Utilization of Broken Glass Into Ceramics: Quartz

Utilization of Broken Glass into Ceramics
I. Introduction
A. Background of the Study
Glass is an amorphous(non-crystalline) solid material. Glasses are typically brittle
and optically transparent. The most familiar type of glass used for centuries in
windows and drinking vessel, is soda-lime glass, composed of about 75%
silica(SiO2) plus sodium oxide(Na2O), calcium oxide(CaO), and several minor
additives. (Wikipedia.org)
Glass and ceramics share many properties with both crystalline and non-
crystalline materials. The microstructure of ceramics frequently contains amorphous
and crystalline phases. Glass and ceramics are both madeof sand (different types).
The silica content of glass can be used as main ingredient in ceramics in terms of its
characteristics and sand structure.
Sand is a naturally occurring granular material composed of finely divided rock and
mineral particles. The composition of sand is highly variable, depending on the local
rock
sources and conditions, but the most common constituent of sand in inland
continental
settings and non-tropical coastal settings is silica( SiO2), usually in the form of quartz.
Glass is used for many reasons, most of them for building. Glass does not harm
the environment in any way alone because it does not give off any pollutants, and can
be recycled. But if people leave glass out, it can harm animals as well as humans, if
not dealt with carefully.
To recycle broken glasses to ceramics can reduce waste in the environment and
prevent harm to animals and humans as well. Thus, this study is a good help to nature and
the ceramic industry to earn profit and create a product to develop their business.
B. Statement of the Problem
Main Problem:
 The use of Silica (SiO2) as a main ingredient for ceramics making.
Sub-Problems:
 The acceptability of ceramics made from broken glasses? Acceptability
in terms of cost, usability, utility.
 Is the brittleness and refractory property of the experimental ceramics
and commercial ceramics same?

C. Objectives of the Study
The purpose of this study is to develop ceramics from broken glasses with the
same quality of the commercial ceramics and evaluate the characteristics of the
developed ceramics to the commercial ceramic in terms brittleness and refractory.

D. Hypothesis of the Study
1. Quartz-sand or silica can be used as a main ingredient in making
ceramics.
2. The brittleness and refractory of the developed product will be the
same with the commercial ceramics.
E. Significance of the Study
This study will make the people realize that broken glasses still has a purpose
and could be recycled into ceramics. It could also give benefit to the ceramics
industry to develop ceramics from broken glasses and earn good profit. And the
damage caused by broken glasses to passers-by and wheeled vehicles would be
less.
F. Definition of terms
Brittleness - A material is brittle if, when subjected to stress, it breaks without
significant deformation (strain). Brittle materials absorb relatively
little energy prior to
fracture, even those of highstrength. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brittle)
Silica - Silica is most commonly found in nature as sand or quartz. Silica is
used primarily in the production of glass for windows, drinking glasses, beverage bottles,
and many other uses. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_dioxide)

Refractory -A refractory material is one that retains its strength at high temperatures.
Chapter II
Review of Related Literature
Ceramics is one of the most ancient industries on the planet. Once humans
discovered that clay could be dug up and formed into objects by first mixing with water
and then firing, the industry was born. As early as 24,000 BC, animal and human
figurines were made from clay and other materials, then fired in kilns partially dug into
the ground.
Almost 10,000 years later, as settled communities were established, tiles were
manufactured in Mesopotamia and India. The first use of functional pottery vessels for
storing water and food is thought to be around 9000 or 10,000 BC. Clay bricks were also
made around the same time.
Glass was believed to be discovered in Egypt around 8000 BC, when overheating
of kilns produced a colored glaze on the pottery. Experts estimate that it was not until
1500 BC that glass was produced independently of ceramics and fashioned into separate
items.
One of the few processes for pottery is jiggering or jollying which we will use in
making our ceramic product. Jiggering is the operation of bringing a shaped tool into
contact with the plastic clay of a piece under construction, the piece itself being set on a
rotating plaster mould on the wheel. The jigger tool shapes one face while the mould
shapes the other. Jiggering is used only in the production of flat wares, such as plates, but
a similar operation, jolleying, is used in the production of hollow-wares such as cups.
Related studies shows the “Processing and mechanical properties of porous silica-
bonded silicon carbide ceramics” in which a simple processing route for manufacturing
highly porous, silica-bonded SiC ceramics with spherical pores has been developed. The
strategy adopted for making porous silica-bonded SiC ceramics entails the following
steps: (i) fabricating a formed body through a combination of SiC and polymer
microbeads (employed as sacrificial templates) and (ii) sintering the formed body in air.
SiC particles are bonded to each other by oxidation-derived SiO2 glass. By controlling the
microbead content and the sintering temperature, it was possible to adjust the porosity
such that it ranged from 19 to 77%. The flexural and compressive strengths of the porous
silica-bonded SiC ceramics with ≈40% porosity were ≈65 MPa and ≈200 MPa,
respectively. The superior strengths were attributed to the homogeneous distribution of
small (≤30 μm), spherical pores with dense struts in the porous silica-bonded SiC
ceramics. (METALS AND MATERIALS International, Vol. 11, No. 5 , 2005)

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Utilization of Broken Glass into Ceramics

A. Background of the Study

Glass is an amorphous(non-crystalline) solid material. Glasses are typically brittle

windows and drinking vessel, is soda-lime glass, composed of about 75%

silica(SiO2) plus sodium oxide(Na2O), calcium oxide(CaO), and several minor

crystalline materials. The microstructure of ceramics frequently contains amorphous

characteristics and sand structure.

not dealt with carefully.

B. Statement of the Problem

 The use of Silica (SiO2) as a main ingredient for ceramics making.

 The acceptability of ceramics made from broken glasses? Acceptability

in terms of cost, usability, utility.

 Is the brittleness and refractory property of the experimental ceramics

and commercial ceramics same?

developed ceramics to the commercial ceramic in terms brittleness and refractory.

1. Quartz-sand or silica can be used as a main ingredient in making

2. The brittleness and refractory of the developed product will be the

same with the commercial ceramics.

E. Significance of the Study

damage caused by broken glasses to passers-by and wheeled vehicles would be

significant deformation (strain). Brittle materials absorb relatively

little energy prior to

fracture, even those of highstrength. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brittle)

Silica - Silica is most commonly found in nature as sand or quartz. Silica is

and many other uses. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_dioxide)

made around the same time.

a similar operation, jolleying, is used in the production of hollow-wares such as cups.

respectively. The superior strengths were attributed to the homogeneous distribution of

ceramics. (METALS AND MATERIALS International, Vol. 11, No. 5 , 2005)

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