ASTM
ASTM
ASTM
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1
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A 265
5.1.1 The steel shall be made by the open-hearth, electric- shall be made so that one specimen represents the cladding
furnace (with separate degassing and refining optional), or metal in tension on one side while the other specimen
basic-oxygen processes, or by secondary processes whereby represents the cladding metal in tension on the opposite side.
steel made from these primary processes is remelted using Bend tests shall be made in accordance with the requirements
electroslag remelting or vacuum arc remelting processes. prescribed in the specifications for the base metal.
5.1.2 The cladding metal may be metallurgically bonded to 7.3 Bond Strength—When required by the purchaser, three
the base metal by any method that will produce a clad steel that bend tests shall be made with the cladding metal in compres-
will conform to the requirements of this specification. sion to determine the quality of the bond. Bends shall be made
5.2 Heat Treatment—Unless heat treatment is required by in accordance with the specifications for the base metal. At
the cladding material or base steel specification, the clad plate least two out of the three tests shall show not more than 50 %
shall be furnished in the as-rolled condition. The purchaser and separation on both edges of the bent portion. Greater separation
the manufacturer may agree on any other heat treatment within shall be cause for rejection.
the base steel specification that is mutually agreeable. 7.4 Shear Strength—As an alternative to the bend test
provided in 7.3 and when required by the purchaser, the
6. Chemical Composition minimum shear strength of the cladding and base metals shall
6.1 The composite plate may conform to any desired com- be 20 000 psi (140 MPa). The shear test when specified, shall
bination cladding metal and base metal as described in 6.2 and be made in the manner indicated in Fig. 1.
6.3, and as agreed upon between the purchaser and the 7.5 Methods and practices relating to mechanical testing
manufacturer. required by this specification shall be in accordance with Test
6.2 Cladding Metal—The nickel or nickel-base alloy clad- Methods and Definitions A 370.
ding metal specified shall conform to the requirements as to
chemical composition prescribed for the respective metal in 8. Product Analysis
Specifications B 127, B 162, B 168, B 333, B 409, B 424, 8.1 Product analysis may be required on finished product.
B 443, B 463, B 575, B 582, and B 625. Chemical analysis may be accomplished by wet chemical or
6.3 Base Metal— The base metal may be carbon steel or instrumental procedures. If wet chemical procedures are used,
low-alloy steel conforming to the ASTM specifications for millings may be taken only when the composite plate thickness
steels for pressure vessels. The base metal shall conform to the is sufficient to permit obtaining millings without danger of
chemical requirements of the specification to which it is contamination from the adjacent layer. If spectrometric proce-
ordered. dures are used, the sample shall be exposed on the center line
of the cladding when there is sufficient cladding thickness
7. Mechanical Properties
available so that there is no contamination from the adjacent
7.1 Tensile Requirements: base metal.
7.1.1 The tensile properties shall be determined by a tension 8.2 If product analysis is specified by the purchaser, it shall
test of the composite plate for clad plates that meet all of the be made on a sample taken from the finished product or a
following conditions. However, if the cladding is for corrosion broken test specimen. For wet chemical analysis, in order to
allowance only, the cladding may be removed before tensile
testing. The tensile properties thus determined shall be not less
than the minimum and not more than 5000 psi (35 MPa) over
the maximum prescribed in the specification for the base steel
used. All other tensile test requirements of the specification for
the base steel shall be met.
7.1.1.1 The composite gage is less than or equal to 11⁄2 in.
7.1.1.2 The specified minimum tensile strength of the base
steel is less than or equal to 70 000 psi (485 MPa).
7.1.1.3 The specified minimum yield strength of the base
steel is less than or equal to 40 000 psi (275 MPa).
7.1.2 The tensile properties shall be determined by a
tension test of the base steel only for clad plates that meet one
of the following conditions. The properties thus determined
shall meet all of the tensile test requirements for the base steel.
7.1.2.1 The composite gage is greater than 11⁄2 in.
7.1.2.2 The specified minimum tensile strength of the base
steel is greater than 70 000 psi (485 MPa). Metric Equivalents
7.1.2.3 The specified minimum yield strength of the base in. mm in. mm
steel is greater than 40 000 psi (275 MPa).
0.005 0.127 1 25.4
7.2 Ductility— Two bend tests of the composite plate shall 1⁄8 3.17 21⁄2 64.5
be made, one with the cladding metal in tension and the other 3⁄4 19.1 3 76.2
with the cladding metal in compression, to determine the FIG. 1 Test Specimen and Method of Making Shear Test of Clad
ductility of the materials. On double-clad plates, the bend tests Plate
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A 265
avoid contamination by the base plate metal, millings of TABLE 2 Weights for Component Materials
cladding samples shall be taken from the test coupon by
removal and discard of all the base metal plus 40 % of the Density Weight per Square
Foot for Material
cladding thickness from the bonded side, not to exceed 1⁄16 in. 1 in. (25.4 mm)
lb/in.3 g/cm3
(1.598 mm). The material shall be cleaned and sufficient in Thickness, lb
millings taken to represent the full cross-section of the remain- Steel 0.283 7.83 40.80
der. If there is insufficient cladding thickness available to Nickel 0.321 8.88 46.22
Nickel-copper alloy 0.319 8.83 45.94
spectrographically expose on the center line of the cladding Nickel-chromium-iron 0.307 8.49 44.21
without contamination, 50 % of the cladding shall be removed alloy
and the sample exposed on this surface.
8.3 The results of the product analysis shall conform to the ding by welding provided the following requirements are met:
requirements of standards referenced in Section 2. 12.1.1 Prior approval shall be obtained from the purchaser if
8.4 Methods and practices relating to chemical analysis the repaired area exceeds 3 % of the cladding surface.
required by this specification shall be in accordance with Test 12.1.2 The welding procedure and the welders or welding
Methods, Practices, and Terminology A 751. operators shall be qualified in accordance with Section IX of
8.5 Results of the product analysis shall conform to the the ASME Code.
requirements of Section 7 of Specification A 480/A 480M. 12.1.3 The defective area shall be removed and the area
9. Dimensions, Mass, and Permissible Variations prepared for repair shall be examined by a magnetic particle
method or a liquid penetrant method to ensure all defective
9.1 Composite plates shall conform to the thickness and
area has been removed. Method of test and acceptance standard
weight requirements prescribed in Table 1 (see also Table 2).
shall be as agreed upon between the purchaser and the
9.2 The weight and limit tolerances shall be as prescribed in
manufacturer.
Specification A 480/A 480M.
12.1.4 The repair weld shall be deposited in accordance
10. Thickness of Cladding Metal with a welding procedure and welding materials suitable for
10.1 The minimum thickness and tolerances on the thick- the cladding material. The surface condition of the repaired
ness of the cladding metal shall be agreed upon between the area shall be restored to a condition similar to the rest of the
purchaser and the manufacturer. cladding.
12.1.5 The repaired area shall be examined by a liquid
11. Workmanship Finish, and Appearance penetrant method in accordance with 12.1.3.
11.1 The material shall be free of injurious defects and shall 12.1.6 The location and extent of the weld repairs together
have a workmanlike appearance. with the repair procedure and examination results shall be
11.2 Clad plates shall be furnished in the as-rolled condi- transmitted as a part of the certification.
tion, unless otherwise specified.
13. Number of Tests and Retests
11.3 The clad surface may be supplied as-rolled, or as-rolled
and sand blasted as specified. 13.1 One or more tension tests, as required by the specifi-
cations for the base metal, one face bend test (cladding metal
12. Repair of Cladding by Welding in tension), one reverse bend test (cladding metal in compres-
12.1 The material manufacturer may repair defects in clad- sion), and, when specified, one shear test or three bond bend
TABLE 1 Permissible Variations in Thickness and Overweights of Plates ThicknessA
NOTE 1—All plates shall be ordered to thickness and not to weight per square foot. No plates shall vary more than 0.01 in. (0.254 mm) under the
thickness ordered, and the overweight of each lotB shall not exceed the amount given in the table below.C
Permissible Excess in Average Weight per Square Foot of Plates for Widths Given in Inches (mm),
Expressed in Percentage of Nominal WeightD
48 60 72 84 96 108 120 132 144
Specified Thickness, in. (mm) Under (1219.2) (1524.0) (1828.8) (2133.6) (2438.4) (2743.2) (3048.0) (3352.8) (3657.6)
48 to 60 to 72 to 84 to 96 to 108 to 120 to 132 to 144 to 152
(1219.2) (1524.0) (1828.8) (2133.6) (2438.4) (2743.2) (3048.0) (3352.8) (3675.6) (3860.8)
excl excl excl excl excl excl excl excl incl
⁄ to 1⁄4 (4.76 to 6.35), excl
3 16 5.25 6.00 6.75 7.50 9.00 11.50 ... ... ... ...
⁄ to 5⁄16 (6.35 to 7.94), excl
14 4.50 5.25 6.00 6.75 7.50 10.50 12.00 13.00 14.25 ...
5⁄16 to 3⁄8 (7.94 to 9.52), excl 3.75 4.50 5.25 6.00 6.75 7.50 9.00 10.00 12.75 16.00
3⁄8 to 7⁄16 (9.52 to 11.11), excl 3.50 3.75 4.50 5.25 6.00 6.75 7.50 8.50 11.25 15.00
7⁄16 to 1⁄2 (11.11 to 12.7), excl 3.00 3.50 3.75 4.50 5.25 6.00 6.75 7.50 9.75 12.75
1⁄2 to 5⁄8 (12.7 to 15.88), excl 2.75 3.00 3.50 3.75 4.50 5.25 6.00 6.75 8.25 10.50
5⁄8 to 3⁄4 (15.88 to 19.05), excl 2.25 2.75 3.00 3.50 3.75 4.50 5.00 5.50 6.25 6.75
3⁄4 to 1 (19.05 to 25.4), excl 2.00 2.25 2.75 3.00 3.50 3.75 4.25 4.75 5.25 6.00
1 or Over (25.4 or Over) 2.00 2.00 2.25 2.75 3.50 3.50 3.75 4.25 4.75 5.25
A
Spot grinding is permitted to remove surface imperfections not to exceed 0.01 in. (0.254 mm) under the specified thickness.
B
The term “lot” means all of the plates of each group width and each group thickness.
C
The weight of individual plates shall not exceed the nominal weight by more than one and one-third times the amount prescribed in the above table.
D
Nominal weights for the composite plates shall be calculated using the weights for the component materials listed in Table 2.
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A 265
tests shall be made representing each plate as rolled. Each
specimen shall be in the final condition of heat treatment
required for the plate.
13.2 If any test specimen shows defective machining or
develops flaws, it may be discarded and another specimen
substituted.
13.3 If any part of the fracture takes place outside of the
middle half of the gage length or in a punched or scribed mark
within the reduced section, the elongation value obtained may
not be representative of the material. If the elongation so Metric Equivalents
measured meets the minimum requirements specified, no in. mm in. mm
further testing is indicated, but if the elongation is less than the 0.01 0.254 11⁄2 38.1
1⁄8 3.17 2 50.8
minimum requirements the test shall be discarded and a retest 1⁄4 6.35 3 76.2
made. 1 25.4 8 203.2
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A 265
specified, and shall be so conducted as not to interfere certified to the purchaser by the manufacturer.
unnecessarily with the operation of the works. 17.2 The results of the tests in Section 7, shall be reported
to the purchaser or his representative.
16. Rejection and Rehearing
16.1 Unless otherwise specified, any rejection based on tests 18. Product Marking
made in accordance with Section 8, shall be reported to the
manufacturer within 5 working days from the receipt of 18.1 Except as specified in 18.2, the name or brand of the
samples by the purchaser. manufacturer, the manufacturer’s test identification number,
16.2 Material which shows injurious defects subsequent to the class of the base steel, the designation of the cladding
its acceptance at the manufacturer’s work will be rejected, and metal, and the specified minimum tensile strength shall be
the manufacturer shall be notified. legibly stamped on each finished single-clad plate in two places
16.3 Samples tested in accordance with Section 8, that on the base steel side not less than 12 in. (304.8 mm) from the
represent rejected material shall be preserved for 3 weeks from edges. The manufacturer’s test identification number shall be
the date of the test report. In case of dissatisfaction with the legibly stamped on each test specimen.
results of the tests, the manufacturer may make claim for a 18.2 For double-clad material or for material under 1⁄4 in.
rehearing within that time. (6.35 mm) in thickness, the marking specified in 18.1 shall be
17. Certification legibly stenciled instead of stamped.
17.1 The chemical analysis of the base metal shall be
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