Jurnal Ham Bag 4
Jurnal Ham Bag 4
Jurnal Ham Bag 4
.t
hereiss uff
i
cientevidencet or eas onablystatethatt heextr
a-l
egalexecuti
oncommitt
edby
Stateagents..
.wasc ommi t
tedf ol
lowingas y
stematicandgeneral-
i
zedpatter
nagainsttheci
vi
li
an
populat
ion,andthus ,i
ti
sac ri
meagai ns thumanity.
.
..t
heSt atescannotnegl ecttheirdutyt oinvesti
gat e,
identi
f
y,andpunishthosepersons
responsibl
eforc ri
mesagai nsthumani t
ybyenf orci
ngamnes t
ylawsoranyot hersi
mil
ar
domes t
icprovisions.Consequent ly
,c ri
mesagai nsthumanityarecri
meswhi chcannotbe
1
23
s
usc
ept
ibl
eofamnes
ty.
Mor er ec ent
ly,i nGomezLundetal .v.Br azil
,theIACtHRonc eagai nputas i
deamnes t
y
l
aws ,i
nt hiscas e, i
nt heBr azi
li
anc ontex t
, ast heCour tfoundt hataBr azil
ianamnes tylaw
i
mpededt heinves tigati
onandpuni s
hmentofs eri
oushumanr ight svi olationsand,asa
cons equenc e,t hes aidamnes tylaws houl dlac kl
egalef fec t
s.24 I
1 nGel manvs.Ur uguay,
the IACt HR putas i
de an amnes t
yl aw al beitithad been appr oved bya nat i
onal
referendum. 125
Att he domes ti
cl evel,int
eral ia,nationalc ourtsi n Latin-Amer i
ca have int
ernall
y
embr aced the IACt HR’sabove- examined f i
ndings.F orins t
anc e,t he Cons t
it
utional
Tri
bunal ofPeruandt heSupr emeCour tofAr gent i
na.28 T
1 hef or merpoi ntedoutt heab
i
niti
olac kofeffec tsoft hePer uvianamnes tylawsasdet erminedbyt heIACtHR.T he
Argent i
ni
anSupr emeCour tbasedon, especial
ly
, f
indingsint heI ACt HR’sBarri
osAltosv.
Peruj udgment,f oundt hel awsoff i
nalstopanddueobedi enc e( Argenti
nianamnes t
y
l
aws )unc onsti
tutional.I
tc oncl
udedt hattheAr gent i
nianamnes tylawspr esentedt he
samef l
aws i
,.e., obstructi
onofj us t
ice,t
hatpr ompt edt heI ACt HRt odec l
arenul land
voidt hePeruvi ans elf-
amnes tyl
aws .
VI
I
.CONCLUSI
ONS
Accor
dingl
y,ther
ei sanintenser el
ations
hipbet weens eri
ousviol
ati
onsofhuman
ri
ghts,parti
cul
arl
yt hose aff
ec t
ing hardc ore human r ights,and cr
imesagainst
humanity.Di
versenat ur
es ourcesofi nter
nationallaw havei ncr
easi
nglyandmore
oft
enhighli
ghtedthisrel
ati
ons hi
p.Agener al r
uleoni ndi
vidualc
ri
minalr
esponsi
bi
li
ty
for seri
ous human r i
ghts violati
ons has emer ged s i
nce indi
vi
dualc r
imi
nal
responsi
bil
i
tyhasbeens uff
ici
entlyimpl
ement ed.1
29
Partic
ularly,t
hisimpl ement at
ionhasbeenunder t
akenbyt hees tabli
sh-mentofawi de
arrayofi nternationalandhy bridcri
minalcourtswithc om-petenceoverc r
imesagai nst
humani t
yi nthel as ttwent yyears,al
lofwhichhasl edt oanever -i
ncreasingcase-lawon
thes ubject.Thisint urnhasl argelytr
iggeredthenat i
onali
ncorporationofinternati
onal
provisi
onsonc r
imesagai nsthumani t
yc l
oselyl
inkedt ocri
minalrespons i
bil
i
tyfors er
ious
humanr i
ght sviolat i
onswor l
d-wide.I
nt ur
n, byus i
nginternati
onal cri
minall
aws ources
i
ni nterpretinghumanr ightspr ovi
sionsc oncerningc asesofs eri
oushumanr i
ghts
violat
ions ,case-lawofr egionalhumanr i
ghtsc ourtssuchast heI ACtHRhasal soand
i
mpor t
ant l
yc ontributedt ot hi
st r
end.