Behaviour of High Strength Concrete Using Cement Kiln Dust and Silica Fume
Behaviour of High Strength Concrete Using Cement Kiln Dust and Silica Fume
Behaviour of High Strength Concrete Using Cement Kiln Dust and Silica Fume
e-ISSN: 2278-1684,p-ISSN: 2320-334X, Volume 14, Issue 2 Ver. VII (Mar. - Apr. 2017), PP 23-26
www.iosrjournals.org
Abstract: The present investigation to assess the properties of concrete containing cement kiln dust (CKD).
Concrete specimens were prepared with 0% CKD, 10% and 20% CKD as a replacement of cement weight, 10%
and 20% CKD. Ordinary Portland cement (O.P.C., 53 grade) was used throughout this investigation. The
properties of concrete specimens were evaluated by measuring workability (using slump test), compressive
strength, split tensile strength and Flexural Strength.. The compressive strength increased in the concrete
mixtures including 10% CKD (as an addition of cement weight) and 5%, 10% Silica fume as an addition of
cement weight with super plasticizers . A decrease in the compressive strength was noted in the concrete
mixtures including 20%, CKD (as a replacement of cement weight). A similar trend was noted in the split tensile
strength and the increase in split tensile strength was less pronounced than that in compressive strength. A
similar trend was noted in the flexural strength percent increased when CKD was used in concrete mixtures.
The using of silica fume enhanced workability, compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength
of the concrete for the types of cement. The ordinary Portland cement concrete mixtures including CKD had
almost the same behaviors.
Keywords: Cement kiln dust (CKD), Portland cement, Mechanical properties of concrete, Silica fume of
concrete, Workability, Super plasticizers
I. Introduction
In India, the manufacturing of Portland cement was commenced around the year 1912. The beginning
was not very promising and growth of cement industry was very slow. At the time of independence in 1947, the
installed capacity of cement plants in India was approximately 4.5 million tons and actual production around 3.2
million tons per year. The large construction activity undertaken during the various 5 years plans necessitated
the growth of cement industry. However, until the year 1982, the growth remained stinted due to the complete
control exercised by the Government over the cement industry. The partial deep control in 1982 prompted
various industrial houses to setup new cement plants in the country. In the last millennium concrete has
demanding requirements both in terms of technical performance and economy while greatly varying from
architectural masterpieces to the simplest of utilities. It is difficult to point out another material of construction
which is as versatile as concrete. Concrete is one of the versatile heterogeneous materials, civil engineering has
ever known. With the advent of concrete, civil engineering has touched highest peak of technology. Concrete is
a material with which any shape can be cast and with any strength. It is the material of choice where strength,
performance, durability, impermeability, fire resistance and abrasion resistance are required. The growth in
infrastructure sector led to scarcity of cement because of which the cost of cement increased incrementally. In
India, the cost of cement increasing day to day. In order to combat the scarcity of cement and the increase in
cost of concrete under these circumstances the use of recycled Cement Kiln Dust, solid wastes, agricultural
wastes, and industrial by-products like fly ash, blast furnace slag, silica fume, rise husk, phosphogypsum, etc.
came into use. The use of abovementioned waste products with concrete in partial amounts replacing cement
paved a role for
1. modifying the properties of the concrete,
2. controlling the concrete production cost
3. to overcome the scarcity of cement, and finally
4. the advantageous disposal of industrial wastes
and 15%, replacing cement ASTM C 150 Type I and Type V. The results showed that the compressive strength
of concrete specimens decreased with the quantity of CKD. However, there was no significant difference inthe
compressive strength of 0 and 5% CKD cement concretes. A similar trend was noted in the drying shrinkage
strain. The chloride permeability increased and the electrical resistivity decreased due to the incorporation of
CKD. The performance of concrete with 5%, CKD was almost similar to that of concrete without CKD.
Therefore, they suggested to limit the amount of CKD in concrete to 5%, since the chloride permeability and
electrical resistivity data indicatedthat the chances of reinforcement corrosion would increase with 10% and
15% CKD. Al-Mabrook (2010) studied the ability of using CKD in mortar and hollow cement bricks. The
percentages of CKD were 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% replacing cement.
gone up to 7.28 MPa. With 10 % CKD and 5 % SF the strength is going up to 7.41 MPa and with 10 % CKD
and 10% SF the strength is further going upto 7.62MPa. Similarly With 20 % CKD and 5% SF the strength is
reduced to7.1 MPa, with 20 % CKD and 10% SF the strength is 6.85 MPa
Fig.No:2. 28 days curing of Tensile Strength for M40 using different %SF
Fig. No: 3. 28 days curing of Tensile Strength for M40 using different %CKD&SF
V. Conclusion
Based on the present experimental investigation, the following conclusions are drawn
1. Cement replacement with 10% CKD leads to increase in Compressive Strength, Split Tensile Strength and
Flexural Strength.
2. For M40 Grade with CKD 10% the percentage increase in Compressive Strength, Split Tensile Strength and
Flexural Strength are 13.21%, 9.5% and 13.75% respectively
3. There is an increase in Youngs Modulus of Concrete for M40 & M50 with CKD 10% is 20.16% and
26.38% respectively higher than Conventional Concrete
4. 20 % CKD appears to be the optimum in the Standard concrete mix like M40 without any admixtures. The
highest compressive strength with 20 % CKD and 10% SF appears to be the optimum in the present
blended concrete mixes.
5. For M40 Grade with CKD 10% and Silica Fume 10% the percentage increase in Compressive Strength,
Split Tensile Strength and Flexural Strength are 19.6 %, 14 % and 19.06 % respectively
References
[1]. Al-Mabrook, F.A. 2010. Utilization of dust profile path of cement factory in producing low-cost building materials. Civil
Department, College of Engineering, Qar Younis, Libya. The 11th Arabic Conference of Mineral Wealth. Trablus
[2]. ASTM C 143-89. 1989. Standard test method for slump of hydraulic cement concrete. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, 04.02: 85-
86.
[3]. ASTM C 496-86. 1989. Standard test method for splitting tensile strength of cylindrical concrete specimens. Annual Book of
ASTM Standards, 04.02: 259-26
[4]. ASTM C 494-82. 1982. Standard specification for chemical admixtures for concrete. Annual Book of ASTM standards,
Philadelphia.
[5]. B.S.1881. Part 116. 1989. Method for determination of compressive strength of concrete cubes. British Standards Institution, 3 pp.
[6]. Daous, M. A. 2004. Utilization of cement kiln dust and fly ash in cement blends in Saudi Arabia. Chemical and Materials
Engineering Department, KAAU. Eng. Sci., 15 (1): 33-45 (1425 A.H.).
[7]. Iraqi Organization of Standards IQS No. 5. 1984. Iraqistandard specification for Portland cements, ICOSQC .Baghdad, Iraq.
[8]. Iraqi Organization of Standards IQS No.45. 1984. IraqiNstandard specification for aggregate, ICOSQC, Baghdad, Iraq.
[9]. Maslehuddin, M., Al-Amoudi, O.S.B., Rahman, M.K. and Barry, M.R. 2009. Properties of cement kiln dust concrete. Center for
Engineering Research, Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia,
Construction
[10]. and Building Materials, 23: 2357-2361.
[11]. Rahman, M. K., Rehman, S. and Al-Amoudi, O.S.B. 2011. Literature review on cement kiln dust usage in soil and waste
stabilization and experimental investigation.Center for Engineering Research, Research Institute, King Fahd University of
Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia. www.arpapress.com/ Volumes/Vol7Issue1/IJRRAS_7_1_12.pdf.
[12]. Shoaib, M. M., Balaha, M. M. and Abdel-Rahman, A. G. 2000. Influence of cement kiln dust on mechanical properties of concrete.
Cement and Concrete Research, 30 (2): 371-377. (Cited by Wang et al., 2002).
[13]. Wang, K., Maria S. Konsta-Gdoutos and Surendra P. Shah. 2002. Hydration, rheology, and strength of ordinary Portland cement
(OPC)-cement kiln dust (CKD)-slag binders. ACI Materials Journal/March-April, 99 (2):173-179.
[14]. Abdullahi M. 2005. Compressive Strength of sandcrete Blocks in Bosso and Siroro areas of Minna, Nigeria. Assumption University
Journal of Technology. 9(2):126-132.
[15]. Abo-El-Enein S.A, Hekal E.E., Gabi N.A and El-Barbay M.I. 1994. Blended cements containing cement kiln dust.Silicate
Industrial. 59(9-10).
[16]. Barry R. 1969. The Construction of Building. Crosby Lockwood, London, England. Vol. 1. pp. 54-55 and 94.