Atomic Absorption Spectros
Atomic Absorption Spectros
Atomic Absorption Spectros
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Pyrex body
cathode
Anode
Cathode
Anode
Elements to be analyzed needs to be in
atomic sate
Atomization is separation of particles into
individual molecules and breaking molecules
into atoms .This is done by exposing the
analyte to high temperatures in a flame or
graphite furnace .
The role of the atom cell is to primarily dissolvate a
liquid sample and then the solid particles are
vaporized into their free gaseous ground state form
. In this form atoms will be available to absorb
radiation emitted from the light source and thus
generate a measurable signal proportional to
concentration .
# atoms in
Excited state
Boltz
mann
const Temperature
# atoms in
Ground state Energy
ant
difference
Statistical
factor
Atomic emission uses Excited atoms
Capillary
Solution
The fine mist of droplets is mixed with fuel
( acetylene ) , and oxidant ( nitrous oxide) and
burned.
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Concentration ( g/ml )
A 1.0 - absorbance measured
b 0.9 -
S 0.8 - .
o 0.7 - .
r 0.6 - .
b 0.5 - . .
a 0.4 - .
n 0.3 - . concentration calculated
c 0.2 -
e 0.1 -
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Concentration ( mg/l )
The concentration of the analyte element is
considered to be proportional to the ground state
atom population in the flame ,any factor that
affects the ground state atom population can be
classified as an interference .
- Transport Interference :
Rate of aspiration, nebulization, or transport of the
sample ( e g viscosity, surface tension, vapor pressure
, and density ) .
The are many applications for atomic
absorption:
- Clinical analysis : Analyzing metals in
biological fluids such as blood and urine.
- Environmental analysis : Monitoring our
environment – e g finding out the levels of
various elements in rivers, seawater, drinking
water, air, and petrol.
- Pharmaceuticals. In some pharmaceutical
manufacturing processes, minute quantities of a
catalyst used in the process (usually a metal) are
sometimes present in the final product. By using
AAS the amount of catalyst present can be
determined.
- Industry : Many raw materials are examined and
AAS is widely used to check that the major elements
are present and that toxic impurities are lower than
specified – e g in concrete, where calcium is a major
constituent, the lead level should be low because it is
toxic.