Organizational Structure
Organizational Structure
Organizational Structure
ORGANISATIONAL ST'RUCTURE
2.1 Introduction
2.6 Conclusion
2.1 INTRODUCTION
The twentieth century has witnessed the growth of yet another device
of' administrative organisation. This new growth is "Public System". It has been
crisis in order to meet certain emergencies created by the Great war and the
Dimock, however, suggests that "the appeal of this idea arises partly from a
It is beyond doubt that the Public Enterprise has played a vital role in
vague and varying. Sometimes, it covers the whole of public sector including
1
W.A. Robson : Public Enterprise (1937), p.357.
Public Enterprise
jointly, by the Central Government and State Government and in each case
Public Corporation
the United States a city, for example, is a public Corporation acting under the
Public Sector
largely for the public benefit rather than for profit. Included is the entire
machinery of government offices and agencies on the local state, and national
levels, and all the various enterprises they support (Police and fire protection,
military. hlghway maintenance, public education etc.).
Public Utility
regulated monopoly. The most important public utilities are those supplying
water, electric power, gas, telephone and telegraph service, and local
carriers, which similarly operate under government franchise and are strictly
regulated.
Jawaharlal Nehru.
as its aim. The two Policy Resolutions adopted by the Parliament in 1948 and
1956 recognised the need of rapid industrialisation. The Public Enterprise was
given the key and decisive role in the rapid industrialisation of the country.
The form of public enterprise should be such as to provide it with the frame
its operation. Keeping this in view, the public enterprise units have been
organised as distinct autonomous units with varying degree of legal a n d
operational ~ndependence.
forms.
1. Government Company
2. Public Corporation
Government Company
This form has most of the characteristics of private limited company, the
Management enjoys more autonomy because decisions are taken by its Board
registered under this form of organisation. The prominent among them a r e the
Hindustan Machines Tools Ltd., the Heavy Electricals Ltd., the Hindustan
Steel Ltd., the Indian Refineries Ltd., the State Trading Corporation etc.
Public Corporation
autonomy in operations within the frame work of the Act. Its capital is fully
Board of Directors appointed under the provisions of the Act and answerable
any budget appropriations except to provide capital and t o cover losses. The
executive authority of the Corporation does not vest in the civil servants. It is
This is the oldest form of organisation of public units. Most of the early
The executive decisions of such units are taken at the departmental level and
many rules and regulations, the decisions are delayed and opportunity lost.
The civil servants who are at the helm of affairs are generally over burdened
impairing their efficiency. These units generally run in loss which is not taken
post and telegraph. Today, they cover a vast and varied range of activities, and
In the past state monopoly was mainly in public utilities. Its importance
rapidly increased practically all over the world in all those industries which
communication etc. The general characteristic of public utilities was that they
were under public monopoly and were to supply mostly essential services of
public interest. They were subject to special State Regulations. The state was
obliged to supply special, regular and continuous service to the people. The
other public utilities rates were fixed by "rate schedules" and were said to be
"reasonable rates".
These utilities are run in the public interest either by the local authority or an
agency of the state or central government. The main purpose of such utility
public utilities are supply of water, transport service, telephone service etc.
or provides basic and essential goods and services without which it would be
nearly impossible for any modern industrial society to exist without much cost.
arrange for the efficient and uninterrupted supply of such goods and services
as are absolutely indispendsible for a civilised community is referred to as a
earn profit but to provide the services for the common goal of the people
without any discrimination and at reasonable prices. Telephone services, the
one should have monopoly right in providing such services in any particular
area. Such a public utility concern enjoys natural monopoly. Olie of the
distinguished feature of the public utility is that it is a natural monopoly and
its activities are, therefore, controlled and regulated by the government or the
Organisation.
Early History and Development
Since its inception in 1850, the telegraph service in India had been from
to show how the finances of the country were affected by each unit. Opening
to the great expansion of the Department which has taken place since 1877,
an increase in the number of higher posts and also of the Divisional charges
had been admitted by the Government of India to be necessary for some time.
took place. During the year 1905, control of Telegraph Department except as
regards connected with building and electricity was transfered from Public
Department of Commerce and Industries with effect from 1st March 1905.
However, there was reversion of control of Posts and Telegraphs again to
Department took place and the Circle Scheme was introduced. In 1912-1914,
was made into a seperate Ministry with the beginning of interim Government
formed in accordance with the basic lines of Federal Structure of' India as
efficiency in all social, political and business endeavours. The world has now
with full executive, administrative and financial powers to deal with various
Telecommunications.
The primary objective of the Telecom Commission is to provide better
customer service to the people and expand its reach to the common man.
* Technology
* Production
* Service-
* Finance
* Administration
technology needed for all telecom activities. He will have with him R&D
laboratories, training, quality assurance circles, and technology planning
related responsibilities. He will have Advisor (Technology)to assist him.
e MEMBER (F)
5, DOG
~Flnl
ODG
t:
(Rev1
,Prof &
t x fl,
DDG d ACC
t
(MIS) (TFP) (LTP)
onc
I.,
MTNL
AUTONOMOlJS H001FS T
VSNL
C DOT HIL
Member (Services) is responsible for providing customer services and
him. All the telecom circles, MTNL,TClL and VSNL and Training Centre at
Jabalpur and T&D Circle, Jabalpur will report to him.
Parliamentary Activities.
formed as a n integral part of the Indian P&T Department. At that time there
were only 4,200 telephones in Madras. The progress made during the period
from 1943 to 1947 was also meagre. The war revaged economy could not afford
Exchange, till then under the control of PMG, Madras was transferred to the
Madras Telephones District.
city of Madras is the capital of Tamilnadu, the land of Temples. In it, we have
fine synthesis of all that is great, the old and new, Madras or
foreshore of Mylapore. Then, early in the 17th century the British East India
Company started a trading centre in the city. Francis Day of the East India
in 1653. A few years later the corporation of Madras was established. From
these small beginnings a vast city has developed in the last centuries. It is now
the Fourth largest city in India. It hums with industrial activity! but it still
retains an old world charm.
city of Madras and adjoining areas. Total Area Served - 1105 Sq.Kms.
Population Served is about 6 Million. The density of Telephone varies from less
than 100 telephones per sq.km. The total area is served by 37 Telephone
Exchanges with a total equipped capacity of 2,26,100 lines (as per status report
Exchange opened in 1882. First automatic exchange was opened in 1926 (1500
Adyar (19741, Kellys (1974) and New Anna Road (1975), Harbour I (1984),
1984 and the first digital Electronic Exchange was commissioned in Flower
RLU (1992), K.K.Nagar RLU 11992j, Tambaram RLU (1992), Anna Nagar I
( 1992), followed.
sq.kms. The older parts of Madras city lie within a rectangular area of 129
sq.kms with its eastern edge along the Bay of Bengal. Later expansion
centres in the city have been brought into the Madras Main System. The
within the Madras Telephone District are grouped into exchange systems.
TABLE 2.1
Equipped 5% of Working
Type of No. of
Exchange Exchange Capacity capacity lines
No. of lines
1. Strowger 2 12,800 5.7% 12,234
2. Crossbar 10 77,550 34.3% 70,438
3. Electronics 25 1,35,75C 60.0% 1,21,796
Total 37 2,26,100 100.0% 2,04,468
Waiting List : (Combined for all exchanges)
OYT Special
OET General
NOYT Special
NOfiT SS
NOYT General
Telex
TABLE 2.2
Group 'A' 83 8 1 8
Group 'B' 354 33 22 15
Group 'C7 6,433 1,382 101 2,230
Group 'D' 2,283 64.5 62 252
Total 9,153 2,068 lS6 2,505
2.5 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS OF LYZQDRASTELEPHONES
and methods vary from country to country and one enterprise to another. The
difference in organisational forms crop up on the basis that every country has
area of i.105 Sa.kms. The management, responsibility 1s vested with the Chief
Advice and Accounting. The exchanges and the external plants are maintained
are also given refresher training from time to time to update their knowledge
and skills in the changing technologies increasingly brought into the Telecom.
Services.
2.6 CONCLUSION
Alexander Graham Bell had invented the telephone. The first telephone
exchange was opened a t 37, Errabalu Chetty Street, on January 28, 1882 and
started serving 25 subscribers t o begin with. It was one of the most memorable
occasions that the city of Madras had acquired its first telephone service,
simultaneously with the great city of London. This is the birth of 'Madras
Telephone Company' through a seed of national movement. The natlve
and the Mambalam Auto Exchange (with 500 lines in 1937) were
the quarter century from 1947 to 1972, the equipped telephone capacity has
works out t o an average of 2,090 additional lines per year. This pace of growth
was surpassed tremendously during the nine years af%er 1972. During this
period 1972-81, the average growth rate was 3,200 lines per year. With the
introduction of the deposlt system in 1975 for fresh applications, there has
been a slump in the demhnd for new telephones. The waiting list with demand
system, with hardly 25 subscribers, the telephone service in Madras had begun
latest technologies now available all over the globe, 39 telephone exchanges
spanning a stretch of 1,105 sq.kms. are now available to the 6 million people
of this great Madras City. The total equipped capacity is over 2.26 lakh lines
with 60% of the equipment served by the latest electronic technology and out
of the remaining 34.3% of the capacity are fed from the crossbar systems and
5.7% from the old type Strowger technology. Madras will be having the most
years. This will unfold the beginning of the new era wherein computer
1.I lakh of waiting applications; some of them waiting from 1985 in one or two
minimise the waiting time of the applicants and optimise the available
subscribers could be reduced to about one year under Non-OYT category and
will be almost current in all the exchange in the OYT Category. It is hoped
that i t will reach the level of satisfaction by the end of the 8th Five Year Plan.
supervision and effective maintenance techniques which are possible due to the
Madras Telephones has got about 9,153 employees in its fold, out of
which 27.5% are women, 22.8% of the employees of this organisation are
hailing from SC and ST. In-service training is arranged for all the staff in
latest skills and methods to keep pace with advancement in the communication
network. Madras Telephones strives its best to make the employee, a happy
worker and also to remain a competent and contented worker. We also believe
that it is not the master-servant relationship that, achieves the required outp1.t
Telephones District and its style of functioning, the decision had been taken
to select Madras Telephones for this research study. The decislon to select
convenient and free access to their executives and secondly, the suitability of
the setting from the point of view of research questions. Pilot study was
conducted so that further insight regarding the setting of the final study may
be developed. It was decided that the data for the final study were to be
collected from the various field units of Madras Telephones because these were
judged a s the most appropriate setting from the point of view of the leader-