LIC.

JORGE RESURRECCIÓN NORABUENA

COURSE: BRITISH ENGLISH

LEVEL: ELEMENTAL / CYCLE: VI 1
TOPIC: PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
 LIC. JORGE RESURRECCIÓN NORABUENA

TRADITIONAL LIFETIME

PATTERNS

AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE
INTERROGATIVE YES/NO QUESTIONS
FULL FORM FULL FORM
I have done… I have not done… Have I done…? Yes, you have./No, you haven´t
You have done… You have not done… Have you done…? Yes, I have./No, I haven´t
He has done… He has not done… Has he done…? Yes, he has./No, he hasn´t
She has done… She has not done… Has she done…? Yes, she has./No, she hasn´t
It has done… It has not done… Has it done…? Yes, it has./No, it hasn´t
We have done… We have not done… Have we done…? Yes, we have./No, we haven´t
You have done… You have not done… Have you done…? Yes, we have./No, we haven´t
They have done… They have not done… Have they done…? Yes, they have./No, they haven´t
AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE QUESTION WORDS
SHORT FORM SHORT FORM YES/NO QUESTIONS
I´ve done… I haven´t done…
You´ve done… You haven´t done… What have
He´s done… He hasn´t done… I/you/we/they done?
She´s done… She hasn´t done… What/how/where/who//why/how long
It ´s done… It hasn´t done…
We´ve done… We haven´t done… What has he/she/it
You´ve done… You haven´t done… done?
They´ve done… They haven´t done…

COURSE: BRITISH ENGLISH

LEVEL: ELEMENTAL / CYCLE: VI 2
TOPIC: PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
 LIC. JORGE RESURRECCIÓN NORABUENA

USES OF THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

TO TALK ABOUT AN ACTION THAT HAPPENED IN THE PAST, BUT WE DON´T SAY WHEN EXACTLY

I. LIFE EXPERIENCE

1. I´ve been to New York.

2. She´s never spoken English with a native English speaker.
3. Have you ever fallen asleep in class?
4. I think I´ve seen that film before.
5. Has your girlfriend ever sung to you?
6. I´ve never heard of a good Russian teacher in this city.

II. REPEATED OR MULTIPLE ACTIONS AT DIFFERENT TIMES

1. Mr Tanaka has written scientific articles several times.

2. I´ve only watched this documentary once.
3. We have travelled to Cusco five times.
4. They´ve got drunk many times.
5. Peter has fallen out with her girlfriend more than twice.

III. A CHANGE OVER A PERIOD OF TIME

1. John and her sister have grown a little more.

2. Your level in the English language has improved a lot.
3. She has become a better person.
4. Mr and Mrs Romano have changed their lifestyle.
5. We have become more interested in medical issues.
6. Science has evolved a lot.

IV. UNFINISHED TIME WORDS

1. I ´ve visited a museum today.

2. Anne hasn´t talked to her boyfriend this week.
3. They haven´t lost my keys this month.
4. I have won the lottery twice this year.
5. Mario and Hugh have worked hard today.
6. We´ve studied hard this semester.
7. My mum´s washed a lot of dirty clothes in the last ten days.

COURSE: BRITISH ENGLISH

LEVEL: ELEMENTAL / CYCLE: VI 3
TOPIC: PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
 LIC. JORGE RESURRECCIÓN NORABUENA

V. ACHIEVEMENTS

1. Scientists have discovered the cure for diabetes.

2. Rose has got a scholarship to study in Denmark.
3. Man has walked on the moon.
4. Andrew has become the new heavyweight boxing champion.
5. We ´ve opened another sales office in Russia.
6. They´ve graduated in law in the first places.

VI. A FINISHED ACTION WITH A RESULT IN THE PRESENT

1. Lucy has broken her left leg. (She can´t walk now.)
2. I´ve lost my glasses. (I don´t have them now.)
3. John has cut his finger. (His finger is bleeding.)
4. We´ve run out of petrol.
5. He´s hurt his kneecap.
6. Alfred has burnt his leg.
7. I´ve already done my homework.
8. A ship has just sunk with 200 people on board.
9. Have you checked my essay yet?

TO TALK ABOUT AN ACTION THAT STARTED IN THE PAST AND CONTINUOUS UP TO NOW

I. UNFINISHED ACTIONS, STATES OR HABITS.

1. I´ve known her for seven years.

2. She´s had a cold for a week.
3. Christopher´s liked chocolate since he was a child.
4. Laura has been here since 2pm.
5. I´ve been here for over half an hour.
6. Alice and her family have lived in Huacho since 1892.
7. Dorothy has owned a house on Campo Alegre Street for 6 years.
8. My sister´s changed a lot since she got married.
9. How long have you owed me a favour?

COURSE: BRITISH ENGLISH

LEVEL: ELEMENTAL / CYCLE: VI 4
TOPIC: PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
 LIC. JORGE RESURRECCIÓN NORABUENA

SOME ADVERBS WITH THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

EVER (AT ANY TIME BEFORE NOW-ALGUNA VEZ): We use ever in question and negative form.

 Have you ever eaten a spider?

Yes, I have. SHORT
 Has she ever copied from a classmate? ANSWERS
No, she hasn´t.
 Have they ever arrived late at a meeting?
Yes, they have.
 Has Robert ever done the housework?
No, he hasn´t.
 Have Mark and his wife ever made a scandal?
Yes, they have.
 Have we ever climbed a tree?
No, we haven´t. NOBODY OR
NOTHING +
o I haven´t ever lied to anyone. NOT + EVER EVER
o She hasn´t ever cooked on Sundays. = HAS A
o We haven´t ever flown a plane. NEVER NEGATIVE
o He hasn´t ever worked hard. SENSE
o They haven´t ever been on strike.
o Nobody has ever helped me with my homework.
o Nothing has ever happened in this haunted house.
NEVER (AT NO TIME IN YOUR LIFE-NUNCA): We use never in affirmative and question form.

 I have never lied to anyone.

 She has never cooked on Sundays.
 We have never flown a plane.
 He´s never worked hard.
 They´ve never been on strike.
 My dog has never barked at midnight.
 I´ve never done a crossword. WE USE NEVER
IN QUESTION
 My wife has never woken up with a hangover.
WHEN WE FIND
SOMETHING
 Have you never fallen in love?
HARD TO
 Has she never been to the beach?
BELIEVE.
 Have you never talked on the phone?
 Has he never had any ice cream?
 Have your parents never reprimand you?
 Have you never hang out with your friends at weekends?

COURSE: BRITISH ENGLISH

LEVEL: ELEMENTAL / CYCLE: VI 5
TOPIC: PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
 LIC. JORGE RESURRECCIÓN NORABUENA

ALWAYS (ALL THE TIME- SIEMPRE): We use always in affirmative, negative and question form.

 He has always been busy.

 They haven´t always agreed with me.
 Has he always supported his family?
 We´ve always drunk much water.
 He hasn´t always lived here.
 Have you always wanted to be an environmental engineer?
 Mr and Mrs Panadero have always dealt with awkward customers.

BEFORE (SOMETHING WHICH HAS HAPPENED BEFORE OR NOT-ANTES): We use before in affirmative, negative and
question form.

 I´ve seen that film before.

 They have never fallen asleep in class before.
 She´s sung this song before.
 We haven´t travelled to Cusco before.
 John hasn´t driven a sports car before.
 Have you got married to a chemical engineer before?
 Has she sold second-hand clothes before?
 Have they won a lottery before?
 Has Charles swum in the sea before?
 He´s never escaped from a prison before.

JUST(ONLY A MOMENT AGO-ACABAR DE): We use just in affirmative form.

 I´ve just ridden an elephant.

 He´s just written another book.
 Caroline has just finished her homework.
 Archaeologist Ramírez has just made another discovery.
 My sister´s husband has just bought a sports car.
 Several bombs have just exploded.
 We have just fought over a girl.
 Mark´s just had a noisy argument with his fiancée.
 Robert´s girlfriend has just jumped off the cliff.

COURSE: BRITISH ENGLISH

LEVEL: ELEMENTAL / CYCLE: VI 6
TOPIC: PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
 LIC. JORGE RESURRECCIÓN NORABUENA

ALREADY(SOONER THAN EXPECTED-YA): We use already in affirmative and question form.

 I´ve already paid the water bill.

 Mr Flores and his wife have already left for work. WE PUT ALREADY
 Anne´s boyfriend has already sold his old black motrobike. AT THE END OF A
 My mother-in-law has already done the washing-up. SENTENCE WHEN WE USE
 He´s eaten his soup already. WE WANT TO GIVE ALREADY
 This gang has stolen me twice already. MORE EMPHASIS. IN QUESTION
WHEN WE WANT
o Have you already divorced your wife? She was your soulmate! TO SHOW
o Has your sister already got pregnant? She´s only 14 years old! SURPRISE.
o Have you already lost your job? You are a very hard-working person.

YET(TO SAY SOMETHING EXPECTED HASN´T HAPPENED-TODAVÍA): We use yet in negative form.

 I haven´t published any books yet.

 Robert hasn´t charged his mobile phone yet. THE MOST COMMON
 Susan´s boyfriend hasn´t arrived yet. USE IS AT THE END OF
 Arthur and John haven´t met my girlfriend yet. THE SENTENCE.
 I haven´t fed my dog yet.
THE LEAST COMMON
 We have not yet grown that type of crop.
USE IS BETWEEN NOT
 My girlfriend has not yet swum in the sea.
AND THE PAST
PARTICIPLE.
YET(TO ASK IF SOMETHING EXPECTED HAPPENED-YA): We use yet in question form, but with a different meaning.

o Have you sent a letter to your mum yet?

o Has your husband painted your house yet?
o Have they broken up yet?
o Has your sister´s fiancé led an expedition yet?
LATELY (NOT A LONG AGO-ÚLTIMAMENTE): We use lately in affirmative, negative and question form.

 Sales have decreased a lot lately.

 My uncle hasn´t done the housework lately.
 Peter´s wife hasn´t agreed with him lately.
 Have you put on weight lately?
 How many names have they remembered lately?
RECENTLY (NOT A LONG AGO-RECIENTEMENTE): We use recently in affirmative, negative and question form.

 My mother-in-law has progressed vey much recently/lately. RECENTLY AND LATELY

 Mr Ruba has been very interested in politics recently/lately. CAN ONLY BE
 Peter´s wife hasn´t recently agreed with him. EXCHANGED
 Lucy hasn´t recently had much money. WHEN THEY ARE PUT AT
THE END OF A SENTENCE.
 Why have you doubted my word recently?

COURSE: BRITISH ENGLISH

LEVEL: ELEMENTAL / CYCLE: VI 7
TOPIC: PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
 LIC. JORGE RESURRECCIÓN NORABUENA

FOR (DURATION OF TIME-DESDE HACE): We use for to answer a question with how long..?

 I´ve studied French for five years.

 She has believed in God for twenty years.
 Ralph has worked in this company for one year.
 I haven´t visited my relatives for a long time.
SINCE (WITH A POINT IN TIME IN THE PAST-DESDE): We use since to answer a question with how long…?

 I haven´t seen them since I moved to another city.

 She has needed much support since her father´s death.
 They´ve hated this dish since they were children.
 My brother hasn´t liked eating meat since he fell in love with a vegetarian.
 I haven´t stopped thinking about you since we met.
HOW LONG…? (DURATION OF AN ACTION-¿DESDE CUÁNDO…?): We use how long..? In question form.

 How long have you had a pet at home?

 How long has she known you?
 How long have you understood my language?
 How long has it smelt like this?
SINCE WHEN…? (TO ASK SOMETHING IRONICALLY-¿DESDE CUÁNDO…?): We use since when..? In question form.

 Since when have you had a pet at home? You hate animals!
 Since when has she been interested in politics? She likes acting in films.
 Since when have you understood Russian? You are hopeless at languages.
 Since when has your uncle helped the poor? He´s very stingy.
QUESTION WORDS

 Where have you been?

 Where has your sister slept until now?
 What has your mum cooked today?
 What beaches have you visisted this summer?
 Who has broken the window?
 Who has taken my wig?
 Who have you talked to today?
 Why has she travelled alone?
 Why haven´t you done your homework?
 How have you been?
 How has your daughter put on weight so fast?
 How long have you known Mrs Calavera?
 How long have you owned this restaurant?
 How much wine has your husband sold this year?
 How many books have you written up to now?

COURSE: BRITISH ENGLISH

LEVEL: ELEMENTAL / CYCLE: VI 8
TOPIC: PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
 LIC. JORGE RESURRECCIÓN NORABUENA

BEEN TO VS GONE TO

COURSE: BRITISH ENGLISH

LEVEL: ELEMENTAL / CYCLE: VI 9
TOPIC: PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
 LIC. JORGE RESURRECCIÓN NORABUENA

Exercise I
Complete the blanks with the verbs in brackets.

1. Karen ____________________me an e-mail. (to send)

2. Dave and Pat ____________________the museum. (to visit)
3. I ____________________at the pet shop. (to be)
4. They ____________________already ____________________their rucksacks. (to pack)
5. Marcus ____________________an accident. (to have)
6. We ____________________the shopping for our grandmother. (to do)
7. I ____________________just ____________________my bike. (to clean)
8. Emily ____________________her room. (to paint)
9. Lisa and Colin ____________________to a concert. (to go)
10. My friends ____________________smoking. (to give up)

Exercise II
Complete the blanks with the verbs in brackets.

1. Our class _____________________the test yet. (not/to write)

2. Tim and Joe _____________________a box. (not/to carry)
3. It ________________________to snow. (not/to start)
4. The cat _____________________onto the table. (not/to jump)
5. I _____________________the castle. (not/to visit)
6. We _____________________out of the room. (not/to go)
7. Fred _____________________the money. (not/to steal)
8. They _____________________Anne about it. (not/to tell)
9. Steven _____________________through the park. (not/to walk)
10. The teacher _____________________to the party. (not/to come)

COURSE: BRITISH ENGLISH

LEVEL: ELEMENTAL / CYCLE: VI 10
TOPIC: PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
 LIC. JORGE RESURRECCIÓN NORABUENA

Exercise III
Complete the blanks with the verbs in brackets.

1. She ___________________her teeth yet.( n ot , t o b r u s h )

2. ______you already ___________your work ? (t o f i n i s h )
3. She ______________dinner yet.( n o t , t o m ak e )
4. ______you ___________that house before ? ( t o s e e )
5. You _______________golf before.( n o t , t o p l ay)
6. They _______________in this house before.( t o l i v e )
7. ________your mother ___________the lottery ? ( to w i n )
8. _________you ___________the bathroom ? (t o cl e a n )
9. The cat ______________the mouse. (t o c h as e )
10. _______your sister _______________the plants? ( t o w at e r )

Exercise IV
Write the uses of the present perfect next to the sentences.
1. My friends have given up smoking. ________________________
2. I have been hungry for hours. ________________________
3. That yacht has sunk in the same place several times. ________________________
4. Adam has won the tennis tournament. ________________________
5. Mr Rivera and his brother have caught me with another woman today. ________________________
6. The criminal has already escaped from prison. ________________________
7. I have never told a joke. ________________________
8. Julio has just tidied his room. ________________________
9. Mary´s hair has really grown. ________________________
10. Have you ever been in love with someone? ________________________

Exercise V
Fill in the blanks with for or since to complete the sentences.
1. She has sold flats ___________ 10 years.
2. We´ve known each other ____________ we were at school.
3. He has been interested in fashion _____________ he was a very young.
4. They have belonged to this place ______________ a century.
5. Sales have decreased a lot ______________Mr Sarate left the company.
6. Mrs Liberato has been sad _______________ over a month.
7. Several ships have sunk in the Pacific Ocean _______________1895.
8. My wife´s imagined that she is an actress ______________ about a week.
9. I haven´t been able to remember anything ______________ I lost my memory.
10. Alice´s made bridal dresses _____________ a long time.

COURSE: BRITISH ENGLISH

LEVEL: ELEMENTAL / CYCLE: VI 11
TOPIC: PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
 LIC. JORGE RESURRECCIÓN NORABUENA

Exercise VI
Complete the sentences with been to or gone to.
1. Bob´s not here. He´s ______________to work.
2. It´s good to see you again! Where have you _________?
3. The office is empty. Everybody has ______________home.
4. My brother´s ____________to America four times.
5. Sorry, you can´t speak to Anne. She´s ____________to a party with her colleagues.
6. Alice´s hair looks nice. She´s just _______________to the hairdresser´s.
7. Peter´s ___________to Canada and he´s staying there for a whole week.
8. Where are my parents? They´ve ____________to the police station.
9. I´ve _____________to Paris and it´s an amazing city!
10. Vicky´s ____________to a rock concert without her dad´s permission.It´s very late and he´s very worried about her.

Exercise VII
Complete the sentences with since when or how long.
1. ____________ have you denied your parents? For over seven years.
2. ____________ has she been a good wife? She doesn´t help her husband or take care of their children.
3. ____________ have they needed any money? They come from a well-off family.
4. ____________ has he recognised his mistakes? He´s very proud.
5. ____________ have we seen ghosts in our house? It´s a haunted house.

COURSE: BRITISH ENGLISH

LEVEL: ELEMENTAL / CYCLE: VI 12
TOPIC: PRESENT PERFECT TENSE