were new machines and were driven by the use of steam power which changed
    the game, the Industrial Revolution began in England and spread throughout the world,
    including the United States, in the 1830s and 40s. Modern historians often refer to this
    period as the First Industrial Revolution, to distinguish it from the second period of
    industrialization that lasted from the late 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century
    and saw rapid progress in the steel, electricity and automotive industries.
    Impact of steam power

    The Industrial Revolution emerged in the early 1700s, when Thomas Newcomen designed
    the first modern steam engine. Called the "atmospheric steam engine", the invention was
    initially applied to power the engine used to pump water out of the mine pit.

    After the steam engine, the steam engine was redesigned by James Watt (Scottish
    engineer) using separate hydro and steam power, a major innovation that would allow
    steam power to spread throughout the British industry, including flour, paper and cotto
    manufacturing, iron work , refining, irrigation and waterways.
    Transportation during the industrial
    Revolution

    In the early 1800s, Richard Trevithick debuted a steam-


    powered locomotive, and in 1830 a similar locomotive
    began transporting goods (and passengers) between the
    industrial centres of Manchester and Liverpool. At that time,
    ships and steam-powered ships were already in
    widespread use, carrying goods along English rivers and
    canals and crossing the Atlantic.
    Communication and banking in industrial
    revolution
    The last part of the Industrial Revolution also saw key advances in communication,
    as people increasingly saw the need to communicate efficiently over long distances.
    In 1837, William Cooke and Charles Wheatstone patented the first commercial
    telegraphic system, even when Samuel Morse and other inventors worked on their
    own versions in the United States. The Cooke and Wheatstone system will be used
    for railroad signaling, because the speed of the new train has created the need for
    more sophisticated means of communication.

    Banks and industrial financiers rose to new prominence during that period, and the
    factory system depended on owners and managers.
    an economic system suitable for free enterprise, private ownership
    of the means of production, and added government interference.
    Working Conditions
    when the rise of big factories turned small cities into big cities for decades.
    This rapid urbanises poses significant challenges, because crowded cities
    suffer from pollution, inadequate sanitation, and lack of clean drinking water.

    Meanwhile, even as industrialization increased economic output overall and improved the
    standard of living for the middle and upper classes, poor and working class people continued
    to struggle. The mechanization of labor created by technological innovation had made working
    in factories increasingly tedious (and sometimes dangerous), and many workers were forced
    to work long hours for pitifully low wages. Such dramatic changes fueled opposition to
    industrialization, including the “Luddites,” known for their violent resistance to changes in
    Britain’s textile industry.

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