Siwes Report On Networking
Siwes Report On Networking
Siwes Report On Networking
TECHNICAL REPORT
OF
HELD AT
WRITTEN BY:
SUBMITTED TO:
NIGER STATE.
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I dedicate this report to Allah (SWT) who gave me the grace and strength to
finish my SIWES program successfully and also for providing all the necessary
resources.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Lastly, I say a big thanks to NOC manager and coordinator; Engr Husseini
Akande, NOC HOD; Engr Lawal Adebayo, my industrial base supervisor; sister
Eletta Adeola O, other NOC staff; Mrs. Adeola Khadeeja, Olaoye Adeleke,
Rafin Muritala and to my colleagues at NOC; Ahmed Mujidat K, Adeyemi
Khadeejat T, Boluwatife Alabi Ruth, AbdulGaniyu Otuoze, Mary, Jibril
Yahaya, you’ve been a pillar of support during my time at NOC. Thank you all
and GOD bless.
TABLE OF CONTENT
DECLARATION
DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
CHAPTER ONE
1:0 Introductions
1:1 Background
CHAPTER TWO
CHAPTER THREE
Work Experience
3.0 Networking
3.1 Network Topology
3.4 IP Addressing
CHAPTER FOUR
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND
The Industrial Training fund established by decree 43 was introduced in 1971,
vis-à-vis the birth of the Students Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES)
the same year by the Federal Government of Nigeria (FGN).
It is an integral part of the requirements for the award of Certificates, Diplomas
and Degrees in institutions of higher learning, e.g, Colleges of Education,
Polytechnics, Universities, etc.
Vice Chancellor
Director of COMSIT
NOC Manager
SUPERVISOR
Riggers
Industrial Training
Students
2.4 UNITS IN THE ESTABLISHMENT AND THEIR FUNCTIONS
WORK EXPERIENCE
3.0 NETWORKING
Network are component involve in connecting computer and application across
small and large distance.
Each computer on the network has access to the files and peripheral device
(such as printers or modems) on all the other computers on the network.
Star Topology
This is a local area network topology where all the nodes are connected
individually to a central connecting device called a hub or switch. Signals travel
from the nodes to the hub which then sends signals to other nodes on the
network. A star topology network is scale able –i.e. it can be design and
redesign easily.
Bus Topology
A LAN topology where each node is connected to a single main bus cable, is
transmits data to all the nodes on the network. The bus is actually a series of
cable segments running from one node to the other. Break or faulty piece of
cable anywhere on the segment prevents all the computers on the segment from
being able to communicate.
Mesh Topology
This is a network topology where every node on the network has a separate wire
connecting it to every other node on the network. It provides each device with a
point-to-point connection to every other device in the network. This type of
network has a high fault tolerance because failure of one node does not affect
data transmission between other nodes.
• Wired media
• Wireless media
Wired Media
These are media which require the use of wires, lines and cables to transmit
communication signals. During my industrial training at NOC, I encountered
majorly three different types of wired network media namely:
Coaxial cable
A coaxial cable is an alternative for protecting data from noise. Coaxial cables
do not produce external electric and magnetic fields and are not affected by
them. This makes them ideally suited, although more expensive, for
transmitting signals.
In a twisted pair there are eight copper wire that are coated with different
colours; the colours are mix/orange, orange, mix/blue, blue, mix/green, green,
mix/brown and brown.
These colours are very important when terminating cables. The two most
common ways of terminating Ethernet cables are:
At NOC the backbone upon which the network is built is fibre optic.
• Multi-mode fibres
Wireless Media
During my stay at NOC I was able to interact with the following devices:
Ethernet Radio
Is a device that sends and receive packets from one network to the other.
Router
A router is a device that forwards data packets between computer
networks, creating an overlay internetwork. A router is connected to two
or more data lines from different networks. When a data packet comes in
one of the lines, the router reads the address information in the packet to
determine its ultimate destination. Then, using information in its routing
table or routing policy, it directs the packet to the next network on its
journey.
Switch
A network switch is a computer networking device that connects network
segments or network devices. It serves mainly for extension.
Antenna
It’s a device that aid and enhances the signal strength and quality. Antennas are
not used alone; it is always attached to something mostly to an antennas. An
antenna is of two types in terms of direction Directional and Omni-directional.
Directional beams signal in one direction while Omni- directional beams signals
in all direction. Antennas are better propagated horizontally.
Connectors
Rj-45 plug is the common name for an 8P8C modular connector using 8
conductors which pin down wires in a twisted pair cable.
Crimping tool
Is a tool used to terminate category cables such as CAT1-CAT6 using an RJ-45
connector; it can also be used to cut cable to a desired length.
LAN cable tester
This is used to test if a category cable has been well terminated, or develop a
fault.
3.4 IP ADDRESSING
An IP address is a unique identifier that is assigned to a host on a network. It is
also a unique identifier for a host or a node on a network. We have IPv4 and
IPv6. The most used being IPv4 (with 32bits).
Functions of IP Addressing
• For location of a device on the network
• It is assigned to allow hosts on one network to communicate to hosts on
another network
• IPv4 address is 32 bits divided in to four octets or bytes using dot ’.’
Classes of IPv4 Addresses
IPv4 which is 32bits has class ranges from class A-E
Class A
This Class address can only be between 0 and 127. All 0’s reserved for default
route and ‘127’ is reserved for trouble shooting –loop back, therefore in reality
Class A valid address range that can be assigned to host on a network is 10-
126
Class B
Class B address can only be between 172 – 191
Class C
Class address can only be between 192 – 223
Class A-C is used for uncast.
Class D and E
Class D (224-239) used for multicasting
• Class E (240-255) for research purposes
Broadcast Address
This is the address used to send data to all hosts on a broadcast domain.
When all the host bits are on (‘1’) this is a broadcast address for all hosts
255 are reserved for sending broadcast message.
Subnet ting
The basic function of sub-netting is to define the class boundary.
To create subnets you take bits from the host portion of the IP address and
reserve them to define the subnet address.
Subnet Mask
The subnet mask for class A ranges from 255.0.0.0
The subnet mask for class B ranges from 255.255.0.0
The subnet mask for class C ranges from 255.255.255.0
The first octet determines the class.
The ‘255’ above represent the network portion and the zeros represent the host
portion.
10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255
Addresses: 16,777,216
172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255
Addresses: 1, 048, 5
The gains of this exercise are immense; that it was worth the while is grossly an
understatement. Being accorded another opportunity in life to be exposed to the
rudiments of work places outside the class room teaching is an experience of a
life time.
4.3 CONCLUSION