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    Photoelectric Effect: Figure 1: Constituents of The Atom A. Photoelectric Effect

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    Mahnoor Siddiqi
    The photoelectric effect is the release of electrons from the surface of a metal when it absorbs electromagnetic radiation. Electrons emitted are called photoelectrons. The minimum energy needed for an electron to escape is called the work function, and photoelectric emission only occurs when radiation frequency is above the threshold frequency. Einstein's theory explained that light consists of discrete energy packets called photons, with energy proportional to frequency.

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    Photoelectric Effect: Figure 1: Constituents of The Atom A. Photoelectric Effect

    Uploaded by

    Mahnoor Siddiqi
    51 views5 pages
    The photoelectric effect is the release of electrons from the surface of a metal when it absorbs electromagnetic radiation. Electrons emitted are called photoelectrons. The minimum energy needed for an electron to escape is called the work function, and photoelectric emission only occurs when radiation frequency is above the threshold frequency. Einstein's theory explained that light consists of discrete energy packets called photons, with energy proportional to frequency.

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    The photoelectric effect is the release of electrons from the surface of a metal when it absorbs electromagnetic radiation. Electrons emitted are called photoelectrons. The minimum energy needed for an electron to escape is called the work function, and photoelectric emission only occurs when radiation frequency is above the threshold frequency. Einstein's theory explained that light consists of discrete energy packets called photons, with energy proportional to frequency.

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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    51 views5 pages

    Photoelectric Effect: Figure 1: Constituents of The Atom A. Photoelectric Effect

    Uploaded by

    Mahnoor Siddiqi
    The photoelectric effect is the release of electrons from the surface of a metal when it absorbs electromagnetic radiation. Electrons emitted are called photoelectrons. The minimum energy needed for an electron to escape is called the work function, and photoelectric emission only occurs when radiation frequency is above the threshold frequency. Einstein's theory explained that light consists of discrete energy packets called photons, with energy proportional to frequency.

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    of 5

    Photoelectric Effect

    Introduction
    Protons, neutrons and electrons that move around the nucleus constitute an
    atom, as illustrated in Figure 1. Some of the electrons in a metal are free to
    move around. These electrons are called free electrons. To remove these free
    electrons from a metal, energy is required because they are held in the metal
    by the electrostatic attraction of the positively charged nuclei. The electron
    must be given energy in order to escape from the surface of a metal. If this
    energy is in the form of light energy, then this phenomenon is called
    photoelectric emission.

    Figure 1: Constituents of the Atom

    A. Photoelectric Effect

    Photoelectric emission is defined as the release of electrons from the surface


    of a metal when electromagnetic radiation is incident on its surface. The

    MUHAMMAD RIZWAN SIDDIQI (ONLINE TUTOR) CONTACT: +923323388218


    electrons that are released in the photoelectric emission are called
    photoelectrons. An experiment shown in Figure 2 is used to investigate the
    energy level of the photoelectrons.

    Figure 2: Investigation of Photoelectrons

    MUHAMMAD RIZWAN SIDDIQI (ONLINE TUTOR) CONTACT: +923323388218


    The experiment can be performed using ultraviolet radiation of different
    frequencies. When the maximum kinetic energy of the photoelectrons is
    plotted against the frequency of the radiation, the following graph is obtained:

    Figure 3: Kinetic Energy of Photoelectron vs. Frequency of Radiation

    B. Work Function Energy

    The minimum amount of energy necessary for an electron to escape from the
    source is called work function energy Ф.

    C. Threshold Frequency

    Photoelectric emission takes place only if the frequency of the incident


    radiation is above a certain minimum value called the threshold frequency (fo).

    D. Einstein’s Theory of Photoelectric Emission

    MUHAMMAD RIZWAN SIDDIQI (ONLINE TUTOR) CONTACT: +923323388218


    The German physicist Max Plank suggested that the energy carried by
    electromagnetic radiation might exist as discrete packets called quanta. The
    energy (E) carried in each quantum is given by the following equation:

    According to Albert Einstein’s theory of quantised energy, light energy


    consists of a stream of energy packets called photons. A photon is defined as
    a quantum of energy when the energy is in the form of electromagnetic
    radiation. Einstein derived the photoelectric equation by using the principle of
    conservation of energy.

    E. Summary

     The electron must be given energy in order to escape from the surface of
    a metal. If this energy is in the form of light energy, then the phenomenon
    is called photoelectric emission.
     Photoelectric emission is defined as the release of electrons from the
    surface of a metal when electromagnetic radiation is incident on its
    surface.
     The electrons that are released in the photoelectric emission are
    called photoelectrons.
     The minimum amount of energy necessary for an electron to escape
    from the source is called the work function energy Ф.
     Photoelectric emission takes place only if the frequency of the incident
    radiation is above a certain minimum value called the threshold
    frequency (fo).
     Energy carried in each quantum,
     A photon is defined as a quantum of energy when the energy is in the
    form of electromagnetic radiation.

    MUHAMMAD RIZWAN SIDDIQI (ONLINE TUTOR) CONTACT: +923323388218


    MUHAMMAD RIZWAN SIDDIQI (ONLINE TUTOR) CONTACT: +923323388218

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