Republic of the Philippines

SUPREME COURT
Manila

FIRST DIVISION

G.R. No. 76235 January 21, 1991

PROCERFINA OLBINAR, petitioner

Rufino Mayor and Isidro M. Ampig for petitioner.

NARVASA, J.:

In the Municipal Circuit Court of Babak-Samal, Davao Province, Procerfina Olbinar was indicted,
arraigned and tried for the felony of serious physical injuries committed with the use of a bolo against
the person of Fernando Jimenez on or about June 8, 1980 in Barangay Caliclic Babak, Davao.1 The
prosecution presented its proofs in due course, tending to show that in the evening of June 8,
1980—

1) a certain Romeo Cahilog was boxing Emiliano Olbinar, Procerfina's husband;

2) Fernando Jimenez was trying to break up the assault by pulling Romeo Cahilog from
behind;

3) at this point, Procerfina came and with a bolo hacked Fernando Jimenez "in the right ear;"
a second blow also aimed at Fernando was parried by the latter with his left hand;

4) Fernando cried out that he had been hacked after which he lost consciousness;

5) Fernando sustained a wound in the left ear and a broken left forearm.

Procerfina sought, in her turn, to establish by her own evidence that she had acted in legitimate
defense of her husband and should therefore be exculpated. According to her —

1) from the kitchen of her home, she heard her husband shouting for help;

2) she ran to the scene and saw Fernando Jimenez and Romeo Cahilog mauling her
husband who, bloodied, was down on the ground;

3) she tried to stop the assailants; but not succeeding, she had swiftly run back to her home,
taken a bolo and returned to the scene;

4) Fernando Jimenez intercepted her and tried to grab the bolo from her;

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 5) to avoid being disarmed, she wildly brandished the bolo and in the process hit Jimenez,
and thus succeeded in stopping the attack on her husband.

The trial court concluded from the evidence that she could be credited only with the special
mitigating circumstance of incomplete defense of relative pursuant to paragraph 2, Article 11 in
relation to paragraph 1, Article 13, of the Revised Penal Code.

Art. 11. Justifying circumstances. — The following do not incur any criminal liability:

1. Anyone who acts in defense of his person or rights provided that the following
circumstances concur:

First. Unlawful aggression;

Second. Reasonable necessity of the means employed to prevent or repel it;

Third. Lack of sufficient provocation on the part of the person defending himself.

2. Anyone who acts in defense of the person or rights of his spouse, ascendants,
descendants, or legitimate, natural or adopted brothers or sisters, or of his relatives by
affinity in the same degrees, and those by consanguinity within the fourth civil degree,
provided that the first and second requisites prescribed in the next preceding circumstance
are present, and the further requisite, in case the provocation was given by the person
attacked, that the one making defense had no part therein.

Art. 13. Mitigating circumstances. — The following are mitigating circumstances:

1. Those mentioned in the preceding chapter (i.e., justifying and exempting circumstances),
when all the requisites necessary to justify the act or to exempt from criminal liability in the
respective cases are not attendant.

In a decision rendered on June 29, 1982,2 the Court thus found Procerfina guilty beyond reasonable
doubt of the felony charged, and appreciating in her favor said special mitigating circumstance
(incomplete defense of spouse), "and another ordinary mitigating circumstance of having acted upon
an impulse so powerful (as) to have produced passion and obfuscation," sentenced her "to suffer
imprisonment of 21 days of arresto menor, to pay the cost of P10.00 and in concept of recovery of
civil liability, to pay to Fernando Jimenez the amount of P3,622.50 to cover hospital bills partly paid
and payable to San Pedro Hospital; and the amount of P618.30 to cover cost of medicine purchased
from different boticas or pharmacies."

On appeal perfected by Procerfina, the Court of Appeals affirmed the judgment of the Municipal
Circuit Court,3 in a decision promulgated on August 19, 1986.4

From this adverse decision, Procerfina has come to this Court pleading for reversal thereof and her
absolution of the crime. Her plea will be heeded; her prayer, granted.

The Trial Court conceded that there was unlawful aggression by Fernando Jimenez and one Romeo
Cahilog against Procerfina's husband, Emiliano. The Court declared itself "aware of Criminal Case
No. 877" also pending before it "where Fernando Jimenez . . . (and) Romeo Cahilog were charged
with Physical Injuries in the same incident, . . (and in which case) Fernando Jimenez . . . with his co-
accused entered a plea of guilty and were appropriately sentenced in accordance with the law

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applicable." The criminal complaint which initiated said Criminal Case No. 877, dated June 18,
1980,5 alleged that—

. . . on or about 7:20 o'clock in the evening of June 8, 1980, at Barangay Caliclic Babak,
Davao . . . (both said) accused did then and there wilfully, unlawfully and criminally,
confederating and helping one another, attack, assault, box and kick Emiliano Olbinar hitting
[him] in the face and in different parts of the body while the latter was sitting on the bench
near the store of Procerfina Olbinar, his wife, causing him physical injuries which would
require medical attendance with healing period for TEN (10) days barring complications . . . .

Nevertheless the Court held that the means employed by Procerfina to prevent or repel the
aggression against her husband were not reasonably necessary. It considered as "worthy with truth .
. . the prosecution's side of the story that accused hacked Fernando Jimenez twice, directed on the
head with the use of a bolo at the height of anger after seeing her husband mauled, an act or means
employed by her beyond the realm of reasonable necessity to repel the aggression under paragraph
2, Article 11 of the Revised Penal Code."

The same conclusion was arrived at by the Court of Appeals. It noted that complainant, Fernando
Jimenez, did "not appear to be armed," nor did it appear "that the life of her husband was under
serious threat. Yet, appellant used a bolo to hack the complainant at his ear. Another blow wounded
the parrying arm of the complainant and broke his elbow."6

The Court of Appeals also ruled that Fernando's "version that he was hacked at his head while
breaking up the fight between appellant's husband and Cahilog" was more credible.7 The ruling is
obviously erroneous being contrary to the undisputed fact expressly and solemnly admitted by
Fernando Jimenez—when he and his co-accused, Romeo Cahilog, entered a plea of guilty when
arraigned in Criminal Case No. 877, supra—that at the time they were attacking, boxing and kicking
Emiliano Olbinar, hitting (him) in the face and in different parts of the body, cooperating with and
helping each other. This belies Fernando's protestations that the fight transpired only between
Romeo Cahilog and Procerfina's husband, and he (Fernando) was merely trying to break up the fight
and pacify the protagonists.

It being incontrovertible that both Romeo Cahilog and Fernando Jimenez attacked Emiliano and beat
him up so severely as to cause his incapacity for labor and require that he undergo medical
treatment for ten days or so, it is not improbable, as Procerfina testified, that he had fallen to the
ground and his face had been bloodied, because of the assault. Procerfina had not seen the
commencement of the assault on her husband. She had no way of knowing if her husband had
given sufficient provocation therefor. All that she saw, on responding to her husband's cry for help,
was that he was on the ground, there was blood on his person, and two men were boxing and
kicking him. After she had tried vainly to get the men to stop beating her husband, she had gotten a
bolo from her home and rushed back to defend her fallen spouse who, for all she knew, was already
seriously wounded. Unarmed, and her husband to all appearances already hors de combat, she
evidently could offer no reasonable defense, or otherwise cause cessation of the assault on her
husband. And whatever might have transpired immediately on her return with the bolo—whether she
forthwith sailed into the two assailants, or whether Fernando Jimenez had indeed tried to prevent her
from helping her husband and sought to disarm her to prevent her in consequence of which she had
flailed wildly about with her weapon, and inflicted the injuries in question on him—the fact of the
matter is that under the circumstances, she obviously felt the compelling urgency for swift action to
stop the assault on her prostrate husband, and there was nothing else she could do towards this end
except to try to hit out at his attackers. She must have been near panic. She had no time to think.
She had to act, and act quickly. The circumstances certainly afforded her no time to investigate the
nature of her husband's injuries, determine if he was in danger of death, analyze the situation and

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ascertain what would be the most reasonable mode by which with her bolo she could stop her
husband's mauling—whether she should use the flat, not the sharp edge of the weapon, should first
announce that she had a bolo and would use it if they did not cease in their nefarious acts, etc.

The Court is therefore satisfied that Procerfina had acted in justifiable defense of her husband. In
1âwphi1

the situation in which she had found herself, she was justified in believing that her husband was the
victim of an unlawful aggression by two (2) men, who had gotten the better of him and had already
succeeded in bloodying his face and dropping him to the ground; she had no way of knowing if her
husband had given provocation for the attack; she herself had not given any such provocation; and
the means employed by her were not in the premises unreasonable considering that without any
weapon, she was no match for either of the assailants, much less both of them.

WHEREFORE, the Decision of the Court of Appeals dated August 19, 1986 is REVERSED and
another rendered, ACQUITTING the petitioner, with costs de officio. The bond for her provisional
liberty is cancelled.

SO ORDERED.

Cruz, Gancayco, Griño-Aquino and Medialdea, JJ., concur.