Upcoming Master Prediction - April2019 PDF
Upcoming Master Prediction - April2019 PDF
Upcoming Master Prediction - April2019 PDF
3. Living room is the most used part that withholds most of the traffic
coming in and out of the house. It is highly recommended that the
flooring should be strong enough that it can endure all such amendments
done with your furniture or to the increasing and decreasing ratio of
visitors. For this purpose, you can opt for hardwood flooring. Being classy
and sophisticated in look it is the perfect choice for your living room
whenever you are remodeling your home.
5. Major breeding areas, and breeding islands, are shown as dark green
areas or darts. Open darts shown no-breeding records on islands, and are
also used for offshore sightings, that is from ships or boats. Other areas
where species is not meant to be seen are plain pale green, with pale
green hatching where records are usually sparse.
9. Tesla actually worked for Edison early in his career. Edison offered to
pay him the modern equivalent of a million dollars to fix the problems he
was having with his DC generators and motors. Tesla fixed Edison’s
machines and when he asked for the money he was promised, Edison
laughed him off and had this to say, “Tesla, you don’t understand our
American humor.”
10. The beginning of the twenty-first century will be remembered, not for
military conflicts or political events, but for a whole new age of
globalization – a ‘flattening’ of the world. The explosion of advanced
technologies now means that suddenly knowledge pools and resources
have connected all over the planet, leveling the playing field as never
before.
11. The brain is divided into two hemispheres, called the left and right
hemispheres. Each hemisphere provided a different set of functions,
behaviors, and controls. The right hemisphere is often called the creative
side of the brain, while the left hemisphere is the logical or analytic side
of brain. The right hemisphere controlled the left parts of the body, and
the left hemisphere controlled the right side.
17. This book is no ordinary book, and should not be read through from
beginning to end. It contains many different adventures, and the path you
take will depend on the choices you make along the way. The success or
failure of your mission will hinge on the decisions you make, so think
carefully before choosing.
18. This is what needs to happen on climate change: the world needs to
put a price on carbon emissions and let the market respond. If politicians
pretend this can be done without pain, it will probably result in another
five to ten years of pretending to take action.
19. Two sisters were at a dinner party when the conversation turned to
upbringing. The elder sister started to say that her parents had been very
strict and that she had been rather frightened of them. Her sister,
younger by two years, interrupted in amazement. “What are you talking
about?” she said, “Our parents were very lenient”.
20. Weakness in electronics, auto and gas station sales dragged down
overall retail sales last month, but excluding those three categories,
retailers enjoyed healthy increases across the board, according to
government figures released Wednesday. Moreover, December sales
numbers were also advised higher.
21. When countries assess their annual carbon emissions, they count up
their cars and bus stations, but bushfires are not included. Presumably
because they are deemed to be events beyond human control. In
Australia, Victoria alone sees several hundred thousand hectares burn
each year. In both 2004 and more recently, the figure has even been over
one million hectares.
22. While blue is one of the most popular colors, it is one of the least
appetizing. Blue food is rare in nature. Food researchers say that, when
humans searched for food, they learned to avoid toxic or spoiled objects,
which were often blue, black or purple. When food dyed blue is served to
study subjects, they lose appetite.
23. Yellow is the most optimistic color, yet surprisingly, people lose their
tempers most often in yellow rooms and babies will cry more. The reason
may be that yellow is the hardest color on the eye, so it can be
overpowering if overused.
25. The core of the problem was the immense disparity between the
country’s productive capacity and the ability of people to consume. Great
innovations in productive techniques during and after the war raised the
output of industry beyond the purchasing capacity of U.S. farmers and
wage earners.
26. The Grand Canyon is 277 miles long, up to 18 miles wide and attains
a depth of over a mile. While the specific geologic processes and timing
that formed the Grand Canyon are the subject of debate by geologists,
recent evidence suggests the Colorado River established its course
through the canyon at least 17 million years ago.
27. This study tracked about 1,000 adults in the United States, and they
ranged in age from 34 to 93, and they started the study by asking, 'How
much stress have you experienced in the last year?' They also asked,
'How much time have you spent helping out friends, neighbors, people in
your community?' And then they used public records for the next five
years to find out who died.
29. Once you've picked a general topic for your paper, you need to come
up with a thesis. Your thesis is the main focal point of your paper and it's
the position you'll take on your particular topic. Formulating a strong
thesis is one of the most important things you need to do to ace your
paper.
30. A thesis is a claim that you can argue for or against. It should be
something that you can present persuasively and clearly. The scope of
your paper, so keep in mind that page count. If possible, your thesis
should be somewhat original.
31. Competence in mathematics was another trouble spot. More than half
said that their real task school's graduates are deficient in mathematics,
more than 10% of respondents said college's graduates are deficient in
the subject, while 70% said they are adequate.
34. Since its inception, the UN system has been working to ensure
adequate food for all through sustainable agriculture. The majority of the
world’s poorest people live in rural areas of developing countries. They
depend on agriculture and related activities for their livelihoods. This
makes them particularly vulnerable to man-made and natural influences
that reduce agricultural production.
35. The main production of soft drink was stored in 1830’s & since then
from those experimental beginning, there was an evolution until in 1781
when the world’s first cola-flavoured beverage was introduced. These
drinks were called soft drinks, only to separate them from hard alcoholic
drinks. Today, soft drink is more favourite refreshment drink than tea,
coffee, juice etc.
43. Charles Darwin published his paper "On the Origin of Species" in
1859. It is one of the most well-known pieces of scientific literature in
human history. In the paper, Darwin proposes the theory of natural
selection. He states that for any generation of any species, there will
always be a struggle for survival. Individuals who are better suited to the
environment are "fitter", and therefore have a much higher chance of
surviving and reproducing. This means that later generations are likely to
inherit these stronger genetic traits.
44. Such cross-protection is usually seen between two animals. But Gore
studies the same sort of mutualism in microbes. He and his team
demonstrated the first experimental example of that cross-protective
relationship in drug-resistant microbes, using two strains of antibiotic-
resistant E. coli bacteria: one resistant to ampicillin, the other to
chloramphenicol.
45. Written examinations are a fact of life for most high school and
university students. However, recent studies have shown that this
traditional form of assessment may not be an accurate indicator of
academic performance. Tests have shown that many students experience
anxiety during exam weeks, which leads to poorer results. As a result,
some learning institutions are replacing exams with alternative
assessments such as group work and oral presentations.
46. In classes, your teachers will talk about topics that you are studying.
The information that they provide will be important to know when you
take tests. You must be able to take good written notes from what your
teacher says.
48. Hundreds of millions of American people eat fast food every day
without giving it too much thought, unaware of the subtle and not so
subtle ramifications of their purchases. They just grab their tray off the
counter, find a table, take a seat, unwrap the paper, and dig in. The
whole experience is transitory and soon forgotten.
50. Avalanche is rapidly descending large mass of snow, ice, soil, rock, or
mixtures of these materials, sliding or falling in response to the force of
gravity. Avalanches, which are natural forms of erosion and often
seasonal, are usually classified by their content such as a debris or snow
avalanche.
52. As to the Industrial Revolution, one cannot dispute today the fact that
it has succeeded in inaugurating in a number of countries a level of mass
prosperity which was undreamt of in the days preceding the Industrial
Revolution. But, on the immediate impact of Industrial Revolution, there
were substantial divergences among writers.
53. While blue is one of the most popular colors, it is one of the least
appetizing. Blue food is rare in nature. Food researchers say that, when
humans searched for food, they learned to avoid toxic or spoiled objects,
which were often blue, black or purple. When food dyed blue is served to
study subjects, they lose appetite.
54. When countries assess their annual carbon dioxide emissions, they
count up their cars and power stations, but bush fires are not included —
presumably because they are deemed to be events beyond human
control. In Australia, Victoria alone sees several hundred thousand
hectares burn each year; in both 2004 and more recently, the figure has
been over 1 million hectares.
55. When countries assess their annual carbon dioxide emissions, they
count up their cars and power stations, but bush fires are not included —
presumably because they are deemed to be events beyond human
control. In Australia, Victoria alone sees several hundred thousand
hectares burn each year; in both 2004 and more recently, the figure has
been over 1 million hectares.
56. For any marketing course that requires the development of marketing
plans, such as marketing management, marketing strategy, and
segmentation support marketing, this is the only planning handbook that
guides students through the step by step creation of customized
marketing plan. While offering commercial software to aid in the process.
57. How quickly is the world's population growing? In the United States
and other developed countries, the current growth rate is very low. In
most developing countries, the human population is growing at 3 people
per second. Because of this bustling growth rate, human population is
grown to reach 9 billion within your lifetime.
58. Hundreds of millions of people eat fast food every day without giving
it much thought, they just unwrap their hamburgers and dig in. An hour
or so later, when the burgers are all gone and wrappers were tossed in
the bin, the whole meal has already been forgotten.
61. Major breeding areas, and breeding islands, are shown as dark green
areas or darts. Open darts shown no-breeding records on islands, and are
also used for offshore sightings, that is from ships or boats. Other areas
where species is not meant to be seen are plain pale green, with pale
green hatching where records are usually sparse.
63. The Ford Company provides plenty of opportunities for its employees.
It guarantees not only comfortable and appropriate working conditions,
but also many other advantages. Therefore, becoming a part of the Ford
Motor company is always profitable and beneficial. Moreover, it is
important to mention that Ford Motors provides its employees with
effective and useful services and takes care of their well-being.
64. At the end of this year, we will launch the cup class boats. So these
will be about twice the power. The sailors are down in the cockpits, unlike
today. A lot of power is being generated by these four grinders that are
providing hydraulic power, and that energy is being used to control the
flying surface, the hydrofoil and is also being used to control the wing and
the flaps, effectively the engine, of what we have.
65. Studying abroad is a very popular option for students who come from
a wealthy family. Most people believe that overseas experience provides a
deeper understanding of cultures and develops communication skills.
While this may be true, not all of these new experiences are useful for
finding a job. Employers tend to value interpersonal skills and industry
knowledge more than cultural background.
68. Major breeding areas, and breeding islands, are shown as dark green
areas or darts. Open darts are shown no-breeding records on islands, and
are also used for offshore sightings, that is from ships or boats. Other
areas where species are not meant to be seen are plain pale green, with
pale green hatching were records are usually sparse.
REPEAT SENTENCES:
1. The test selected materials from all chapters in this course this
semester.
3. The glass is not the real solid, because it doesn't have crystal
structure.
5. The context(contest) includes both the land history and the human
history.
10. Each year, our research team examines the top 100 grossing films in
the United States.
12. We all know this is a temporary solution. But what else can we do?
13. I hope this lecture gives you some idea of the kinds of things we can
do with future robots.
14. Every summer, my family and I travel across the world, 3,000 miles
away to the culturally diverse country of India.
16. Today we’re going to focus on the most important meal of the day,
breakfast.
17. The twin-engine aircraft should have been able to successfully take
off even after losing an engine.
20. A lot of agricultural workers came to the East End to look for
alternative work.
22. All essays and seminar papers submitted must be emailed to your
tutor.
24. Does the college refectory offer vegetarian dishes on a daily basis?
25. During the next few centuries, London has become one of the most
powerful and prosperous cities in Europe.
27. Fees are heavily discounted and bursaries are available for delegates.
28. He was not the only one to call for a legal reform in the 16th century.
31. I will now demonstrate how the reaction can be arrested by adding a
diluted acid.
32. If you want to quit the student union, tell the registrar.
33. I’ll start with a brief history of the district, and then focus on life in
the first half of the 20th century.
34. In the last few weeks, we’ve been looking at various aspects of the
social history of London.
35. In the past, students were required to complete two long written
assignments.
36. International students can get help with locating housing near the
university.
37. It Is quite clear that the rising prosperity does not make people feel
more content.
38. Knives and forks should be placed next to the spoons on the edge of
the table.
40. Italy’s famous volcano Mount Etna may be fed mostly by hot water
and carbon dioxide.
43. The rescuers were beaten back by strong winds and currents.
44. In New Zealand, the Maori people maintain a strong cultural tradition
47. Were you just trying to trap her into making some admission?
48. They identified six plants as having potential for development into
pharmaceutical drugs
50. Our company promises to preserve the anonymity of all its clients.
51. Prospective buyers should study the small ads in the daily newspaper.
52. The £5 banknote was first issued at the end of the 18th century.
53. It might be more prudent to get a second opinion before going ahead.
55. The real issue is not globalisation, but the rise of emerging countries.
56. Does the fact that your players are part timers help or hinder you?
58. There was a general impression that tomorrow meant a fresh start.
59. By contrast, the comparable figure for the Netherlands is 16 per cent.
61. The company intends to squeeze further savings from its suppliers.
62. They appointed a new manager to coordinate the work of the team.
63. The plane is overdue and has been delayed by the bad weather.
65. The air pollution exceeds most acceptable levels by 10 times or more.
67. The five survivors eventually reached safety, ragged, half-starved and
exhausted.
72. The Romans left in 410 at the beginning of the fifth century.
74. A hundred years ago, Albert Einstein first published his theory of
general relativity.
75. All essays and seminar papers submitted must be emailed to your
tutor.
78. By clicking this button, you agree with the terms and conditions of
this website.
80. During the period, heavy industry grew rapidly in the north of the
country.
81. Elephant is the largest land living mammal.
82. Higher fees cause the student to look more critically at what
universities offer.
84. I am pleased to report that many topics have been involved in this
lecture.
88. Nearly half of the television production are given away for education
program.
90. She doesn't even care about anything but what is honest and true.
92. Students are not allowed to take journals out of the library.
94. The lecture on child psychology has been postponed until Friday.
95. The test selected materials from all chapters in this course this
semester.
96. Students are afraid of writing an essay, because they have learned
nothing about it.
97. The glass is not the real solid, because it doesn't have crystal
structure.
98. You should include your name and identification number in the
application form.
99. The context(contest) includes both the land history and the human
history.
101. The course registration is open early March for new students.
104. Number the beakers and put them away before tomorrow.
107. She doesn't care about anything but what is honest and true.
110. The office opens on Mondays and Thursdays directly follow the
freshman seminar.
111. The library is located on the other side of the campus behind the
student centre.
112. Could you please pass the handouts to the students that are in your
row?
113. Number the bricks and put them away before tomorrow.
114. The library is located on the other side of the campus behind the
student centre.
118. Rules of breaks and lunch time vary from one company to another.
120. Research has found that there is no correlation between diet and
intelligence.
121. Please carefully study the framework and complete the survey.
123. Haemoglobin carries oxygen from lungs to other parts of the body.
125. The number of people in the world tripled during the last century.
126. In just 12 years, the global population raised from just six to seven
billion.
127. There are several interesting blocks you can refer for your academic
writing
130. There are several technologies available in the market for video
conferencing such as Skype and Google hangouts.
132. Does anyone know how to use the new constitutional voting
system?
133. There was a big bushfire and everyone in the town got evacuated.
137. Well, it's impossible to burn coal and not make pollution.
138. Aussie kids are constantly adding to that pile using social media
apps like Instagram.
139. Some social media companies are working to make it easier for kids
to figure out how to use their apps safely and responsibly.
141. One thing that people might not know about distant education is
that students never miss a day of school even if they are sick.
142. 8 in 10 of the students said that they spend more time in front of a
screen than recommended by experts.
143. On the 2nd of December 1911, Douglas Mawson set sail for
Antarctica.
144. Some online companies and social media sites are not attempting to
sort the fake news from the real stuff.
148. At the moment, 193 countries have signed the Paris agreement.
149. When people breathe in too many polluted particles, it can cause
serious, even life-threatening, health conditions.
150. The twin-engine aircraft should have been able to successfully take
off even after losing an engine.
151. Students who selected two to three courses may need an extension.
152. Could you pass the material to students that are in your row?
153. A lot of people who have up until now been spending money having
a good time now need to be more careful with their money.
154. What distinguishes him from others is the dramatic use of black and
white photography.
159. A preliminary bibliography is due the week before the spring break.
160. Higher fees cause the student to look more critically at what
universities offer.
162. She doesn't even care about anything but what is honest and true.
167. Excuse me sir, do you know the way to the North Church?
168. Every student in this class will need to submit their cover sheet prior
to the release of the assignment.
169. The salt used in this dish was imported from Egypt.
170. The pyramids have been standing for over thousands of years and
draws tourists from all over the world.
174. The great ocean road is a scenic route which stretches on for miles.
175. Parents of children who are found outside of school can be punished
under the law.
177. Some employees spend two hours a day on social networking sites.
183. Anyone who feels ill should visit our medical centre.
185. The Student’s Union governs the use of the Sports Centre.
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73.
Retell Lectures and Summarise spoken texts:
Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is the world's largest particle accelerator lies
in a tunnel. The LHC is a ring roughly 28km around that accelerates
protons almost to the speed of light before colliding them head-on.
Protons are particles found in the atomic nucleus, roughly one thousand-
million-millionth of a meter in size. The LHC starts with a bottle of
hydrogen gas, which is sent through an electric field to strip away the
electrons, leaving just the protons. Electric and magnetic fields are the
key to a particle accelerator.
2. Visual Description
Randall Jarrell, the great American critic and poet, once defined the novel
as, “an extended piece of prose fiction with something wrong with it”.
Now, nothing is perfect and you don’t have to look very hard to find
something wrong - or perhaps just something you don’t like - about any
work of fiction you care to name. Where, we might ask, does the editor
come into this? And is it beneficial to an author to have an editor who is
also a novelist? You would think that being a writer themselves, familiar
with the process of writing a novel and its demands, they would be able
to get inside the head of the author, and be sympathetic and
understanding of what needs to be done. This is not an unreasonable
assumption to make. However, is it not possible that there is an opposite
side to this? Editors might, from their experience as writers, possibly
unconsciously, try to make over the submitted novel as they themselves
would have written it. The ideal, one supposes, is for the editor to see the
book through the author’s eyes, but if they apply their own creative talent
to the job they might end up seeing it too much through their own eyes
and, in this way, take no account of the author’s original intentions.
4. Dissociation of Personality
5. Children Obesity
6. Government Blogging
Main Points:
9. Making Machines
10. Overfishing
Agriculture and fishing in history. Fish, shrimp, and seaweed were the
major sources of food, especially in Asia. One thirds of human's food
supply was from the ocean and rivers. But now the food source from the
ocean is decreasing, due to overfishing.
Main Points:
This lecture talks about the general conditions of how animals can survive
and reproduce, how they maintain their bodies under water, how they
tolerate different temperature and seasons, how they use their habitats,
and how about their daily activities and behaviours. For example, if the
specie is put into the fridge, it will die, which highlight the
11.1 Laugh as a therapy
People realized the importance of laughing a long time ago and there are
different understandings about humour in different regions.
There were war jokes about the Berlin Wall spreading among east regions
for 30 years during the second World War that could ease the harm of the
war
As humour, laughing can help people get through bleak and boring time.
As a therapy, laughing can effectively improve people's self-respect and
identity.
The lecturer talks about the changes that have taken place in coffee
production in Vietnam.
The huge demand in Europe and America has helped Vietnam to become
the second largest coffee producer, which had a great impact on
Colombia's production.
The output in central America has significantly decreased and people are
also going through changes in coffee drinking habits.
The reason is that as people are moving to urban areas they are
influenced by the mainstream language and give up speaking their
mother tones.
15. Dimensions
Only in four dimensions, we can explain the space. where does it happen
and when does it happen?
In 1900. the population was about 1.5 billion and it increased to 6 billion
in 2000. The increase of energy consumption was much more significant
which is increased by 16 folds. Due to the urbanisation, cities, which only
account for 2% of the land, have 50% of the total population and
consumes 75% of the resources.
At the end, the lecturer emphasizes that people not only use every
resource on the planet but also produce tons of wastes.
This lecture first states that the need to modify government power from
federal to state level, which is a philosophical question.
Main points:
Biology provides profound insights into the world around us, and all
creatures on earth are similar and exceptionally related to each other. All
life forms rely on DNA and RNA to store, transmit and use their genetic
inherited information, and they are based on cells which are fundamental
building blocks of all organisms. These organisms conduct metabolism
and their basic chemistry is all very similar as well. (66 words)
The DNA in the picture has two lines, and genes provide protein
Each cell has two million proteins. but we cannot conclude which
cells perform what type of functions.
Development of genes shows genetic difference on cognitive ability
between present and ancestor. It also highlighted only a small
number of genes are different between present and people from
5000 years ago.
The way of modern people 92 is no difference with our ancestors in
half million years ago. because the genes didn't change much.
27. Monitor underwater fish (RL)
Also, the camera can monitor how the fish underwater react to the
feeding and help people to change the feeding strategy when fish do not
react positively.
29. HTML
When90’s comes around, more and more people could get online.
During the first decade, people created things like web pages and lessons
without fears, religion, motivation or profitability
30. Vitamin D
However, people have been migrating from the equator to other places
where they need to put clothes on.
Therefore, more Vitamin D via food is needed now as people’s skin are
less exposed to sunshine.
This lecture talks about the renovation of Paris in the 1890s, which
was a vast public program directed by Haussmann, commissioned
by Napoleon the Third.
Napoleon the third told Haussmann to bring air and light to the
center of to make the city safer and more beautiful.
The renovation removed the unhealthy neighbourhood and it
includes building roads, parks and squares, planting more trees and
the construction of new infrastructure.
Finally, the speaker mentions that the reason for doing this is that
the old Paris had many serious problems such as overcrowding,
disease and crime.
37. Pavlov’s Classic Conditioning Experiment
The comic I show you with lots of people chatting around a room is
a form of description.
Sometimes we have to use visual description, especially when we
cannot witness the scenario.
I was born during the Second World War. I always asked my mom
about the war. I often asked my mom “you have mentioned this or
that when talked to me.” I will ask her about what the shelter was
like and ‘when did you go to the shelter’.
From her response I could get more visual evidence, so that I can
experience as if I were there. This is how I can write my book.
Students are motivated by the needs to learn and that’s how we can
teach.
Teaching can demonstrate current researches to students. Teaching
can bring intelligence together, find problems in the research
through the teaching process.
Teaching’s goal is to stimulate and to motivate. Teaching is to find
new ideas and new ways to do things.
This is how to become a good professor.
The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is the largest and the most
powerful particle accelerator in the world. It is used to recreate the
conditions of space after the big bang at the start of the universe.
LHC is operated in a tunnel of 27km long. It can create 1.4 million
times of collisions per second.
Each particle beam collision will generate 7 TeV (teraelectron volt),
which is the largest energy manmade collision of particle beams.
The LHC's main magnets operate at a temperature of 1.9 K (degree
Kelvin) over the absolute zero, which is even colder than the
temperature of the outer space 2.7 K (degree Kelvin).
Traffic light colors (red, amber and green) are used to represent
food healthy standard.
Different colors represent different information and categorize food
types, so that people would know what to eat when they need some
certain type of nutrients.
It is the retailer’s responsibility to label food properly so that
consumers can choose exactly what type of food they need.
In this way, consumers can be aware of food with less salt or less
fat.
46. Biomedical Engineering
This lecture talks about the health trainings for community service
workers
Trainings and consultation will be provided to help them understand
the scope and how to prevent diseases such as HIV.
Large workshops and seminars are held quarterly in India. These
trainings will be provided by big hospitals and professionals.
But these target groups are hard to reach or contact because they
live in remote areas and the team has to cross the river.
This lecture compares the conditions on the earth and Mars, as well
as the habitability of Mars.
There are some similarities such as polar caps, atmospheres and
water climate.
But Mars and the earth also have lots of difference. Even the most
inhabitable areas on the earth are way different from those on
Mars.
The lecture also describes different forms of water (hydrology) on
the surface and underground of the earth and Mars.
This lecture talks about the general conditions of how animals can survive
and reproduce, how they maintain their bodies under water, how they
tolerate different temperature and seasons, how they use their habitats,
and how about their daily activities and behaviours. For example, if the
specie is put into the fridge, it will die, which highlight the
The lecture focuses on the literal definition of risk and safety. Two parts of
the definition of risk include consequences of some kind of dangers, and
possibilities of loss, whereas the definition of safe, though involves a
circular argument, is free from harm, which is an absolute notion being
either safe or not safe.
65. b
When90’s comes around, more and more people could get online.
Thanks to UK, the invention of HTML allowed people to create a
wide variety of works.
During the first decade, people created things like web pages and
lessons without fears, religion, motivation or profitability
Because people can feel a sense of enjoyment through their
creation
68. Vitamin D
Nuclear family includes only a mother, a father and children. This is the
most common family type in western countries.
71. Competition
73. Sugar
Children have been losing childhood both in the past and now. In the 19th
century, the reason of losing childhood was that children needed to work
at an early age with high risks of staying around the streets. However,
the reasons why children are losing childhood vary according to the
change of society such as the changing aspects of gender and commercial
advertisements
The lecturer used to live in West London and every time he walked
through the streets there, he saw many ugly buildings on the both sides.
Those ugly buildings last hundreds of years and had long-term negative
impacts on beholders by causing frustration and anger, unlike a bad book,
which last just several years. Architects should learn from some buildings
in Rome, which are beautiful and have last since ancient times. But
architects say beauty is an arrogant word and do not think their works are
ugly, because beauty is in the eye of the beholders.
76. Description
To understand the earth, we need to know what and how the earth
formed because there is no photograph in the past to measure size the
planets. Moon is the closest to the earth. The moon is formed by a
collision between Theia and moon has profound applications and
influences on the earth. Without it, the lives on earth would to
sophisticated creatures.
79.Music Record
Music recorder was invented between 1870 and 1890 to help people
preserve music for future generation. Music was recorded in disk
(US)/disc (UK) and played in phonographs. Recording has changed the
state of music, and it’s hard to imagine how people educated music in the
past. Music record is the form of existence for memory, and people may
even hear the voice of death in the future.
82. Risk
84. DNA
Since the discovery of DNA, people have believed that genes have an
impact only on people’s physical structure. But since 2001, researchers
have found that there is a genetic responsibility to human’s physical and
psychological behaviours. This discovery has changed the way we
understand our behaviours, and the findings can benefit biologists,
psychologists and neurologists.
Answer: Library.
2. How would you describe an animal that no longer exist on the earth?
Answer: Extinct
Answer: Water
4. What attitude would you have when you are in a job interview,
enthusiastic or passive?
Answer: Enthusiastic
Answer: Newspaper.
Answer: Water.
10. What is the table that lists chemical elements in order of atomic
numbers in rows and columns?
Answer: Workers
Answer: Trees/Wood.
13. How many times does a biannual magazine published in one year?
Answer: Twice.
Answer: Knee
Answer: CHEMISTRY
Answer: MELT
Answer: HEARING
Answer: ORIGINAL
19. What do you call a system of government in which people vote for the
people who will represent them?
Answer: DEMOCRACY
21. Would you measure the volume of bottle water in litres or Kilos?
Answer: LITRES
22. What's the joint called where your hand is connected to your arm?
Answer: WRIST
Answer: RADIOLOGY
24. What do we call the piece of paper that proves you have bought the
item?
Answer: RECEIPT
Answer: FOUR
Answer: TWENTY-FOUR
28. The phrase used to describe the way that repeatedly increases and
decreases or rises and falls
Answer: Siesta
Answer: Jargon
31. If you want to reference all pages in a book that discuss a topic,
where to find it?
Answer: INDEX
32. Where do we hang our clothes, closet or drawer?
Answer: CLOSET
Answer: WICK
Answer: JOURNAL
36. Which part at the end of book can be used for further reading? An
index or a bibliography?
Answer: BIBLIOGRAPHY
Answer: CYCLING
Answer: INCREASE
39. What is the name of the student who has not completed his course?
40. What's the material that we use to stick two things together?
Answer: GLUE
Answer: Z
Answer: ELECTRICITY
43. What is vaccine used for?
Answer: BLOOD
Answer: MEMBER
Answer: COMPUTER
Answer: TIME
48. What do you call the number of people living in a specific area?
Answer: POPULATION
Answer: CENTER
Answer: DEAF
Answer: SKIN
Answer: EGGS
54. Language which is confused and unintelligible, Jargon or vocabulary?
Answer: Jargon
Answer: Widower
Answer: Mortuary
Answer: Detectives
Answer: Autocracy
Answer: Bibliophile
Answer: Optician
61. One who kills animals and sells their flesh. Butcher or barber?
Answer: Butcher
Answer: Egoistic
Answer: Amphibian
65. A building for keeping and feeding horses in, Stable or Kennel?
Answer: Stable
Answer: Rosary
67. Art and science dealing with rules of language, Grammar or Literature
Answer: Grammar
Answer: Infinite
69. Something that is quickly and easily set on fire and burned, Is it
flammable or Non-flammable?
Answer: Flammable
70. The one who is unable to pay his debts, In debt or Insolvent
Answer: Insolvent
Answer: Narcotic
Answer: Obesity
Answer: Obituary
Answer: PAPER
Answer: VOLCANO
76. What do we call the "Times New Roman" in word?
Answer: Typeface/Font
Answer: U
Answer: HEIGHT
79. What is a part of the digestive system and is essential for churning
food?
Answer: STOMACH
Answer: GOLD
81. What is the item of footwear intended to protect and comfort human
foot?
Answer: SHOES
82. What is a standard set of letters that is used to write one or more
languages based upon the general principle?
Answer: ALPHABET
Answer: THESAURUS
Answer: SMOKING
Answer: OPHTHALMOLOGY
86. When was the tractor invented? (picture will be given)
Answer: 1892
Answer: METAL
Answer: CHEMISTRY
Answer: Widower
Answer: Mortuary
Answer: Detectives
Answer: Autocracy
Answer: Bibliophile
Answer: Optician
95. One who kills animals and sells their flesh. Butcher or barber?
Answer: Butcher
Answer: Egoistic
Answer: Amphibian
99. A building for keeping and feeding horses in, Stable or Kennel?
Answer: Stable
Answer: Rosary
Answer: Grammar
Answer: Infinite
103. Something that is quickly and easily set on fire and burned, Is it
flammable or Non-flammable?
Answer: Flammable
104. The one who is unable to pay his debts, Indebt or Insolvent
Answer: Insolvent
Answer: Narcotic
Answer: Obesity
Answer: PAPER
Answer: VOLCANO
Answer: Typeface/Font
Answer: ABSTAIN
Answer: U
Answer: HEIGHT
114. What is a part of the digestive system and is essential for churning
food?
Answer: STOMACH
Answer: GOLD
116. What is the item of footwear intended to protect and comfort human
foot?
Answer: SHOES
117. What is a standard set of letters that is used to write one or more
languages based upon the general principle?
Answer: ALPHABET
Answer: THESAURUS
Answer: TWELVE
121. In the library, which books we are not allowed to bring them out
with ourselves?
1.
A. At 5:12 a.m. on April 18, 1906, the people of San Francisco were
awakened by an earthquake that would devastate the city.
D. The fire, lasting four days, most likely started with broken gas lines
and, in some cases, was helped along by people hoping to collect
insurance for their property—they were covered for fire, but not
earthquake, damage.
2.
D. Parks was chosen by King as the face for his campaign because of
Parks' good standing with the community, her employment and her
marital status.
C. The source should be cited under APA guidelines, and the final draft
should be written in APA styles.
D. The final draft is due one week before the final exam
4.
5.
A. Employers are often reluctant to hire young people, even though there
are more than 850,000 unemployed 16 to 24-year-olds and UK
businesses are struggling to fill one in five vacancies because of skills
shortages.
B. They are skeptical about young people’s skills and their readiness for
work.
6.
B. it's including
7.
B. When they surveyed the same group five years later, most of the
teenagers were eating fewer fruits and vegetables.
8.
B. However, learning from video isn't the same as learning from direct
experience, and until age 2 or 3 years, children appear to have difficulty
learning from media that are not interactive.
C. Older preschoolers also have trouble learning from media when they're
tested on more difficult tasks.
10.
A. All animals have a strong exploratory urge, but for some it is more
crucial than others.
C. If they have put all their efforts into the perfection of one survival
trick, they do not bother so much with the general complexities of the
world around them.
D. So long as the ant eater had its ants and the koala bear had gum
leaves, then they are satisfied and the living is easy.
11.
C. Who could create a house for $300 and if it was possible, why hadn’t it
been done before?
D. Nonetheless, they closed their blog with a challenge: “We ask chief
executives, governments, NGOs, foundations: Are there any takers?”
12.
E. Over the last half-century, organic farming has become a driving force
in the world's food market.
13.
B. Sojourner has now been effectively switched off, but lasted almost
twelve times its expected lifetime.
C. Similarly the lander, which imaged several areas around the landing
site (dubbed the Carl Sagan Memorial site) and took atmospheric
measurements, lasted a good deal longer than expected.
D. The only unfortunate thing to have arisen from the mission is the
naming of the rocks at the landing site (including everything from Scooby
Doo to Darth Vader).
14.
15.
B. Why is that?
D. They think it is like a small lecture where the tutor gives them
information.
16.
D. From outside Wales, too, it is the rugby that commonly defines the
nation – with the sport providing both widespread interest and one of the
few positive associations of outsiders’ perceptions of Wales.
17.
18.
B. The takeover battle raged for six months before Arcelor's bosses finally
listened to shareholders who wanted the board to accept Mittal's third
offer. The story tells us two things about European business, both
positive.
20.
D. Now in her third year of study, the Monash Abroad program will see
her complete four units of study in the US before returning to Australia in
May 2009.
21.
A. Jean Briggs has worked with the Inuit of the Canadian Arctic and has
described how, within these communities, growing up is largely seen as a
process of acquiring thought, reason and understanding (known in Inuit
as ihuma).
B. Young children don’t possess these qualities and are easily angered,
cry frequently and are incapable of understanding the external difficulties
facing the community, such as shortages of food.
D. Its only when they are older and begin to acquire thought that parents
attempt to teach them or discipline them.
22.
D. How these two media leapfrogged through the Victorian age, defining
themselves against one another, is the subject of Tate Britain’s exhibition
Painting with Light.
23.
B. This leads the tectonic plates on top to slowly jostle one another.
C. The buildup and sudden release of friction from this movement can
cause earthquakes.
D. The movement also creates gaps in tectonic plates, which reduce the
mantle beneath.
24.
A. My study of the history of religion has revealed that human beings are
spiritual animals. Indeed, there is a case for arguing that Homo sapiens is
also Homo religious.
C. This was not simply because they wanted to propitiate powerful forces.
D. But these early faiths expressed the wonder and mystery that seems
always to have been an essential component of the human experience of
this beautiful yet terrifying world.
25.
B. For example, the sherbet you used for the chapter problem on page 25
is a mixture of baking soda and citric acid.
26.
E. But no one would argue that mobile phones cannot help to make a
phone call when we are in a crisis.
27.
C. Manto mattered. the truth was there was nobody who could ignore
him.
D. It has remained the same, around 60 years after he breathed his last
in Lahore.
28.
C. Before writing, you should figure out what the question is after, and
what is not relevant.
D. And then you will have an idea of what you should write.
E. For example …
30.
V 1:
(Only the gist, not the original text.)
V 2:
31.
(Only the gist, not the original text.)
32.
A. People always think it’s easy to organise a meeting however, there are
many potentials can hinder the starting time
E. Perhaps they can acquire grammar and speak if they could only use
grammar some way other than with a voice. The obvious alternative is
sign language.
34.
35.
B. Of course, most people are well enough to attend to their work, but
nearly all are suffering from some ill, mental or physical, acute or chronic.
36.
B. Of course, most people are well enough to attend to their work, but
nearly all are suffering from some ill, mental or physical, acute or chronic.
D. His bad habits, of which he is often not aware, have brought weakness
and disease upon him.
E. These conditions prevent him from doing his best mentally and
physically.
37.
C. They theorized that the 1.2 liters of green tea that is consumed by
many Asians each day provides high levels of polyphenols and other
antioxidants.
38.
39.
C. Four of these planets are so-called super-Earths, larger than our own
planet, but smaller than even the smallest ice giant planet in our Solar
System.
D. These new super-Earths have radii of 1.3, 1.4, 1.6, and 1.9 times that
of Earth. In addition, one of the five was a roughly Mars-sized planet, half
the size of Earth.
41.
C. The town had flourished, nearing 400 residents, since its establishment
more than a decade earlier in 1566 by Pedro Menendez de Aviles who had
founded La Florida and St. Augustine the year before.
42.
A. But beginning in the 1990s, foreign aid had begun to slowly improve.
43. V1:
C. Traditionally, the sharps (black keys) were made from ebony and the
flats (white keys) were covered with strips of ivory.
V2:
D. Black keys were traditionally made of ebony, and the white keys were
covered with strips of ivory.
44.
A. Researchers have developed a system that can 3-D print the basic
structure of an entire building.
B. Structure built with this system could be produced faster and less
expensively than traditional construction methods allow.
C. Even the internal structure could be modified in new ways; different
materials could be incorporated as the process goes along.
D. Ultimately, the scientist say, this approach could enable the design and
the construction of new buildings that would not be feasible with
traditional building methods.
45.
C. In 1813 The ‘Puffing Billy’ was built by William Hedley to pull coal
wagons at the Wylam
Colliery in Northumberland.
46.
E. All this must be weighed up by the New York state legislature in 2009,
when mayoral control is up for renewal—or scrapping.
47.
A. The town of Liberal is said to have been named for an early settler
famous among travelers for being free with drinking water.
48.
A. Karl Marx is arguably the most of the most famous political philosopher
of all time, but he was also one of the great foreign correspondents of the
nineteenth century.
B. During his 11 years writing for the New York Tribune – their
collaboration began in 1852 – Marx tackled an abundance of topics, from
issues of class and the state to world affairs.
49.
A. The top executives of the large, mature, publicly held companies hold
the conventional view when they stop to think of the equity owners’
welfare.
B. They assume that they’re using their shareholders’ resources efficiently
if the company’s performance - especially ROE and earnings per share - is
good and if the shareholders don’t rebel.
50.
51.
B. But in the year of our arrival, after a parching summer, the rains had
lasted for only three weeks.
C. As a result dust was everywhere and the city’s trees and flowers all
looked as if they had been lightly sprinkled with talcum powder.
D. Nevertheless, the air was still sticky with damp-heat, and it was in a
cloud of perspiration that we began to unpack.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
A. Several years ago, senior executives from Procter & Gamble and Wal-
Mart met for two days
A. If Karl Marx was alive today, he would say that television is the opiate
of the people.
B. Marx thought that religion was the opiate, because it soothed people’s
pain and suffering and prevented them from rising in rebellion.
D. If you are used to having your stimulation come in from outside, your
mind never develops its own habits of thinking and reflecting.
58.
59.
A. Even as Indians leftists think Bill Clinton is coming to take over India,
Indian companies are preparing to take over American ones on a
gargantuan scale
B. Infosys and Wipro, our two most glamorous infotech companies, both
want automatic permission from FIPB to take over foreign companies
worth - hold your breath - $ 15 billion each
C. To put this in perspective, recall that when Chandan sold his Parle
brands to Coca-Cola amidst much swadeshi wringing of hands, he got a
reported Rs 200 crore
61.
62.
A. The Japanese are very efficient and such concepts as "just in time" are
a witness to their efficiency
63.
64.
65.
A. When the RBI governor came to inaugurate the new printing press, the
local unit of the BJP handed him a gift wrapped box
B. The unsuspecting governor opened the box in full view of the gathering
C. What came out was very large garland made out of currency notes
D. There was a twist – the notes were all as tattered as notes could get
66.
D. Reread with the idea that you are measuring what you have gained
from the process.
67.
68.
B. How many times have you heard experts, politicians and the finance
minister refer to the implementation of the pay hikes following the
commission's report as the singular cause for the increase in government
expenditure
C. They argue that it is this, which has led to the bankruptcy in many
states
69.
70.
C. There had already been some legislation to prevent such abuses such
as various Factory Acts to prevent the exploitation of child workers, or
Acts designed to prevent manufacturers from adulterating bread.
D. Mill was able to see an expanded role for the State in such legislation
to protect us against powerful interests.
E. He was able to argue that the State was the only organ that was
genuinely capable of responding to social needs and social interests,
unlike markets.
71.
B. “It’s about how we’re all so affected by the harbor and its surrounds,
how special it is to all of us and how it moves us,” said the Welcome to
Country’s creative director, Rhoda Roberts.
C. From 8:40pm, the bridge will be turned into a canvas showing the
Welcome to Country ceremony.
D. Fireworks and special effects will also turn the bridge into a giant
Aboriginal flag before the 9pm fireworks display.
72.
D. But the issues themselves are not new and have historical roots that
go much deeper than have been acknowledged.
73.
74.
D. In the United States, Lake Erie was dead. In Europe, the Rhine was on
fire. In Japan, people were dying of mercury poisoning.
75.
B. In the beginning, Britain and France were hopeful that Poland should
be able to defend her borders.
D. They lacked compact defence lines and additionally their supply line
were also poorly protected.
1. Music
Music was as important to the ancient Egyptians as it is in our modern
society. Although it is thought that music played a role throughout the
history of Egypt, those that study the Egyptian writings have discovered
that music seemed to become more important in what is called the
‘pharaonic’ period of their history. This was the time when the Egyptian
dynasties of the pharaohs were established (around 3100 BCE) and
music was found in many parts of every day Egyptian life.
2. City attract investments
One city will start to attract the majority of public and/or private
investment. This could be due to natural advantage or political decisions.
This in turn will stimulate further investment due to the multiplier effect
and significant rural to urban migration. The investment in this city will
be at the expense of other cities.
3. Shark
That’s not the original question: Shark bite numbers grew steadily over
the past century as humans reproduced exponentially and spent more
time at the seashore. But the numbers have remained unvaried over the
past five years as overfishing thinned the shark population near shore
and swimmers learned about the risks of wading into certain areas.
Version 2
Down the road, the study authors write, a better understanding of sharks
personalities
may help scientists learn more about what drives their choice of things
like prey and habitat. Some sharks are shy, and some are outgoing some
are adventurous, and some
prefer to stick close to what they know, information that could prove
useful in making
sense of larger species-wide behavior patterns.
Sharks killed four people and injured 58 others around the world in 2006,
a comparatively dull year for dangerous encounters between the two
species.
Shark bite numbers grew steadily over the last century as humans
reproduced exponentially and spent more time at the seashore. But the
numbers have been flat/stabilised over the past five years as
overfishing thinned the shark population near shore and swimmers have
learned about the risks of wading into certain areas, Burgess said.
4. Walt Disney World
Walt Disney World has become a pilgrimage site partly because of the
luminosity of its cross-cultural and marketing and partly because its
utopian aspects appeal powerfully to real needs in the capitalist society.
Disney’s marketing is unique because it captured the symbolic essence of
childhood but the company has gained access to all public
communication media. Movies, television shows, comic books,
dolls, apparels, and educational film strips all point to the parks and
each other.
5. Stress knows few borders
Stress that tense feeling often connected to having too much to do, too
many bill to pay and not enough time or money is a common emotion
that knows few borders. About three-fourths of people in the United
States, Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Italy South Korea and the
United Kingdom say they experience stress on a daily basis, according to
a polling. The anxious feelings are even more intense during the
holidays. Germans feel stress more intensely than those in other
countries polled. People in the US cite financial pressure as the top worry.
About half the people in Britain said they frequently or sometimes felt life
was beyond their control, the highest level in the 10 countries surveyed.
6. Impressionist painters
Impressionist painters were considered radical in their time because they
broke many of the rules of picture-making set by earlier generations.
They found many of their subjects in life around them rather than in
history, which was then the accepted source of subject matter.
7. Alaska
Alaska's Aleutian Islands have long been accustomed to shipwrecks. They
have been part of local consciousness since a Japanese whaling ship ran
aground near the western end of the 1,100-mile (1,800-km) volcanic
archipelago in 1780, inadvertently naming what is now Rat Island when
the ship's infestation scurried ashore and made itself at home. Since
then, there have been at least 190 shipwrecks in the islands.
8. Live away from home
For many first-year students, the University may be their first experience
living away from home for an extended period of time. It is a definite
break from home. In my point of view this is the best thing that you can
do. I know you have to fend for yourself, cook and clean after yourself,
basically look after yourself without your parents but the truth is — some
time in your life you are going to have to part with lovely Mummy and
Daddy. But they are only just a phone call away and it is really good to
have some quality time without them. The first few weeks can be a
lonely period. There may be concerns about forming friendship. When
new students look around, it may seem that everyone else is self-
confident and socially successful! The reality is that everyone is having
the same concerns.
Increased personal freedom can feel both wonderful and frightening.
Students can come and go as they choose with no one to “hassle” them.
The strange environment with new kinds of procedures and new people
can create the sense of being on an emotional roller coaster. This is
normal and to be expected. You meet so many more people in the halls
than if you stayed at home. The main points about living away 12 from
home are: no parents! You don’t have to tell them where you’re going,
who you’re going with, what time you'll be coming, why you’re going etc.
etc. You learn various social skills; you have to get along with your
roommates Living with them can present special, sometimes intense,
problems. Negotiating respect of personal property, personal space,
sleep, and relaxation needs, can be a complex task. The complexity
increases when roommates are of different backgrounds with very
different values. It is unrealistic to expect that roommates will be best
friends. Meaningful, new relationships should not be expected to develop
overnight. It took a great deal of time to develop intimacy in high school
friendships; the same will be true of intimacy in university friendships.
You have a phone! So if you ever get homesick or miss you Mummy then
she’s always at the end of a phone-line for you —and so are your friends.
9. E-learning
Remember when universities were bursting at the seams with students
sitting in the aisles, balancing books on their knees? No more, it seems.
E-learning is as likely to stand for empty lecture theatres as for the
internet revolution, which has greatly increased the volume and range
of course materials available online in the past five years." The
temptation now is to simply think, 'Everything will be online so I don't
need to go to class'," said Dr Kerri-Lee Krause, of the Centre for the
Study of Higher Education at the University of Melbourne. The nation's
universities are in the process of opening the doors for the new academic
year and, while classes are generally well attended for the early weeks,
it often does not last." There is concern at the university level about
student attendance dropping and why students are not coming to
lectures," Dr Krause said. But lecturers’ pride - and fierce competition
among universities for students - mean few are willing to acknowledge
publicly how poorly attended many classes are.
10. Wolves and woody plants
52.
53.
54.
A Dog may be man's best friend. But man is not always a dog's. Over the
centuries selective breeding has pulled at the canine body shape to
produce what is often a grotesque distortion of the underlying wolf.
Indeed, some of these distortions are, when found in people, regarded as
pathologies. Dog breeding does, though, offer a chance to those who
would like to understand how body shape is controlled. The ancestry of
pedigree pooches is well recorded, their generation time is short and their
litter size reasonably large, so there is plenty of material to work with.
Moreover, breeds are, by definition, inbred, and this simplifies genetic
analysis. Those such as Elaine Ostrander, of America's National Human
Genome Research Institute, who wish to identify the genetic basis of the
features of particular pedigrees thus have an ideal experimental animal.
55.
56.
58.
59.
60.
Leonard Lauder, chief executive of the company his mother founded, says
she always thought she "was growing a nice little business." And that it is.
A little business that controls 45% of the cosmetics market in U.S.
department stores. A little business that sells in 118 countries and last
year grew to be $3.6 billion big in sales. The Lauder family's shares are
worth more than $6 billion. But early on, there wasn't a burgeoning
business, there weren't houses in New York, Palm Beach, Fla., or the
south of France. It is said that at one point there was one person to
answer the telephones who changed her voice to become the shipping or
billing department as needed. You more or less know the Estée Lauder
story because it's a chapter from the book of American business folklore.
In short, Josephine Esther Mentzer, daughter of immigrants, lived above
her father's hardware store in Corona, a section of Queens in New York
City.
61.
62.
63.
The last tourists may have been leaving the Valley of the Kings on the
West Bank in Luxor but the area in front of the tomb of Tutankhamun
remained far from deserted. Instead of the tranquillity that usually
descends on the area in the evening it was a hive of activity. TV crew’s
trailed masses of equipment, journalists milled and photographers held
their cameras at the ready. The reason? For the first time since Howard
Carter discovered the tomb in 1922 the mummy of Tutankhamun was
being prepared for public display. Inside the subterranean burial chamber
Egypt's archaeology supremo Zahi Hawass, accompanied by four
Egyptologists, two restorers and three workmen, were slowly lifting the
mummy from the golden sarcophagus where it has been rested -- mostly
undisturbed – for more than 3,000 years. The body was then placed on a
wooden stretcher and `transported to its new home, a high- tech,
climate-controlled plexi-glass showcase located in the outer chamber of
the tomb where, covered in linen, with only the face and feet exposed, it
now greets visitors.
64.
65.
Legal deposit has existed in English law since 1662. It helps to ensure
that the nation’s published output (and thereby its intellectual record
and future published heritage) is collected systematically, to preserve
the material for the use of future generations and to make it available for
readers within the designated legal deposit libraries. The legal deposit
system also has benefits for authors and publishers: • Deposited
publications are made available to users of the deposit libraries on their
premises, are preserved for the benefit of future generations, and become
part of the nation’s heritage. • Publications are recorded in the online
catalogues, and become an essential research resource for generations
to come.
66.
In these distant times the sun was seen to make its daily journey across
the sky. At night the moon appeared. Every new night the moon waxed or
waned a little and on a few nights it did not appear at all. At night the
great dome of the heavens was dotted with tiny specks of light. They
became known as the stars. It was thought that every star in the
heavens had its own purpose and that the secrets of the universe could
be discovered by making a study of them. It was well known that there
were wandering stars, they appeared in different nightly positions against
their neighbors and they became known as planets. It took centuries, in
fact it took millennia, for man to determine the true nature of these
wandering stars and to evolve a model of the world to accommodate
them and to predict their positions in the sky.
67.
68.
Stars and the material between them are almost always found in gigantic
stellar systems called galaxies. Our own galaxy, the Milky Way System,
happens to be one of the two largest systems in the Local Group of two
dozen or so galaxies. The other is the Andromeda galaxy; it stretches
more than one hundred thousand light-years from one end to the other,
and it is located about two million light-years distant from us.
69.
70.
Team Lab's digital mural at the entrance to Tokyo’s Skytree, one of the
world’s monster skyscrapers, is 40 metres long and immensely detailed
but however massive this form of digital art becomes -and it's a form
subject to rampant inflation--Inoko's theories about seeing are based on
more modest and often pre-digital sources. An early devotee of comic
books and cartoons (no surprises there), then computer games, he
recognized when he started to look at traditional Japanese art that all
those forms had something in common: something about the way they
captured space. In his discipline of physics, Inoko had been taught that
photographic lenses, along with the conventions of western art were the
logical way of transforming three dimensions into two, conveying the real
world on to a flat surface. But Japanese traditions employed “a different
spatial logic”, as he said in an interview last year with j-collabo.org that is
“uniquely Japanese”.
71. Gallery of Canada
An exhibit that brings together for the first time landscapes painted by
French impressionist Pierre-Auguste Renoir comes to the National Gallery
of Canada this June. The gallery in Ottawa worked with the National
Gallery of London and the Philadelphia Museum of Art to pull together the
collection of 60 Renoir paintings from 45 public and private collections.
72. Seminars
Walt Disney World has become a pilgrimage site partly because of the
luminosity of its cross—cultural and marketing and partly because its
utopian aspects appeal powerfully to real needs in the capitalist society.
Disney's marketing is unique because it captured the symbolic essence of
childhood but the company has gained access to all public communication
media. Movies, television shows, comic books, dolls, apparels, and
educational film strips all point to the parks and each other.
Reading MCQS (BOTH SINGLE AND MULTIPLE ANSWERS)
1. Spain Terrain
Question: Which of the following words in the passages have the same
meaning at residences?
A. Adobes
B. amenities
C. connections
D. dwellings
E. habitations
F. hillsides
G. terrain
Answer:
A, B, E
2.
Schools The Turks and Caicos Islands are a multi-island archipelago at the
southern tip of the Bahamas chain, approximately 550 miles south-east of
Florida. The islands are an overseas territory of the United Kingdom
although they exercise a high degree of local political autonomy. The
economy of the islands rests mainly on tourism, with some contribution
from offshore banking and fishing. Primary schooling is divided into eight
grades, with most pupils entering at the age of four years and leaving at
twelve. After two kindergarten years, Grades 1-6 are covered by a graded
curriculum in maths, language and science that increases in difficulty as
pupils get older. There is little repetition and pupils are expected to
progress through primary school in their age cohorts. At the end of
primary schooling, pupils sit an examination that serves to stream them
in the secondary setting. Primary and secondary school enrolment is
virtually universal. There are a total of ten government primary schools
on the islands. Of these, seven are large enough to organize pupils into
single grade classrooms. Pupils in these schools are generally grouped by
age into mixed-ability classes. The remaining three schools, because of
their small pupil numbers, operate with multigrade groupings. They serve
communities with small populations whose children cannot travel to a
neighboring larger primary school. Pupils in these classes span up to
three grade and age groups. As far as classroom organization is
concerned, the multigrade and monograde classrooms are similar in
terms of the number of pupils and the general seating arrangements, with
pupils in rows facing the blackboard. There is no evidence that the
multigrade teachers operate in a particularly resource-poor environment
in the Turks and Caicos Islands. This is in contract to studies conducted in
other developing country contexts.
Answer: E and D
3.
Mount Everest The actual particulars of the event are unclear, obscured
by the accretion of myth. But the year was 1852, and the setting was the
office of the Great Trigonometrical Survey of India in the northern hill
station of Debra Dun. According to the most plausible version of what
transpired, a clerk rushed into the chambers of Sir Andrew Waugh, India's
surveyor general, and exclaimed that a Bengali computer named
Radhanath Sikhdar, working out of the Survey's Calcutta bureau, had
'discovered the highest mountain in the world.' (In Waugh's day a
computer was a job description rather than a machine.) Designated Peak
XV by surveyors in the field who'd first measured the angle of its rise with
a twenty-four-inch theodolite three years earlier, the mountain in
question jutted from the spine of the Himalaya in the forbidden kingdom
of Nepal.
Until Sikhdar compiled the survey data and did the math, nobody had
suspected that there was anything noteworthy about Peak XV. The six
survey sites from which the summit had been triangulated were in
northern India, more than a hundred miles from the mountain. To the
surveyors who shot it, all but the summit nub of Peak XV several was
obscured by various high escarpments in the foreground, of which gave
the illusion of being much greater in stature. But according to Sikhdar's
meticulous trigonometric reckoning (which took curvature of the earth,
atmospheric reinto account such factors as fraction, and plumb-line
deflection) Peak XV stood 29,002* feet above sea level, the planet's
loftiest point.
Answer: A, D
The essay describes the status of female has experienced major shift
since 19th century, they are less willing to raise as many children as they
used to. There are a significant proportion of women getting married later
in their lives or never get married at all, some of them obtain successful
careers, such as work as academics or become novelists.
5. Jupiter
Jupiter has 2-1/2 times more mass as compared to all other planets put
together. Besides, its diameter is 11 times more than Earth's diameter.
Because of its size, the scientists were also forced into believing that it
became a star. Gasses and dust contracted to build the planet and
immense pressure was created by the gravitational forces along with tens
of thousands of degrees of temperature. However, unlike the Sun, the
unavailability of sufficient mass required to create the temperature which
can initiate fusion reaction, Jupiter relatively got cooler over a period of
time.
Answer: D
6. John Robertson
Question: What does the reader of this text learn about John Robertson?
The artists were not a rich man's frivolous addition to his entourage but
an essential part of a scientific team in the age before photography. Their
principal task was to draw the specimens that the scientists collected.
Although the naturalists, such as Banks, intended to preserve some of
their specimens and take them home to England, it would not be practical
to do so with all of them. Banks also expected to dissect certain animals,
and the artists would preserve a record of this work. In addition to their
scientific drawings, Banks wanted the artists to sketch the people and
places they visited.
Answer: C
Every day millions of lights and computers are left on in deserted offices,
apartments and houses. Environmental activists say that simply switching
them off could cut Sydney's greenhouse gas emissions by five percent
over the next year. Per capita, Australia is one of the world's largest
producers of carbon dioxide and other gases that many scientists believe
are helping to warm the Earth's atmosphere, causing climate upset. A
long-standing drought and serious water shortages in Australia have
focused much attention on climate change. Some experts warn higher
temperatures could leave this nation of 20 million people at the mercy of
more severe droughts and devastating tropical cyclones.
A. Gas emissions
B. Environmental activists
C. Carbon dioxide
D. Drought
Answer: A
9.
Answer: B, D, G
10.
Naval architects never claim that a ship is unsinkable, but the sinking of
the passenger-and-car ferry Estonia in the Baltic surely should have never
have happened. It was well designed and carefully maintained. It carried
the proper number of lifeboats. It had been thoroughly inspected the day
of its fatal voyage. Yet hours later, the Estonia rolled over and sank in a
cold, stormy night. It went down so quickly that most of those on board,
caught in their dark, flooding cabins, had no chance to save themselves:
Of those who managed to scramble overboard, only 139 survived. The
rest died of hypothermia before the rescuers could pluck them from the
cold sea. The final death toll amounted to 912 souls. However, there were
an unpleasant number of questions about why the Estonia sank and why
so many survivors were men in the prime of life, while most of the dead
were women, children and the elderly.
A. the lifesaving equipment did not work well and lifeboats could not be
lowered
B. most victims were trapped inside the boat as they were in their cabins
C. survivors of the accident were mostly young men but women, children
and the elderly stood little chance
E. 139 people managed to leave the vessel but died in freezing water
Answer: B, C, D
11.
Answer: B, E
12.
Answer: C, F
13.
Dolphins are regarded as the friendliest creatures in the sea and stories of
them helping drowning sailors have been common since Roman times.
The more we learn about dolphins, the more we realize that their society
is more complex than people previously imagined. They look after other
dolphins when they are ill, care for pregnant mothers and protect the
weakest in the community, as we do. Some scientists have suggested
that dolphins have a language but it is much more probable that they
communicate with each other without needing words. Could any of these
mammals be more intelligent than man? Certainly, the most common
argument in favour of man's superiority over them that we can kill them
more easily than they can kill us is the least satisfactory. On the contrary,
the more we discover about these remarkable creatures, the less we
appear superior when we destroy them.
E. dolphins have some social traits that are similar to those of humans
Answer: D, E
14.
You may have heard that tomatoes and processed tomato products like
tomato sauce and canned tomatoes protect against some types of cancer.
The cancer-preventing properties of tomato products have been attributed
to lycopene. It is a bright red pigment found in tomatoes and other red
fruits and is the cause of their red color. Unlike other fruits and
vegetables, where nutritional content such as vitamin C is diminished
upon cooking, processing of tomatoes increases the concentration of
lycopene. Lycopene in tomato paste is four times more than in fresh
tomatoes. This is because lycopene is insoluble in water and is tightly
bound to vegetable fiber. Thus, processed tomato products such as
pasteurized tomato juice, soup, sauce, and ketchup contain the highest
concentrations of lycopene. Cooking and crushing tomatoes as in the
canning process and serving in oil-rich dishes such as spaghetti sauce or
pizza greatly increase assimilation from the digestive tract into the
bloodstream. Lycopene is a fat-soluble substance, so the oil is said to help
absorption to a great extent.
Answer: D, E
15.
The grey wolf also known as the timber wolf or wolf is a mammal of the
order Carnivore. Genetic studies indicate the grey wolf shares a common
ancestry with the domestic dog and might be its ancestor. Many other
grey wolf subspecies have been identified however the actual number of
subspecies is still open to discussion. Though once abundant over much of
North America and areas of Europe and Asia, the grey wolf inhabits a very
small portion of its former range because of the widespread destruction of
its habitat. Gray wolves are highly adaptable and have thrived in forests,
deserts, mountains, tundra and grasslands. They function as social
predators and hunt in packs organized according to strict social
hierarchies. It was originally believed that this comparatively high level of
social organization was related to hunting success, and while this still may
be true to a certain extent, emerging theories suggest that the pack has
less to do with hunting and more to do with reproductive success.
QUESTION: We can understand from the passage that the grey wolf-
Answer: A, E
16.
C. which can't be diagnosed until after the child is three years old
D. that even if the treatment for autism starts early, the child doesn't
have any chance to recover completely
Answer: A, D
17.
Answer: A, B, C
18.
QUESTION: It can be understood from the passage that the physical features of the
Emperor Penguins-
B. let them stay alive in one of the harshest climatic conditions of the
world
D. makes them effective against cold weather as they have a thick layer
of blubber and a layer of soft feathers.
Answer: B, D
19.
A. provide oxygen
Answer: A, B, E
20.
A. A measure to compare the value of gold and silver with tin and lead
Answer: B, C
21.
Little is known about the elusive section of the earth’s atmosphere known
as the mesosphere. Located between the stratosphere (the maximum
altitude that airplanes can achieve) and the thermosphere (the minimum
altitude of spacecraft), the mesosphere is poorly understood and little
explored. The most significant feature of the mesosphere is the various
tides and waves that propagate up from the troposphere and
stratosphere. The dissipation of these waves is largely responsible for
propelling the mesosphere around the globe. These wave patterns are
further affected when gas particles in the mesosphere collide with
meteoroids, producing spectacular explosions, which usually generate
enough heat to consume the meteor before it can fall to earth. The
conflagration leaves behind traces of iron and other metals and fuels the
atmospheric tides radiating outward from the mesosphere.
QUESTION: The passage suggests that the mesosphere is influenced by
B. Volcanic eruptions
D. Oceanic tides
Answer: C, D
22.
QUESTION: The passage suggests that Glass's work displays which of the
following qualities?
Answer: B, C
23.
In the UK, travel times to work had been stable for at least six centuries,
with people avoiding situations that required them to spend more than
half an hour travelling to work. Trains and cars initially allowed people to
live at greater distances without taking longer to reach their destination.
However, public infrastructure did not keep pace with urban sprawl,
causing massive congestion problems which now make commuting times
far higher. There is a widespread belief that increasing wealth encourages
people to live farther out where cars are the only viable transport. The
example of European cities refutes that. They are often wealthier than
their American counterparts but have not generated the same level of car
use. In Stockholm, car use has actually fallen in recent years as the city
has become larger and wealthier. A new study makes this point even
more starkly. Developing cities in Asia, such as Jakarta and Bangkok,
make more use of the car than wealthy Asian cities such as Tokyo and
Singapore. In cities that developed later, the World Bank and Asian
Development Bank discouraged the building of public transport and
people have been forced to rely on cars - creating the massive traffic
jams that characterize those cities.
C. Developing cities in Asia have more cars than the developed ones
Answer: C, D
24.
Bullying can take a variety of forms, from the verbal - being taunted or
called hurtful names - to the physical - being kicked or shoved - as well
as indirect forms, such as being excluded from social groups. A survey I
conducted with Irene Whitney found that in British primary schools up to
a quarter of pupils reported experience of bullying, which in about one in
ten cases was persistent. There was less bullying in secondary schools,
with about one in twenty-five suffering persistent bullying, but these
cases may be particularly recalcitrant. Bullying is clearly unpleasant, and
can make the child experiencing it feel unworthy and depressed. In
extreme cases it can even lead to suicide, though this is thankfully rare.
Victimized pupils are more likely to experience difficulties with
interpersonal relationships as adults, while children who persistently bully
are more likely to grow up to be physically violent, and convicted of anti-
social offences. Until recently, not much was known about the topic, and
little help was available to teachers to deal with bullying. Perhaps as a
consequence, schools would often deny the problem. ‘There is no bullying
at this school’ has been a common refrain, almost certainly untrue.
Fortunately, more schools are now saying: ‘There is not much bullying
here, but when it occurs we have a clear policy for dealing with it.’
Answer: B, D
25.
D. The research was conducted during a period between 1979 and 1985
Answer: B, D
26.
Answer: B, E
27.
Unusual incidents are being reported across the Arctic. Inuit families
going off on snowmobiles to prepare their summer hunting camps have
found themselves cut off from home by a sea of mud, following early
thaws. There are reports of igloos losing their insulating properties as the
snow drips and refreezes, of lakes draining into the sea as permafrost
melts, and sea ice breaking up earlier than usual, carrying seals beyond
the reach of hunters. Climate change may still be a rather abstract idea to
most of us, but in the Arctic it is already having dramatic effects- if
summertime ice continues to shrink at its present rate, the Arctic Ocean
could soon become virtually ice-free in summer. The knock-on effects are
likely to include more warming, cloudier skies, increased precipitation and
higher sea levels. Scientists are increasingly keen to find out what’s going
on because they consider the Arctic the ‘canary in the mine’ for global
warming - a warning of what’s in store for the rest of the World. For the
Inuit the problem is urgent. They live in precarious balance with one of
the toughest environments on earth. Climate change, whatever its
causes, is a direct threat to their way of life. Nobody knows the Arctic as
well as the locals, which is why they are not content simply to stand back
and let outside experts tell them what’s happening. In Canada, where the
Inuit people are jealously guarding their hard-won autonomy in the
country’s newest territory, Nunavut, they believe their best hope of
survival in this changing environment lies in combining their ancestral
knowledge with the best of modern science. This is a challenge in itself.
E. More rainfall
F. Tough environment
Answer: B, F
28.
Answer: A, E, F
WRITE FOR DICTATION :
4. The city's founder created a set of rules that became the law.
11. Scientists learned through the observations and the analysis of the
human behavior.
17. There is welcome party for all new students each term.
19. The two variables in the study were very closely correlated.
20. We support to do research in the field of archaeology such as
forecasting and estimation.
23. The results of the study underscored the discoveries from early
detection.
27. Sea levels are expected to rise during the next century.
28. You will acquire new skills during your academic studies.
30. Plants and living things are growing on the land or in water.
41. The artists and conservative politicians earn their rules of critics.
45. The equality has not yet been achieved in this society.
47. Before attending the lecture, you must register online or by post.
53. There was a prize for the best student of the presentation.
54. The new media has transformed the traditional national boundaries.
57. The city's founder created a set of rules that became the law.
59. The marketing budget is doubled since the beginning of the year.
62. Time table about new time will be available next week.
64. Find out how to get your resources before your research.
65. The office opens on Mondays and Thursdays directly follows the
freshman categories.
67. Native speakers are exempt from the language tests in their own
language.
75. The artists and conservative politicians earn their rules of politics.
77. Plants and living things are growing on the land or in water.
81. Commercial necessity was the reason given for the decision.
82. Authoritarian regimes were more common in the past than they are
today.
83. The new law was harder to impose than the government thought.
84. Course work in exam will form part of the annual assessments.
85. The cotton industry purchased all its new cotton from abroad.
86. Political power only disappears when this stage has been completed.
95. New credit cards will soon use the finger press technology.
101. I think space travel will become affordable within the next century.
103. Sales figures for last year were better than expected.
105. Students find true or false questions harder than short answers.
112. We study science to understand and appreciate the world around us.
114. Science library is currently located on the ground floor of the library.
115. Our courses help improve critical thinking and independent learning.
117. Our new medical students must attend the talk about optional
courses/classes.
118. Most of the students have not considered this issue before.
Many people who have written on the subject of allowances say it is not a
good idea to pay your child for work around the home. These jobs are a
normal part of family life. Paying children to do extra work around the
house, however, can be useful. It can even provide an understanding of
how a business works. Allowances give children a chance to experience
the things they can do with money. They can share it in the form of gifts
or giving to a good cause. They can spend it by buying things they want.
Or they can save and maybe even invest it. Saving helps children
understand that costly goals require sacrifice: you have to cut costs and
plan for the future. Requiring children to save part of their allowance can
also open the door to future saving and investing. Many banks offer
services to help children and teenagers learn about personal finance. A
savings account is an excellent way to learn about the power of
compound interest. Interest rates on savings can be very low these days.
But compounding works by paying interest on interest. So, for example,
one dollar invested at two percent interest will earn two cents in the first
year. The second year, the money will earn two percent of one dollar and
two cents, and so on. That may not seem like a lot. But over time it adds
up.
2- Variation in Frogs
In exchange for these services the grasses offer ruminants a plentiful and
exclusive supply of lunch. For cows (like sheep, bison, and other
ruminants) have evolved the special ability to convert grass— which
single-stomached creatures like us can't digest—into high-quality protein.
They can do this because they possess what is surely the most highly
evolved digestive organ in nature: the rumen. About the size of a
medicine ball, the organ is essentially a forty-five-gallon fermentation
tank in which a resident population of bacteria dines on grass.
5. Rosetta Stone
When the Rosetta Stone was discovered in 1799, the carved characters
that covered its surface were quickly copied. Printers ink was applied to
the Stone and whitepaper was laid over it. When the paper was removed,
it revealed an exact copy of the text but in reverse. Since then, many
copies or facsimiles have been made using a variety of materials.
Inevitably, the surface of the Stone accumulated many layers of material
left over from these activities, despite attempts to remove any residue.
Once on display, the grease from many thousands of human hands eager
to touch the Stone added to the problem.
He is the man who has changed the world more than anyone else in the
past hundred years. Sir Tim Berners-Lee may be a mild-mannered
academic who lives modestly in Boston, but as the inventor of the World
Wide Web he is also a revolutionary. He is a scientist who has altered the
way people think as well as the way they live. Since the web went global
20 years ago, the way we shop, listen to music and communicate has
been transformed. There are implications for politics, literature,
economics — even terrorism — because an individual can now have the
same access to information as the elite. Society will never be the same.
The computer scientist from Oxford, who built his own computer from a
television screen and spare parts after he was banned from one of the
university computers, is a cultural guru as much as a technological one.
“It is amazing how far we’ve come,” he says. “But you’re always
wondering what the next is Crazy idea, and working to make sure the
web stays one web and that the internet stays open. There isn’t much
time to sit back and reflect.” He invented the web, he says, because he
was frustrated that he couldn’t find all the information he wanted in one
place. It was an imaginary concept that he realized.
7. Overqualified employees
If your recruiting efforts attract job applicants with too much experience—
a near certainty in this weak labor market—you should consider a
response that runs counter to most hiring managers’ MO: Don’t reject
those applicants out of hand. Instead, take a closer look. New research
shows that overqualified workers tend to perform better than other
employees, and they don’t quit any sooner. Furthermore, a simple
managerial tactic— empowerment—can mitigate any dissatisfaction they
may feel. The prejudice against too-good employees is pervasive.
Companies tend to prefer an applicant who is a “perfect fit” over someone
who brings more intelligence, education, or experience than needed. On
the surface, this bias makes sense: Studies have consistently shown that
employees who consider themselves overqualified exhibit higher levels of
discontent. For example, over qualification correlated well with job
dissatisfaction in a 2008 study of 156 call-center reps by Israeli
researchers Saul Fine and Baruch Nevo. And unlike discrimination based
on age or gender, declining to hire overqualified workers is perfectly legal.
But even before the economic downturn, a surplus of overqualified
candidates was a global problem, particularly in developing economies,
where rising education levels are giving workers more skills than are
needed to supply the growing service sectors. If managers can get
beyond the conventional wisdom, the growing pool of too-good applicants
is a great opportunity. Berrin Erdogan and Talya N. Bauer of Portland
State University in Oregon found that overqualified workers’ feelings of
dissatisfaction can be dissipated by giving them autonomy in decision
making. At stores where employees didn’t feel empowered,
“overeducated” workers expressed greater dissatisfaction than their
colleagues did and were more likely to state an intention to quit. But that
difference vanished where self-reported autonomy was high.
8. PLUG-IN VEHICLE:
Here's a term you're going to hear much more often: plug-in vehicle, and
the acronym PEV. It's what you and many other people will drive to work
in, ten years and more from now. At that time, before you drive off in the
morning you will first unplug your car - your plug-in vehicle. Its big on
board batteries will have been fully charged overnight, with enough power
for you to drive 50-100 kilometers through city traffic. When you arrive at
work you'll plug in your car once again, this time into a socket that allows
power to flow form your car's batteries to the electricity grid. One of the
things you did when you bought your car was to sign a contract with your
favorite electricity supplier, allowing them to draw a limited amount of
power from your car's batteries should they need to, perhaps because of
a blackout, or very high wholesale spot power prices. The price you get
for the power the distributor buys from your car would not only be most
attractive to you, it would be a good deal for them too, their alternative
being very expensive power form peaking stations. If, driving home or for
some other reason your batteries looked like running flat, a relatively
small, but quiet and efficient engine running on petrol, diesel or
compressed natural gas, even biofuel, would automatically cut in, driving
a generator that supplied the batteries so you could complete your
journey. Concerns over 'peak oil', increasing greenhouse gas emissions,
and the likelihood that by the middle of this century there could be five
times as many motor vehicles registered world-wide as there are now,
mean that the world's almost total dependence on petroleum-based fuels
for transport is, in every sense of the word, unsustainable.
9. AMERICAN ENGLISH
American English is, without doubt, the most influential and powerful
variety of English in the world today. There are many reasons for this.
First, the United States is, at present, the most powerful nation on earth
and such power always brings with it influence. Indeed, the distinction
between a dialect and a language has frequently been made by reference
to power. As has been said, a language is a dialect with an army. Second,
America’s political influence is extended through American popular
culture, in particular through the international reach of American films
(movies, of course) and music. As Kahane has pointed out, the
internationally dominant position of a culture results in a forceful
expansion of its language… the expansion of language contributes… to the
prestige of the culture behind it. Third, the international prominence of
American English is closely associated with the extraordinarily quick
development of communications technology. Microsoft is owned by an
American, Bill Gates. This means a computer’s default setting for
language is American English, although of course this can be changed to
suit one’s own circumstances. In short, the increased influence of
American English is caused by political power and the resultant diffusion
of American culture and media, technological advance, and the rapid
development of communications technology.
10. COLUMBUS
What makes teaching online unique is that it uses the internet, especially
the World Wide Web, as the primary means of communication. Thus,
when you teach online, you don’t have to be someplace to teach. You
don’t have to lug your briefcase full of paper or your laptop to a
classroom, stand at a lectern, scribble on a chalkboard (or even use your
high-tech, interactive classroom “smart” whiteboard), or grade papers in
a stuffy room while your students take a test. You don’t even have to sit
in your office waiting for students to show up for conferences. You can
hold “office hours” on weekends or at night after dinner. You can do all
this while living in a small town in Wyoming or a big city like Bangkok,
even if you are working for a college whose administrative office is
located in Florida or Dubai. You can attend an important conference in
Hawaii on the same day you teach your class in New Jersey, logging on
from your laptop via the local café’s wireless hotspot or your hotel room’s
high-speed network. Or you may simply pull out your smartphone to
quickly check on the latest postings, email, or text messages from
students. Online learning offers more freedom for students as well. They
can search for courses using the Web, scouring their institution or even
the world for programs, classes, and instructors that fit their needs.
Having found an appropriate course, they can enrol and register, shop for
their books, read articles, listen to lectures, submit their homework
assignments, confer with their instructors, and receive their final grades-
all online. They can assemble virtual classrooms, joining other students
from diverse geographical locales, foraging bonds and friendships not
possible in conventional classrooms, which are usually limited to students
from a specific geographical area.
A miner in the state of Chiapas found a tiny tree frog that has been
preserved in amber for 25 million years, a researcher said. If
authenticated, the preserved frog would be the first of its kind found in
Mexico, according to David Grimaldi, a biologist and curator at the
American Museum of Natural History, who was not involved in the find.
The chunk of amber containing the frog, less than half an inch long, was
uncovered by a miner in Mexico’s southern Chiapas state in 2005 and was
bought by a private collector, who loaned it to scientists for study. A few
other preserved frogs have been found in chunks of amber — a stone
formed by ancient tree sap mostly in the Dominican Republic. Like those,
the frog found in Chiapas appears to be of the genus Craugastor, whose
descendants still inhabit the region, said biologist Gerardo Carbot of the
Chiapas Natural History and Ecology Institute. Carbot announced the
discovery this week. The scientist said the frog lived about 25 million
years ago, based on the geological strata where the amber was found.
Carbot would like to extract a sample from the frog’s remains in hopes of
finding DNA that could identify the particular species but doubts the
owner would let him drill into the stone.
14. Ageing world
We live in an ageing world. While this has been recognized for some time
in developed countries, it is only recently that this phenomenon has been
fully acknowledged. Global communication is “shrinking” the world, and
global ageing is “maturing” it. The increasing presence of older persons in
the world is making people of all ages more aware that we live in a
diverse and multigenerational society. It is no longer possible to ignore
ageing, regardless of whether one views it positively or negatively.
Demographers note that if current trends in ageing continue as predicted,
a demographic revolution, wherein the proportions of the young and the
old will undergo a historic crossover, will be felt in just three generations.
This portrait of change in the world’s population parallels the magnitude
of the industrial revolution traditionally considered the most significant
social and economic breakthrough in the history of humankind since the
Neolithic period. It marked beginning of a sustained movement towards
modern economic growth in much the same way that globalization is
today marking an unprecedented and sustained movement toward a
“global culture”. The demographic revolution, it is envisaged, will be at
powerful.
While the future effects are not known, a likely scenario is one where both
the challenges as well as the opportunities will emerge from a vessel into
which exploration and research, dialogue and debate are poured.
Challenges arise as social and economic structures try to adjust to the
simultaneous phenomenon of diminishing young cohorts with rising older
ones, and opportunities present themselves in the sheer number of older
individuals and the vast resources societies stand to again from their
contribution.
This ageing of the population permeates all social, economic and cultural
spheres. Revolutionary change calls for new, revolutionary thinking, which
can position policy formulation and implementation on sounder footing. In
our ageing world, new thinking requires that we view ageing as a lifelong
and older person.
American employees are paid $300 a year to sleep fame than seven hours
per night and they can record their sleep manually or through an
automatic wrist monitor, as sleeping affects daytime performance by
influencing employees’ alertness, which diminish productivity and leads to
financial loss accumulated to $63 Z billion a year, and similar policies
adopted to encourage people taking exercise.
16. Armed Police in NSW schools
Armed police have been brought into NSW schools to reduce crime rates
and educate students.
The 40 School Liaison Police(SLP) officers have been allocated to public
and private high schools across the state.
Organizers say the officers, who began work last week, will build positive
relationships between police and students. But parent groups waned of
potential dangers of armed police working at schools in communities
where police relations were already under strain.
Among their duties, the SLPs will conduct crime prevention workshops,
talking to students about issues including shoplifting, offensive behaviour,
graffiti and drugs and alcohol. They can also advise school principals. One
SLP, Constable Ben Purvis, began work in the inner Sydney region last
week, including at Alexandria Park Community School’s senior campus.
Previously stationed as a crime prevention officer at The Rocks, he now
has 27 schools under his jurisdiction in areas including The Rocks,
Redfern and Kings Cross.
Constable Purvis said the full–time position would see him working on the
broader issues of crime prevention. “I am not a security guard,” he said.
“I am not there to patrol the school. We want to improve relationships
between police and schoolchildren, to have positive interaction. We are
coming to the school and giving them knowledge to improve their own
safety.” The use of fake ID among older students is among the issues he
was already discussed with principals. Parents ‘groups responded to the
program positively, but said it may spark a range of community reactions.
“It is a good thing and an innovative idea and there could be some
positive benefits,” Council of Catholic School Parents executive officer
Danielle Cronin said. “Different communities will respond to this kind of
presence in different ways.”
20. Autism
23. Cities
How can we design great cities from scratch if we cannot agree on what
makes them great ?None of the cities where people most want to live
such as London, New York ,Paris and Hong Kong comes near to being at
the top of surveys asking which are best to live in.
The top three in the most recent Economist Intelligence Units liveability
ranking, for example, were Melbourne, Vancouver and Vienna. They are
all perfectly pleasant, but great? The first question to tackle is the
difference between liveability and greatness.
Perhaps we cannot aspire to make a great city, but if we attempt to make
a liveable one, can it in time become great ?
There are some fundamental elements that you need. The first is public
space. Whether it is Viennas Ringstrasse and Prater Park, or the beaches
of Melbourne and Vancouver, these are places that allow the city to pause
and the citizens to mingle and to breathe, regardless of class or wealth.
Good cities also seem to be close to nature, and all three have easy
access to varied, wonderful landscapes and topographies.
A second crucial factor, says Ricky Burdett, a professor of urban studies
at the London School of Economics, is a good transport system.
Affordable public transport is the one thing which cuts across all
successful cities, he says.
24. Columbus
27. Diasporas
Diasporas -communities which live outside, but maintain links with, their
homelands-aee getting larger, thicker and stronger. They are the human
face of globalization. Diaspora consciousness is on the rise: diasporas are
becoming more interested in their origin, and organizing themselves more
effectively; homelands are revising their opinions of their diasporas as the
stigma attached to emigration declines, and stepping up their
engagement efforts; meanwhile, host countries are witnessing more
assertive diasporic groups within their own national communities,
worrying about fifth columns and foreign lobbies, and suffering outbreaks
of ‘diasporaphobia.’i
This trend is the result of five factors, all of them connected with
globalization: the growth in international migration; the revolution in
transport and communications technology, which is quickening the pace
of diasporas’ interactions with their homelands; a reaction against global
homogenized culture, which is leading people to rethink their identities;
the end of the Cold War, which increased the salience of ethnicity and
nationalism and created new space in which diasporas can operate; and
policy changes by national governments on issues such as dual citizenship
and multiculturalism, which are enabling people to lead transnational
lives. Diasporas such as those attaching to China, India, Russia and
Mexico are already big, but they will continue to grow, the migration flows
which feed them are likely to widen and quicken in the future.
All non-human animals are constrained by the tools that nature has
bequeathed them through natural selection. They are not capable of
striving towards truth; they simply absorb information, and behave in
ways useful for their survival. The kinds of knowledge they require of the
world have been largely pre-selected by evolution. No animal is capable of
asking question or generating problems that are irrelevant to its
immediate circumstances or its evolutionarily designed needs. When a
beaver builds a dam, it doesn’t ask itself why it does so, or whether there
is a better way of doing it. When a swallow flies south, it doesn’t wonder
why it is hotter in Africa or what would happen if it flew still further south.
Humans do ask themselves these and many other kinds of questions,
questions that have no relevance, indeed make little sense, in the context
of evolved needs and goals. What marks out humans is our capacity to go
beyond our naturally defined goals such as the need to find food, shelter
or a mate and to establish human created goals.
Some contemporary thinkers believe that there are indeed certain
questions that humans are incapable of answering because of our evolved
nature. Steven Pinker, for instance, argues that “Our minds evolved by
natural selection to solve problems that were life and death matters to
our ancestors, not to commune with connectness or to answer any
question we are capable of asking. We cannot hold ten thousand words in
our short term memory. We cannot see ultra violet light. We cannot
mentally rotate an object in the fourth dimension. And perhaps we cannot
solve conundrums like free will and sentience.”
30. Labour comparative advantage
I knew it was a good idea because I had been there before. Born and
reared on a farm I had been seduced for a few years by the idea of being
a big shot who lived and worked in a city rather than only going for the
day to wave at the buses. True, I was familiar with some of the minor
disadvantages of country living such as an iffy private water supply
sometimes infiltrated by a range of Flora and fauna including, on one
memorable occasion, a dead lamb, the absence of central heating in farm
houses and cottages and a single-track farm road easily blocked by snow,
broken-down machinery or escaped livestock.
But there were many advantages as I told Liz back in the mid-Seventies.
Town born and bred, eight months pregnant and exchanging a warm,
substantial Corstorphine terrace for a windswept farm cottage on a much
lower income, persuading her that country had it over town might have
been difficult.
32. London
Who would have thought back in 1698, as they downed their espressos,
that the little band of stockbrokers from Jonathan’s Coffee House in
Change Alley EC3 would be the founder members of what would become
the world’s mighty money capital?
Progress was not entirely smooth. The South Sea Bubble burst in 1720
and the coffee house exchanges burned down in 1748. As late as Big
bang in 1986, when bowler hats were finally hung up, you wouldn’t have
bet the farm on London surpassing New York, Frankfurt and Tokyo as
Mammon’s international nexus. Yet the 325,000 souls who operate in the
UK capital’s hub have now overtaken their New York rivals in size of the
funds managed (including offshore business); they hold 70% of the global
secondary bond market and the City dominates foreign exchange trading.
And its institutions paid out £9 billion in bonuses in December. The
Square Mile has now spread both eastwards from EC3 to Canary Wharf
and westwards into Mayfair, where many of the private equity ‘locusts’
and their hedge fund pals now hang out.
For foreigners in finance, London is the place to be. It has no Sarbanes
Oxley and no euro to hold it back, yet the fact that it still flies so high is
against the odds. London is one of the most expensive cities in the world
to live in, transport systems groan and there’s an ever present threat of
terrorist attack. But, for the time being, the deals just keep on getting
bigger.
33. Malaysia
When the Rosetta Stone was discovered in 1799, the carved characters
that covered its surface were quickly copied. Printers ink was applied to
the Stone and white paper was laid over it. When the paper was removed,
it revealed an exact copy of the text but in reverse. Since then, many
copies or facsimiles have been made using a variety of materials.
Inevitably, the surface of the Stone accumulated many layers of material
left over from these activities, despite attempts to remove any residue.
Once on display, the grease from many thousands of human hands eager
to touch the Stone added to the problem.
An opportunity for investigation and cleaning the Rosetta Stone arose
when this famous object was made the centre piece of the Cracking
Codes exhibition at The British Museum in 1999. When work commenced
to remove all but the original, ancient material, the stone was black with
white lettering. As treatment progressed, the different substances
uncovered were analysed. Grease from human handling, a coating of
carnauba wax from the early 1800s and printers ink from 1799 were
cleaned away using cotton wool swabs and liniment of soap, white spirit,
acetone and purified water. Finally, white paint in the text, applied in
1981, which had been left in place until now as a protective coating, was
removed with cotton swabs and purified water. A small square at the
bottom left corner of the face of the Stone was left untouched to show the
darkened wax and the white infill.
35. Tree ring
36. Twins
UCLA neurology professor Paul Thompson and his colleagues scanned the
brains of 23 sets of identical twins and 23 sets of fraternal twins. Since
identical twins share the same genes while fraternal twins share about
half their genes, the researchers were able to compare each group to
show that myelin integrity was determined genetically in many parts of
the brain that are key for intelligence. These include the parietal lobes,
which are responsible for spatial reasoning, visual processing and logic,
and the corpus callosum, which pulls together information from both sides
of the body.
The researchers used a faster version of a type of scanner called a HARDI
(high-angular resolution diffusion imaging) — think of an MRI machine on
steroids — that takes scans of the brain at a much higher resolution than
a standard MRI. While an MRI scan shows the volume of different tissues
in the brain by measuring the amount of water present, HARDI tracks
how water diffuses through the brain’s white matter — a way to measure
the quality of its myelin.
“HARDI measures water diffusion,” said Thompson, who is also a member
of the UCLA Laboratory of Neuro-Imaging. “If the water diffuses rapidly in
a specific direction, it tells us that the brain has very fast connections. If it
diffuses more broadly, that’s an indication of slower signalling, and lower
intelligence.”
Essay:
5. How widely of you think the problem spreads that people spend too
much time on work than their personal life and experience time shortage?
What problems will it cause?
8. Study needs time, peace and comfort, whereas employment needs the
same thing. Someone says it is impossible to combine those two because
one distracts one another. Do you think this is realistic in our life today?
To what extent do you agree with it? Support your opinion with example.
10. Do you think cashless society is realistic and why? What are the
advantages and disadvantages? (use of credit card)
11. Governments and international institution are faced with many global
problems. What these problems could be? Measure?
12. Works of literatures are a waste of time for students today. Do you
agree or disagree? Use your own experience.
14. Young people should not do things like driving or voting. Young
people under 25 years old are not responsible enough and lack of life
experiences. Discuss and give your opinion with examples.
15. City population has been growing rapidly. To cope with this problem,
should we rely on city planners or new policies?
16. Internet or media is bad for young people because they make the
young generation poor in communication and forming relationships. Do
you agree with this opinion? Please use examples or your personal
experience to support your idea.
17. Some people think school leavers should go to find a job rather than
university education. Others think the university education is essential for
professional development. What’s your opinion of these two views?
20. Workers and nurses should be paid more. What is your opinion?
24. Most people with university degree can earn higher salaries than
those who not go to the university, so they should pay full cost of their
education. Your opinion.
25. moving from rural areas to big cities will provide more opportunities.
Your opinion.
26. Study needs time, peace and comfort, whereas employment needs
the same thing. Someone says it is impossible to combine those two
because one distracts one another. Do you think this is realistic in our life
today? To what extent do you agree with it? Support your opinion with
example.
28. Governments and international institution are faced with many global
problems. What these problems could be? Measure them.