Telecom -> A growth story

 Overview
1. Objective
2. History of Indian Telecom
3. Major milestone of the Indian technology
4. Wireless communication and wireline communication
5. Telecom services providers
6. Trends in Indian telecom sector
 Use of technology
1. Intro to 2G – Voice Service , low data speed
2. 3G evolution – Voice , high speed data
3. 4G introduction – A change from voice to data service
 Market penetration
1. From metro to urban
2. From urban to semi urban and rural
3. Market potentialities
4. Impact of market strategy on the telecom industry
 Factors affecting the growth of telecom industry
1. Technology
2. Cost of service
3. Mobile number portability
4. Development of social media access over mobile devices
5. Development of app platform enabling more of data use over mobile
6. Development of use of internet on mobile via wi-fi and3G/4G
7. Development of users devices like smart phones based on android and IOS
operating system
 Issues effecting growth of telecom industry
 Future trends
1. Intro of 5G
2. Economics slowdowns
3. Market saturation
4. Intro to new service
 Pors & Cons

Introduction

The Telecommunications Industry of India is one of the vast and leading industries in the world connecting different parts of the
country through various modes like telephone, radio, television, satellite and internet. The Telecom Regulatory Authority of India
governs this industry by providing a regulatory framework and favourable environment for its efficient operation. The Indian telecom
industry stands as the second- largest in the world due to its rapid advancement and is in cut-throat competition with the telecom
industries of the other developed countries. The telecommunication services offered by this industry are easily accessible at
affordable prices to the customers of urban and rural areas of India. India’s telecom network encompasses a highly developed and
unique technology in the world. The present study has therefore been undertaken to analyze the history and evolution of Indian
Telecom Industry while emphasizing upon its major segments, the Government Telecom policies followed for its systematic
functioning and its growth and development in the present scenario along with the future opportunities for advancement.

The growth story

The Indian Telecom Industry is considered to be a vital tool for the development of the country on the whole by contributing towards
the immense growth, quick expansion and upgradation of various sectors of the nation. This industry increases the GDP of India,
earns profit for the Indian Government and creates employment opportunities for a great number of people. The Indian Telecom
Industry is very huge consisting of companies that make hardware and also produce software. Presently, it contributes to a revenue of
USD 33, 500 million [2]. Along with the Government owned telecom units, the Indian Telecom market has also attracted many
private operators to enter here who started offering their telecom services as fixed communication, mobile communication and data
services to the customers at the most reasonable prices

II. Objectives :

The objectives of the research study are:-

To analyze the history and evolution of Indian Telecom Industry.
To review the Government Telecom policies.
To identify the present trends in the Indian Telecom Industry and its growth.
To study the future growth opportunities in the Indian Telecom Industry.
 History of Indian Telecom Sector:
The history of Indian Telecom Sector began in 1851, when The British Government were laid down the first operational landlines in
Kolkata, (Tarab, 2012). In 1881, a separate telephone services were introduced by opening telegraph facilities to the public. The
telephone services were merged with the postal system in the year 1883. In the beginning, Rajdhani of East India Company was
situated at Kolkata; but in the year 1911, the capital got shifted to Delhi and continued to be capital of India. At that time, Public
Works Department (PWD) was running the functions of telecom operations with head office at New Delhi. Gradually the control of
telecom operations transferred to Director General Postal and Telegraph (DGP&T) from PWD, from DGP&T to Department of
Telecommunication (DoT), from DoT to Department of Telecom Service (DTS), and finally landed in Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited
(BSNL). All these years, New Delhi continued to be the head office of Telecom Sector. In the year 1923, Indian Radio Telegraph
Company (IRT) was formed. In the year 1947, just after the independence, all the foreign telecommunication companies were
nationalized to form Telephone, Telegraph and Post (PTT), which was run by the Government of India, under Ministry of
Communications in a monopoly manner. To get better performance, Government decided to bring the Indian Telecom Sector under
the roof of state’s control. In 1980, private sector was allowed in manufacturing telecom equipment’s, which initiated reforming the
telecommunication sector. History of Indian Telecom Sector: The history of Indian Telecom Sector began in 1851, when The British
Government were laid down the first operational landlines in Kolkata, (Tarab, 2012). In 1881, a separate telephone services were
introduced by opening telegraph facilities to the public. The telephone services were merged with the postal system in the year 1883.
In the beginning, Rajdhani of East India Company was situated at Kolkata; but in the year 1911, the capital got shifted to Delhi and
continued to be capital of India. At that time, Public Works Department (PWD)

VI. MAJOR MILESTONES OF THE INDIAN TELECOM INDUSTRY The Indian Telecom Industry comprises of
various segments that are an indicator of its growth and development. It is broadly divided into two segments, Fixed Communication
and Mobile Communication. Nowadays, there is a rapid growth in the field of mobile communication as compared to fixed
communication due to an increasing demand for cellular phones [2]. The technologies like GSM and CDMA are adopted by the
Indian Telecom Industry [6]. Different service providers offer both fixed as well as mobile communication while operating in various
service areas of India.
VII. WIRELESS COMMUNICATION AND WIRELINE COMMUNICATION
The Wireless Communication is the fastest growing segment of the Indian Telecom Industry. Through the
development of wireless communication, it has become easier to transmit information between two or more
points that cannot be connected by an electrical conductor. The wireless technologies being employed presently
by the Indian Telecom Industry are Cellular (mobile) phones, Television, Radio etc. The private telecom
operators now dominate the wireless market However, this was not the case in the beginning. The changes in the
market structure were mainly due to the changes in the National Telecom Policy of 1999. The Government of
India is providing
. TRENDS IN INDIAN TELECOM SECTOR Telecommunication sector in India can be primarily
subdivided into two broad segments, they are- Fixed Service Providers (FSPs) and Cellular Service Provider
(CSPs). Indian Telecom Sector constitutes some essential telecom services like Telephone, Radio, Television,
Internet etc. Now-a–days, Indian Telecom Sector is specially giving importance on latest technologies like GSM
(Global System for Mobile Communication) and CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) along with Fixed
Line, PMRTS (Public Mobile Radio Trunking Services) and WLL

Telecom services providers --- Telecommunications

service provider
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Not to be confused with Telephony service provider.

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This article needs to be updated. (February 2015)

This article does not cite any sources. (October 2009)

A telecommunications service provider (TSP) is a type of communications service

provider that has traditionally provided telephone and similar services. This category
includes incumbent local exchange carriers, competitive local exchange carriers, and mobile
wireless communication companies.
While some people use the terms "telecom service provider" and "communications service
provider" interchangeably, the term TSP generally excludes Internet service
providers(ISPs), cable television companies, satellite TV, and managed service providers.
TSPs provide access to telephone and related communications services. In the past, most TSPs
were government owned and operated in most countries, due to the nature of capitalexpenditure
involved in it. But today there are many private players in most regions of the world, and even
most of the government owned companies have been privatized.

India is the fastest growing mobile phone market in the world. The booming
telecom industry has been attracting large amount of investments in the country.

The number of telephone subscriber base in the country reached 671.69 million as on
June 30, 2010 from 653.92 million in May 2010, as per the Telecom Regulatory
Authority of India (TRAI).

According to the latest survey conducted by Voice and Data, CyberMedia group
journal, Bharti Airtel emerges as India's top mobile phone operator in 2009-10.

Let's take a look at India's top 10 telecom service providers in India in terms of
revenue.
1. Bharti Airtel

Bharti Airtel retained its leading position among telecom service providers and
574\=posted a growth of five per cent to end 2009-10 fiscal with revenues of Rs
38,800 crore (Rs 388 billion).

The company is structured into four strategic business units -- mobile, telemedia,
enterprise and digital TV.

The company has with operations in 18 countries with a footprint covering 1.8 billion
people. Sunil Bharti Mittal is the chairman and managing director of the company.

In March 2010, Bharti Airtel bought the African operations of Kuwait-based Zain
Telecom for $10.7 billion.

Recently, it has joined a consortium of global telecom operators to announce the

launch of the EASSy cable system -- the 10,000 km undersea cable connecting Africa
to Europe.

2. BSNL

Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited saw a drop in its revenue for the second consecutive
year to post Rs 30,240 crore (Rs 302.4 billion), a drop of 14 per cent, even though it
retained the number two position among telecom players.

BSNL offers both fixed line and mobile services with broadband connections.

With over 71.68 million subscribers, BSNL currently is the largest wireline service
provider in India.

The company has reported around 6 crore (600 million) 2G connections and
9,73,378 3G connections since February 2010. All major towns and cities are covered
through BSNL network.

Gopal Das is the new chairman and managing director of BSNL.

3. Vodafone Essar

The Indian subsidiary of Vodafone Group, Vodafone Essar recorded 13.7 per cent
growth to emerge as the third largest player with revenue of Rs 23,200 crore (Rs 232
billion).

The company commenced operations in 1994 when its predecessor Hutchison

Telecom acquired the cellular license for Mumbai.

It has operations across the country with over 106.34 million customers.

It is the world's leading international mobile communications group with

approximately 347 million proportionate customers as on 30 June 2010 and has
around 40 partner networks worldwide.
Vittorio Colao is Vodafone chief executive, and Marten Pieters is managing director
and CEO, Vodafone Essar.

4. Reliance Communications

Reliance ADA Group's flagship company, Reliance Communications reported a

negative growth of 3.5 per cent with revenue of Rs 22,130 crore (Rs 221.3 billion).

It is India's largest private sector information and communications company, with

over 100 million subscribers.

It has established a pan-India, high-capacity, integrated (wireless and wireline),

convergent (voice, data and video) digital network, to offer services spanning the
entire infocomm value chain.

Anil D Ambani is the chairman of the company.

pdf analysis of indian telecom industry

 Use of technology

Intro to 2G – Voice Service , low data speed-- 2G

2G (or 2-G) is short for second-generation cellular technology. Second-generation 2G cellular
networks were commercially launched on the GSM standard in Finland by Radiolinja (now part
of Elisa Oyj) in 1991.[1] Three primary benefits of 2G networks over their predecessors were that
phone conversations were digitally encrypted; 2G systems were significantly more efficient on
the spectrum enabling far greater wireless penetration levels; and 2G introduced data services
for mobile, starting with SMS text messages. 2G technologies enabled the various networks to
provide the services such as text messages, picture messages, and MMS (multimedia
messages). All text messages sent over 2G are digitally encrypted, allowing the transfer of data
in such a way that only the intended receiver can receive and read it.
After 2G was launched, the previous mobile wireless network systems were retroactively
dubbed 1G. While radio signals on 1G networks are analog, radio signals on 2G networks
are digital. Both systems use digital signaling to connect the radio towers (which listen to the
devices) to the rest of the mobile system.
With General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), 2G offers a theoretical maximum transfer speed of
50 kbit/s (40 kbit/s in practice).[2][not in citation given] With EDGE (Enhanced Data Rates for GSM
Evolution), there is a theoretical maximum transfer speed of 1 Mbit/s (500 kbit/s in practice).[2][not in
citation given]

The most common 2G technology was the time division multiple access (TDMA)-based GSM,
originally from Europe but used in most of the world outside North America. Over 60 GSM
operators were also using CDMA2000 in the 450 MHz frequency band (CDMA450) by 2010.[3]

Evolution
2.5G (GPRS)
2.5G ("second and a half generation"[citation needed]) is used to describe 2G-systems that have
implemented a packet-switched domain in addition to the circuit-switched domain. It doesn't
necessarily provide faster service because bundling of timeslots is used for circuit-switched data
services (HSCSD) as well.
2.75G (EDGE)[edit]
See also: Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution
GPRS networks evolved to EDGE networks with the introduction of 8PSK encoding. While the
symbol rate remained the same at 270.833 samples per second, each symbol carried three bits
 instead of one. Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE), Enhanced GPRS (EGPRS), or
IMT Single Carrier (IMT-SC) is a backward-compatible digital mobile phone technology that
allows improved data transmission rates, as an extension on top of standard GSM. EDGE was
deployed on GSM networks beginning in 2003, initially by AT&T in the United States.
7.

3G evolution – Voice , high speed data— 3G

3G, short for third generation, is the third generation of wireless mobile telecommunications
technology. It is the upgrade for 2G and 2.5G GPRS networks, for faster internet speed. This is
based on a set of standards used for mobile devices and mobile telecommunications use
services and networks that comply with the International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 (IMT-
2000) specifications by the International Telecommunication Union. 3G finds application in
wireless voice telephony, mobile Internet access, fixed wireless Internet access, video calls and
mobile TV.
3G telecommunication networks support services that provide an information transfer rate of at
least 0.2 Mbit/s. Later 3G releases, often denoted 3.5G and 3.75G, also provide mobile
broadband access of several Mbit/s to smartphones and mobile modems in laptop computers.
This ensures it can be applied to wireless voice telephony, mobile Internet access, fixed wireless
Internet access, video calls and mobile TV technologies.
A new generation of cellular standards has appeared approximately every tenth year
since 1G systems were introduced in 1979 and the early to mid-1980s. Each generation is
characterized by new frequency bands, higher data rates and non–backward-compatible
transmission technology. The first 3G networks were introduced in 1998 and 4G networks in
2008.

Applications of 3G[edit]
The bandwidth and location information available to 3G devices gives rise to applications not
previously available to mobile phone users. Some of the applications are:

 Global Positioning System (GPS)

 Location-based services
 Mobile TV
 Telemedicine
 Video Conferencing
 Video on demand.

Evolution[edit]
Both 3GPP and 3GPP2 are working on the extensions to 3G standards that are based on an all-
IP network infrastructure and using advanced wireless technologies such as MIMO. These
specifications already display features characteristic for IMT-Advanced (4G), the successor of
3G. However, falling short of the bandwidth requirements for 4G (which is 1 Gbit/s for stationary
and 100 Mbit/s for mobile operation), these standards are classified as 3.9G or Pre-4G.
3GPP plans to meet the 4G goals with LTE Advanced, whereas Qualcomm has halted
development of UMB in favour of the LTE family.[19]
On 14 December 2009, Telia Sonera announced in an official press release that "We are very
proud to be the first operator in the world to offer our customers 4G services."[20] With the launch
of their LTE network, initially they are offering pre-4G (or beyond 3G) services in Stockholm,
Sweden and Oslo, Norway.
8.
9.

4G introduction – A change from voice to data service— 4G

 4G is the fourth generation of broadband cellular network technology, succeeding 3G. A 4G
system must provide capabilities defined by ITU in IMT Advanced. Potential and current
applications include amended mobile web access, IP telephony, gaming services, high-
definition mobile TV, video conferencing, and 3D television.
The first-release Long Term Evolution (LTE) standard was commercially deployed in Oslo,
Norway, and Stockholm, Sweden in 2009, and has since been deployed throughout most parts of
the world. It has, however, been debated whether first-release versions should be considered 4G
LTE.

Technical overview[edit]
In March 2008, the International Telecommunications Union-Radio communications sector (ITU-
R) specified a set of requirements for 4G standards, named the International Mobile
Telecommunications Advanced (IMT-Advanced) specification, setting peak speed requirements
for 4G service at 100 megabits per second (Mbit/s)(=12.5 megabytes per second) for high
mobility communication (such as from trains and cars) and 1 gigabit per second (Gbit/s) for low
mobility communication (such as pedestrians and stationary users).[1]
Since the first-release versions of Mobile WiMAX and LTE support much less than 1 Gbit/s peak
bit rate, they are not fully IMT-Advanced compliant, but are often branded 4G by service
providers. According to operators, a generation of the network refers to the deployment of a new
non-backward-compatible technology. On December 6, 2010, ITU-R recognized that these two
technologies, as well as other beyond-3G technologies that do not fulfill the IMT-Advanced
requirements, could nevertheless be considered "4G", provided they represent forerunners to
IMT-Advanced compliant versions and "a substantial level of improvement in performance and
capabilities with respect to the initial third generation systems now deployed".[2]
Mobile WiMAX Release 2 (also known as WirelessMAN-Advanced or IEEE 802.16m') and LTE
Advanced (LTE-A) are IMT-Advanced compliant backwards compatible versions of the above
two systems, standardized during the spring 2011,[citation needed] and promising speeds in the order of
1 Gbit/s. Services were expected in 2013.[needs update]
As opposed to earlier generations, a 4G system does not support traditional circuit-
switched telephony service, but instead relies on all-Internet Protocol (IP) based communication
such as IP telephony. As seen below, the spread spectrum radio technology used in 3G systems
is abandoned in all 4G candidate systems and replaced by OFDMA multi-carriertransmission and
other frequency-domain equalization (FDE) schemes, making it possible to transfer very high bit
rates despite extensive multi-path radio propagation (echoes). The peak bit rate is further
improved by smart antenna arrays for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communications.

10.
 Market penetration

From metro to urban

With the demand for telecommunication services, the Indian government has liberated the market for future
investments. This outcome created opportunities for foreign investments, which has commenced a global affect
and has led to greater expansion in the Indian telecom world.

According to the statistics produced by Foreign Affairs and International Trade Canada, India is seen as a land of
telecom opportunity, which could lead to vast Canadian investments. The increasing demand for w . wireless
phones, a drastic reduction in hardware prices, an encouraging revenue share regime, a cut in technology costs
besides infrastructure sharing and outsourcing; stimulated the telecom sector, yielding major expansion in the
Indian market.

India's telecommunication penetration stands at 58.17%, which has elevated significantly from 39.86% from the
pervious year.

In the 2011 India Telecom Conference it was reported that India's telecom market is increasing. Teledensity has
increased from 26% to 73.11% in just the last four years. The wide gap between urban and rural teledensity is
slowing closing, due to the progressive nature of the telecom market. Urban teledensity yields usage of 127.87%
of the overall telecom supply. This leaves the rural teledensity at a lower rate of 34.77%. The demand for new
technologies innovates foreign markets to step forward and invest in operations in India, especially the less
 populated areas of India (India Telecom Conference).

. From urban to semi urban and rural-- Low cost wireless solutions are now available for rural
areas at affordable prices. Business innovations such as pre-pay options have reduced the entry
price at the lower end of the market and enabled easy access for multiple services in Rural
Marketing of Telecom services in Indiaareas where fixed telephone infrastructure is poor. Rural India
will ultimately define the core strength of the industry, since the sheer volume of potential
connections is immense. Inclusion of rural users in the customer base will strengthen the network
and enable it to deliver multiple services in communication starved rural areas. Since the prices of
wireless telephony and communications both at the entry level as well as the recurring expenses
have come down drastically due to overall growth, there is a huge demand for such services in rural
areas also. However, dispersed and low density rural markets make it less profitable for private
operators to enter such areas and compete with cheaper fixed line telecom rates in rural areas

The challenges of rural India There are four main difficulties in serving rural communities, each one
of which has appeared insurmountable:

 Power challenges – Most of rural India is not served by the power grid.

The combination of poor fuel quality and poor generator maintenance severely limits the life of any
generator.

• Revenue challenges – Rural India can pay for mobile services, but only around $2 per month. The
cost base of any solution has to be geared to these ARPU levels.

• Skills challenges – There are no trained telecom engineers and few people can read or write. This
makes the installation and maintenance of GSM networks highly challenging.

Market potentialities IN PDF A STUDY OF RECENT TREND IN INDIA

Impact of market strategy on the telecom industry IN PDF A STUDY OF RECENT TREND IN
INDIA

 Factors affecting the growth of telecom industry

Telecommunications is a mature industry that has been globally available for some time. Growth
of subscribers, traffic, and most importantly revenues, is by no means automatic. Entry costs for
new users and tariffs must be continuously reduced to increase subscriber numbers and minutes
of use. Infrastructure solutions that deliver lower cost coverage and more efficient capacity are
critical to drive up service volumes and revenues. A prudent yet aggressive adoption of business
enhancing technology is also needed to ensure current and future competitiveness: especially as
future IP based communications creates the opportunity for much wider competition. Business
Growth, Cost Efficiency and Evolution are therefore regarded as key drivers which can be
addressed with wireless technology.

Technology in mew M in pdf 62217

Cost of service

Mobile number portability in pdf 14319

Development of social media access over mobile devices

Development of app platform enabling more of data use over mobile

Development of use of internet on mobile via wi-fi and3G/4G

Development of users devices like smart phones based on android and IOS operating system