Lab Manual Exp 3 - Gas Temperature Process Control PDF
Lab Manual Exp 3 - Gas Temperature Process Control PDF
Lab Manual Exp 3 - Gas Temperature Process Control PDF
COURSE CODE
EXPERIMENT NO. EXPERIMENT 3
PROCEDURE: /5%
REFERENCES: /5%
TOTAL: /100%
I hereby declare that I have prepared this report with my own efforts. I also admit to
not accept or provide any assistance in preparing this report and anything that is in
it is true.
OBJECTIVE
LEARNING OUTCOME
• To identify the important components of the air temperature control system and
to mark them in the P&I Diagram
• To carry out the start-up procedures systematically.
• To determine the values of the parameters for a first order plus dead time transfer
function model of a thermal process.
1. I NT RO DUCT IO N
This model uses air to simulate a gas or vapor phase temperature process. The
temperature process is a multicapacity lag/dead time process with no noise. It uses a
transistor to adjust the heat flow to the heater. The air flow rate is measured using a
rotameter. A selective control technique is employed here that automatically select
only a less heat demanding output to manipulate only one final control element (the
transistor/heater). This system requires a high gain PID controller.
2. EXPERIMENTAL EQUIPMENT
The equipment used here is the air temperature process control training system, Model
AT922 (Figure 1 1 .1).
The process plant consists of forced convective annulus electric air heater to heat
the incoming process air from an external compressor air supply system. The
process air is connected to a pressure regulator (AR90) and flows into the heater
and then to the process vent VT or to another air process control training system.
By varying the air flow rate at the discharge manual valve downstream of the
rotameter F190, the air flow load changes through the heater can be implemented
The purpose of the PID control is to maintain the air temperature (TE91 /TIT91) at the
heater exit, at the operator setpoint without burning out the heater.
3. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE
Go around the experimental set-up, identify the following components and mark them in
the P&I Diagram (Figure 11.2).
The start-up procedure given below must be carefully followed before starting any
experiment.
I) Switch the PANEL, SCADAIDDC selector at the front of the cubicle to the
"PANEL, SCADA" position.
2) The heat er should be switched OFF.
3) Switch on the main power supply. The main switch is at the front of the
cubicle.
All panel instruments will lit up.
4) If any "ANNUNCIATOR" gets activated, press the "ACKNOWLEDGE"
button to silence the buzzer.
5) Open the swing front cover of the recorder TR91 and press the 'RCD' push
button to STOP its chart drive, if it is running.
6) Make sure the compressor is running and the compressed air is available at the
process air regulator AR90.
7) Shut the manual valve MV90A and set AR90 to a pressure of 45 prig (as
indicated by AR90).
8) Make sure the heater bypass valve HV90 is shut.
9) Open the vent valve VT fully to discharge the air to the atmosphere. Make
sure the manual valve MV90B is completely shut.
10) The following shoul d be veri fied:
• Annunciator FAL90 is activated and should be acknowledged — Reason
: No air flow yet because MV90A is shut.
• The pressure gauge PG90 read atmospheric. If it reads more, then check
and open VT.
• The variable area flow meter FI90 shows no air flow.
• Check TE92/TIT92 is not rising because the heater is still OFF.
11) Manually open fully the inlet valve MV90A so that the air flow rate at FI90
reads about 45 Nm 3/Hr. Do not alter the air pressure previously set at AR90.
12) Check now the pressure gauge PG90 reads slightly above atmospheric.
13) Start record by push the 'RCD' button to switch ON the recorder chart drive.
The chart drive is preset to 500mm/Hr.
14) Press 'RCD' to stop the recorder.
3.3 PROCEDURE
I. To determine the parameters of the transfer function G1 relating the air temperature to
the electrical power input.
1) Set the air flow rate: Open and adjust MV90A so that FI90 reads about 45
Nm3/Hr. The maximum airflow has now been set.
2) Press the 'RCD' push button in TR91. Wait for the response of the RED pen
(TE91 /TIT91) and GREEN pen (TE92/TIT92) to be almost steady..
3) Note the average air flow rate at the variable area flow meter FI90.
4) With TIC91 in MANUAL (M) mode, adjust its MV = 30%.
5) Switch ON the heater and mark on the recorder chart paper besides the RED and
GREEN pen, the instant the Heater is switched ON.
6) Record the responses till the temperatures become steady.
II. To determine the parameters of the transfer function G2 relating the air
temperature to the air flow rate (disturbance or load variable).
14) The slope of the steepest tangent gives the Response Rate (RR).
15) The process gain K is equal to the maximum change in the air temperature at
the exit divided by the % change in the manipulated variable.
16) The time constant of the process, T, is equal to the response rate divided by the
maximum change in the air temperature at the exit.
6) Transfer TIC91 to Auto (A) mode. Make sure the heater is ON.
7) Observe patiently the control response of both the heater surface
temperature (TE90/TIC90, recorder Green pen) and the heated air
temperature (TE91/TIC91, recorder Red pen). Write the set point and PID
values on the recorder chart paper beside its response.
8) In particular, note that the heated air temperature overshoots the set-point even
when the heater surface temperature has started decreasing.
4. RESULTS
1. Using the step response data, determine the parameters of the First order with
Delay model.
2. Report should contain the block diagram representation of the process.
3. Process Reaction Curve and calculation of Ziegler-Nichols Optimum settings.
4. System responses to step change in set point and load.
5. The ON-OFF sequence for a given High Alarm Limit, PH2.
6. The value of the dead band of the ON-OFF controller and its effect on the
frequency of oscillation.