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    Numeral Systems

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    Goheim
    Archaeologists have found that early humans counted using tally systems like scratches, knots, pebbles, and notches to represent numbers. Over time, humans developed numeral systems to record numbers more efficiently. There are two main types of numeral systems: non-positional systems where the value of symbols does not depend on their position, like the Egyptian system; and positional systems where symbols take on different values based on their position, like our decimal system and the binary system used in computers. Numeral systems established standardized rules and conventions for expressing numbers verbally and graphically through a limited set of symbols.

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    Numeral Systems

    Uploaded by

    Goheim
    36 views3 pages
    Archaeologists have found that early humans counted using tally systems like scratches, knots, pebbles, and notches to represent numbers. Over time, humans developed numeral systems to record numbers more efficiently. There are two main types of numeral systems: non-positional systems where the value of symbols does not depend on their position, like the Egyptian system; and positional systems where symbols take on different values based on their position, like our decimal system and the binary system used in computers. Numeral systems established standardized rules and conventions for expressing numbers verbally and graphically through a limited set of symbols.

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    Numeral Sysrtems

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    Archaeologists have found that early humans counted using tally systems like scratches, knots, pebbles, and notches to represent numbers. Over time, humans developed numeral systems to record numbers more efficiently. There are two main types of numeral systems: non-positional systems where the value of symbols does not depend on their position, like the Egyptian system; and positional systems where symbols take on different values based on their position, like our decimal system and the binary system used in computers. Numeral systems established standardized rules and conventions for expressing numbers verbally and graphically through a limited set of symbols.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    36 views3 pages

    Numeral Systems

    Uploaded by

    Goheim
    Archaeologists have found that early humans counted using tally systems like scratches, knots, pebbles, and notches to represent numbers. Over time, humans developed numeral systems to record numbers more efficiently. There are two main types of numeral systems: non-positional systems where the value of symbols does not depend on their position, like the Egyptian system; and positional systems where symbols take on different values based on their position, like our decimal system and the binary system used in computers. Numeral systems established standardized rules and conventions for expressing numbers verbally and graphically through a limited set of symbols.

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    of 3

    NUMERAL SYSTEMS.

    NUMERAL SYSTEMS.
    Archaeologists and anthropologists study ancient civilizations. They have helped
    us to understand how people long ago counted and recorded numbers. Their findings
    suggest that the first attempts at counting were to use a tally. For example, in ancient
    times people used items to represent numbers.

    We can see some examples:


    ❖ Scratches on a cave wall showed the number of new moons since buffalo herd came

    through:

    Stars petroglyph Lorito Picada arte de la roca de Amambay, Paraguay (Wikipedia)

    ❖ Knots on a rope showed the rows of corn planted:

    Knots on a rope (Wikipedia)

    ❖ Pebbles on the sand showed the number of traps set for fish:

    Pebbles (Wikipedia)

    ❖ Notches cut or painted stripes on a branch showed the number of new lambs born:

    Axel Cotón Gutiérrez 1|3


    NUMERAL SYSTEMS.

    Painted stripes (Wikipedia)

    ❖ Marks on bones to know the lunar calendar:

    Ishango bone (Wikipedia)

    In time, humans learned to write numbers more efficiently. They did this by
    developing Numeral Systems.

    MATH VOCABULARY: Numeral System, Count, Tally.

    We can define a Numeral System as a set of rules and conventions that are used
    to graphically and verbally express numbers through a limited set of words or signs

    There are two types of numeral systems: non-positional systems and positional
    systems:

    ❖ Non-positional additive systems are those that are based on the additive principle:
    the number represented by a particular set of symbols is the sum of the values that
    each symbol represents. That is, it does not matter in which order the symbols are
    Axel Cotón Gutiérrez 2|3
    NUMERAL SYSTEMS.

    placed. Examples are the Egyptian numeral system or the attic system of Ancient
    Greece.

    Egyptian numerals (Wikipedia)

    ❖ Positional additive systems are based on the principle of relative value: each
    symbol acquires a different value according to the position it occupies. The different
    places that a symbol can occupy are called orders or place value. Examples are the
    Babylonian numeral system, the Roman numeral system, the Japanese, our decimal
    numeral system or the binary numeral system that computers use.

    Positional system (Wikipedia)

    MATH VOCABULARY: Place Value, Additive System, Positional System.

    Axel Cotón Gutiérrez 3|3

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