21st Lit (Philippine Literature)
21st Lit (Philippine Literature)
21st Lit (Philippine Literature)
SETTING:
Mountain village during Awiyao’s wedding dance.
CHARACTERS:
AWIYAO
-The lead male in the story who loves Lumnay, but
left her because she couldn’t bear children for him.
LUMNAY
-Awiyao’s former wife who is still in love with him,
despite the fact he married another.
MADULIMAY
-Awiyao’s new, younger wife, with whom he hopes
to have children.
PLOT:
EXPOSITION
-The story begins at night in a mountain village in
the Philippines where Awiyao has just been
remarried.
RISING ACTION
-Awiyao has left his wife Lumnay because she
couldn’t give him a child. He has now married
Madulimay in the hope of giving a son. Lumnay is
upset because she loves Awiyao and doesn’t want
this separation.
CLIMAX
-Outside, the villagers are dancing of the wedding.
Awiyao leaves to try and comfort Lumnay. He
offers her many items of the life that they built
together. Lumnay refuses them and clings to
Awiyao, wishing he would stay.
FALLING ACTION
-Lumnay sits on the side of the mountain
overlooking the blazing fire and dancing women,
thinking about how her life has changed. She has a
sense of desperation, isolation, and worthlessness.
TITLE: they wanted to party and have more fun in the
May Day Eve tropical country.
RISING ACTION
AUTHOR: -At the girls’ room, Anastasia was telling the girls
that witches were abroad, for it was a night of
Nick Joaquin divination, a night of lovers, and those who cared
might peer in a mirror and would there behold the
Philippine novelist, poet, playwright, biographer,
face of whoever it was they were fated to marry.
and essayist writing in English, the National Artist
for Literature. Joaquin wrote largely about the
Spanish colonial period and the diverse heritage of CLIMAX
-Agueda walked from the hall down to the sala
the Filipino people. Often, he dealt with the
bravely. The girls have not able to stop her and
coexistence of 'primitive' and 'civilized' dimensions
while facing the mirror, she whispered, “Mirror,
inside the human psyche. After World War II,
Mirror, show to me him whose woman I will be”.
Joaquin worked as a journalist, gaining fame as a
Agueda felt different, and after a while, she has
reporter for the Free Press. His most acclaimed play
company and sees Badoy Montiya.
is “A Portrait of the Artist As Filipino” (1952).
Other celebrated works include The Woman with
Two Navels (1961), which title refers to the two FALLING ACTION
-Donya Agueda told her daughter the story of what
legacies, the Spanish and American, the "navels" of
really happened on that one May Day Eve. And she
Filipino history, and Cave and Shadows (1983),
told her daughter that she saw the Devil. On the
about myths, paganism, Christianity, and the
other hand Don Badoy Montiya told Voltaire, his
national identity, written in the form of a mystery
grandson, that one May Day Eve, he also saw the
novel.
witch.
SETTING:
DENOUEMENT
In a room, with a mirror during May Day Eve
-Don Badoy went up to the window and with tears,
reminisce that old love.
CHARACTERS:
ANASTASIA CONFLICT:
-Old woman, who is so obedient to her mistress, accused MAN V. MAN &
for being a witch and believes in superstitious beliefs MAN V. SOCIETY
AGUEDA
POINT OF VIEW:
-Pretty, a young woman who is so curious, hardheaded,
brave and very much willing to know her future husband
Third Person Omniscient POV
MOTHER DENOUEMENT
-The wife of the farmer -The rich man fell to the floor, and the case was
dismissed. The judge then went down to talk with
THE CHILDREN OF THE FARMER the farmer, and the judge, the farmer, his family,
-The siblings of the narrator. They were referred to and the spectators laughed hard.
as strong, robust, and cheerful.
ALING ELPIDIA “You men can talk because you don’t have to bear
-A fish and vegetable vendor; Mariana’s visitor who the children. You coward!”
sold potent or some herbal liquid to Mariana —Mariana
SERGIO
-Small scale store owner of where Victor and his
friends drink tuba with dog dishes as pulutan
RAMIR
-Victor and Mariana’s dog
TITLE: PLOT:
The World is an Apple
EXPOSITION
-Near a small and poor home behind a portion of the
AUTHOR: Intramuros walls, lie two wooden boxes on either
side of a doorway. On the left is an Acacia tree with
Alberto S. Florentino a wooden bench under it. Mario enters the house
and finds Gloria doing household chores
Alberto Florentino is best known for his play, “The
World is An Apple”. It won the First Palanca RISING ACTION
Award for Literature. -Gloria asks for money but they end up quarreling
when she found out that Mario already lost his job a
Florentino's literary talent spilled over to different week ago, due to stealing an apple for their daughter
genres: drama, television writing and movie scripts. Tita
He was a mainstay of Balintataw, a television series
in the early 70s that boasted the use of original
scripts in contrast to the improvised dialogue that CLIMAX
took place in tele-dramas. Florentino was -Out of nowhere, Pablo enters the picture and starts
instrumental in harnessing the talents of literary revealing shocking things to Gloria about her
figures of his day for Balintataw, adapting their husband
short stories for the TV series.
FALLING ACTION
His legacy in infusing pop genre with literary gems -Gloria begs Mario not to come with Pablo until the
is noteworthy for inspiring the emergence of a crop point that she asked him to choose between them.
of playwrights and scriptwriters. His stint as
DENOUEMENT
publisher of the now defunct peso book editions
-Mario chose to join Pablo again, leaving Gloria
introduced affordable contemporary literature to the
and their daughter, Tita, alone.
reading public.
THEME:
SETTING: Poverty can cause even the most honest of men to
The story is set in a very poor area in a district resort to a life of crime just to take care of their
(Intramuros) within the city of Manila, in the loved ones
Philippines. More specifically, in front of Gloria
and Mario's house.
NOTABLE LINE/S:
CHARACTERS: “Why? Did God create apple trees to bear fruit for
the rich alone? Didn’t He create the whole world
EDDIE for everyone?”
-Delia’s younger brother. He is an adventurous -Mario.
young man who loves every creature and treats
them as his friend. “I wouldn’t mind losing a thousand jobs for an
apple for my daughter!”
MARIO -Mario
-He is the Father in the story, the husband of Gloria. “What is honest money? Does it look better
He is known to be bad before but he strived hard to than dishonest money? Does it buy more? honesty?
change his life for his daughter and for his wife, but What is it? Dressing like that? Staying in this
in the end had to resort back to his old ways due to dungeon you call a house? Is that what you call
losing his job because of theft. ‘honesty’?”
-Pablo
GLORIA
-The wife of Mario. A very good and lovable I knew God wouldn’t let us down. He never lets
woman who just wants a simple, yet decent life. Her anybody down.
unconditional love for Mario caused him to change -Maria
from his bad ways.
PABLO
-The antagonist of the story and the old friend of
Mario. He wants easy and uses dishonest means to
achieve that. He invites Mario to join him once
more at the end when Mario lost his job.
TITA
-The young daughter of Mario and Gloria, who
asked her father for an Apple, which made him
resort to stealing one in order to fulfill her wishes,
and ultimately causing him to lose his job.
TITLE: There is no place like home.
New Yorker in Tondo
Love for one’s cherished traditions will always go
beyond the love for worldly things and the lavish
AUTHOR: lifestyle.
Marcelino Agana Jr.
NOTABLE LINE/S:
SETTING:
Kikay’s house in Tondo, Manila
CHARACTERS:
TOTOY
-the Tondo "canto boy" who has a secret love for
Nena
KIKAY
-a balikbayan who adopted the style of living of a
New Yorker
NENA
-Tony’s secret fiancé after Kikay left
TONY
-childhood sweetheart of Kikay who got secretly
engaged with their other childhood friend, Nena
when Kikay left
ALING ATANG
-mother of Kikay who has been carried away by her
daughter’s way of living
PLOT:
EXPOSITION
Kikay used to study Hair Culture and Beauty
Science in New York. After a year, she returned in
the country bringing New York with her manner,
looks, style and her speaking gesture. She doesn’t
even want to call her “Kikay” but instead”
Francesca.” Kikay’s childhood friends, Nena and
Totoy as well as Tony, her fiancé went to visit her
at their house.
RISING ACTION
Nena who was secretly engaged with Tony after
Kikay left keeps pressuring Tony to tell Kikay
about it. Tony then asks Kikay and Kikay tells him
that it was already long forgotten. Upon knowing
that Kikay and Tony broke up, Nena announces that
Tony was engaged to her causing a shock to Kikay.
CLIMAX:
Kikay tried to take back what she said and insists
that Tony is still engaged to her. This created a fight
between Nena and Kikay. Nena later on walked out
angrily with Totoy following her.
FALLING ACTION:
Kikay asks Tony for forgiveness and tells him that
the old Kikay is back.
RESOLUTION:
Tony forgave Kikay and accepted her again.
THEME:
One should never forget to look back at where he
came from.
TITLE: POINT OF VIEW:
We Filipinos are Mild Drinkers First Person POV
AUTHOR:
THEME:
Hospitality consists of giving the best of yourself to
Alejandro “Anding” Reyess Roces
your guests.
"You cannot be a great writer; first, you have to be a
good person.” NOTABLE LINE/S:
Alejandro Roces, is a short story writer and essayist, “We drink when we are very happy. We drink when
and considered as the country’s best writer of comic we are very sad, and we drink for any other
short stories. In his innumerable newspaper reason”
columns, he has always focused on the neglected
aspects of the Filipino cultural heritage. His works “The coconut tree symbolizes the Philippines. It
have been published in various international starts up to the sky, but then its leaves sway down to
magazines and has received national and earth, as if remembering the land that gave it birth.
international awards. It does not forget the soil that gave it life.”
SETTING:
The story took place one late afternoon in the nipa
hut of a farmer in a barrio just after the Filipino-
Japanese war in 1945 in the Philippines.
CHARACTERS:
FARMER
-The humble Filipino who invited the American
soldier for a drink
JOE
-The American soldier who was proud and
confident regarding his experiences with alcoholic
beverages
PLOT:
EXPOSITION
-It was a common sight to see American soldiers
almost everywhere because American troops helped
Filipino to fight against the Japanese. In the barrio,
Joe, an American soldier asked a liquor from a
farmer.
RISING ACTION
-Since there were no bars in a barrio, the farmer
invited the soldier to his nipa hut and offered some
lambanog the local liquor of the barrio.
CLIMAX
-Because he was drunk, Joe thought that the farmer
was a Japanese soldier and the farmer’s mom as a
Japanese Kimono girl.
FALLING ACTION
-After hallucinating things, the soldier passed out
and fell asleep.
DENOUEMENT
-The farmer brought Joe back at the garrison
because he was so drunk at the same time. After
that, one of Joe’s friend asked the farmer if he
wanted to join them and have a can of beer, then he
replied, “No thank you, we Filipinos are mild
drinkers.”
CONFLICT:
MAN V. HIMSELF