003IJRAS 534 HVC
003IJRAS 534 HVC
003IJRAS 534 HVC
net/publication/322819796
Value Chain Analysis of Honey in Kaffa and Sheka Zones of SNNPR, Ethiopia
CITATIONS READS
3 650
1 author:
Kassa Tarakegn
Southern Agricultural Research Institute - SARI, Ethiopia
12 PUBLICATIONS 9 CITATIONS
SEE PROFILE
Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects:
All content following this page was uploaded by Kassa Tarakegn on 31 January 2018.
Abstract – Kaffa and Sheka zones have higher potential in apparently required for making market orientation of
number of bee colony; flora, and favorable climatic honey production [6].
condition. However, current knowledge on bee product value Value chain is useful as a poverty-reduction
poverty tool which
chain is lacking. This study was initiated to analyze honey leads to increase on and off farm
fa rural employment and
value chain with especial emphasis to Kaffa and Sheka zones
income. Increased agricultural productivity alone is not a
of Southern Ethiopia. Both primary and secondary data were
used and a total of 240 honey producing sample households sufficient route out of poverty within the context of
from four purposively selected honey districts were surveyed. globalization. A focus on post-harvest
post activities,
The major identified honey value chain actors in the study differentiated
ntiated value added products and increasing links
area are inputput suppliers, producers, cooperatives, local with access to markets for goods produced by low-income
low
collectors, wholesalers, retailers, processors and final producers would appear to be the strategy open to
consumers of the product. While districts livestock and smallholders [7]. Value chain is the linked groups of
fishery office, honey unions, Apinec agro-Industry
Industry, Beza mar people and processes by which honey is supplied
supplie to the
agro- industry, Shekanordic honey development
elopment industry and final consumer with a flow of information between the
research institutions are identified honey value chain
people. Understanding the flow of materials through a
supporters. From identified honey marketing channels the
major share of honey goes to marketing through channel value chain is important in understanding opportunities
VIII (producer-collectors–wholesalers--retailer
retailer--consumer). and constraints in the chain, while understanding the flow
Improving
ing and encouraging increased use of transitional and and distribution of incentives
ntives is key to understanding how
introducing modern bee-hiveshives with full packages, and to manage risks [8].
establishment beekeepers
ekeepers cooperatives that need SNNPR is one of the potential areas of honey
interventions in the study area. production which accounts 15 percent of the total bee
colonies and 17 percent of the total honey production in
Keywords – Honey, Kaffa and Sheka Zones, Marketing the country. According the report of [9], annually SNNPR
Channels, Value Chain.
produces 5,724,001 kg honey with average productionpr
capacity of 7 kg per hive. Southwestern part of Southern
I. INTRODUCTION Ethiopia contains many nectar and pollen producing plants
suitable for bees that large volume of honey is produced
Ethiopia has favorable natural resource endowment for annually based on traditional beekeeping technique
the beekeeping and comparative advantage in production dominated by forest and backyard beekeeping [10].
of honey and wax [1]. Owing to its varied ecological and Although Kaffa and Sheka zones have higher potential in
climatic conditions, Ethiopia is among the major producer
pro number of bee colony, flora, and favorable climatic
of honey both in Africa and in the world. For instance in condition, productivity and income from it is still low due
2013 the country produced about 45 thousand tones which challenges threatening the sub-sector
sub [11]. However,
accounted about 27% and 3% of African and World honey current knowledge
wledge on bee product value chain is poor and
production respectively and makes the country the largest inadequate for designing policies and institutions to
producers in Africa and the tenth in the world [2]. overcome perceived problems in the production and
Apiculture is a promising off-farm
farm enterprise, which marketing system [12]. Thus, basing on the theory of value
directly and indirectly contributes to smallholder’s income chain analysis, this study mainly focuses on identifying
ide the
in particular and nation’s economy in general [3].It has core actors; activities; marketing channels and identifying
been reported that annually an average of 420 million constraints and opportunities in honey value chain in study
Ethiopian
opian Birr is obtained from the sale of honey [1]. The areas.
subsector is also creating job opportunities in both rural
and urban areas through organizing jobless urban and
II. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
landless rural youth and women to involve in them in bee
equipment production and beekeeping ng activities [4].
Despite the long tradition of beekeeping in Ethiopia, 2.1. Value Chain Analysis
being the leading honey producer, the availability of huge A variety of approaches used in conducting a value
potential and the attention given
iven to the sector traditional chain analysis. First understanding of different actors in an
production system is the main feature where 96% of the input and output in the value chain. After understanding
hives aree reported to be traditional and 91% of the total the different actors one is able to identify the different
honey produced come from traditional hives [5].Proper tools to use for different actors such as producers and
understanding of the production and market system trader surveys. According to [13], value chain map shows
the flow of product and services among the major actors former is the peak harvesting period contributing majority
from early supply of inputs and production up to of the annual honey production.
n.
consumption. It summarizes major value chain actors, Beekeeping Experience Number
N of Hives and
enterprises (input suppliers) and value chain supporters. Quantity Honey Produced
The value chain
hain also illustrates the different market In the study area the respondents’ the average years of
channels that a product takes before reaching the final beekeeping experience for the entire 240 sampled
consumer [14].Therefore a value chain is an important tool households was about 11 years with minimum and
to use for identifying bottlenecks, as well as possible maximum years 5 and 39 years, respectively.
res This shows
opportunities that may not be apparent otherwise.
oth that the activity was started in the areas about many years
2.2. Survey Methods ago. Having cumulative knowledge of how to keep bees is
A combination of qualitative tools and quantitative tools a prerequisite to the ability to obtain process and use
were used for different categories of actors along the value information related to the practice. With regard to the
chain. Structured questionnaire were used to collect respondents’
dents’ number of hive possession, the average
quantitative data from farm households. Checklists and holding was about 12 hives per household with minimum
unstructured interviews were used to obtain qualitative of 6 and maximum of 49.
data from key actors along the value chain, including
value chain supporters. Table 1. Experience, number of hives owned
o and quantity
The field work for the study was carried out in two honey produced
phases. A reconnaissance visit was made in March, 2015 Variable Mean Std. Min Max
to interview various
rious stakeholders in order to familiarize Dev.
ourselves with the issues of honey production and Beekeeping 10.89 3.951 5 39
marketing and to identify the data to be collected by a experience
formal quantitative survey. This was followed by a value Average number of 12.25 5.0216 6 49
chain survey in July, 2015. Since marketing of honey hon bee hives owned
Average Quantity of 141.52 97.82 62 672
peaks in July and august, this was the most appropriate
honey produced
period to meet producers, traders, processors, exporters as
Source: Own computation (2016)
well as other organizations that play important roles in the
regulation of honey trade.
The survey result in table 2 indicates that honey yield
Sampling per household in the past 2015/16 production year was
The sample farmers were selected using a multistage between 62kgs and 672Kgs minimum and maximum,
sampling procedure based on the following criteria and respectively with mean annual production of 141.52kg.
considerations. First, Chena, Gesha Masha and Andiracha The above result indicates that there is high production
districts were selected purposively based on their gap in average quantity of honey produced among
production potentiality honey production. At the second households
ouseholds may be because of type and possession of
stage with the assistance of livestock and fishery office hives used.
kebeles in each district were stratified into honey producer
Types of Bee Hive used by Beekeepers
eekeepers and
and non-producers;
producers; from these two groups honey
producers kebles were selected. In the third stage, two Productivity of Hives
kebeles were randomly selected from the list of groups According to the survey result, 30% of the respondents
from that produce honey. At the fourth stage, total were using only traditional types of hives and keeping
households that produce honey during 2014/15 from two bees in the forest by hanging the hive on long trees in
randomly selected kebles were identified and listed. dense forests and 24.6% uses only improved beehives.
Finally, 30 honey producing households were selected While, he rest 45.4% of sample beekeepers are using both
randomly from the list of honey producers from the traditional and improved beehives in the sampled districts.
sampled kebles. Accordingly, a total of 240 sample honey
producers households were used for this study.
In addition, the key informants’ interview includes:
districts offices of livestock and fishery, trade and market
development, beekeeping cooperatives ves in selected kebles,
honey unions in the two zones, Sheka Nordic bee product
development industry and Beza mar sub offices, APNIAC
PLC and zonal department of livestock and fishery were
contacted. Data collected from the field study were
analyzed using a value chain analysis approach. Fig. 1. Hive type owned by sampled
sample households in
Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive percentage
statistical analysis technique
3.1. Honey Production Characteristics In the case of productivity of hives in the study area,
According to a districts livestock and fishery office honey yield was markedly different for the types of
(2016), there are two honey harvesting periods the district; beehives used. On average, it was about 7.45 kg/hive and
April to June and September to October, of which the 25.76 kg/hive from the traditional and modern hives
Copyright © 2017 IJRAS, All right reserved
143
International Journal of Research in Agricultural Sciences
Volume 4, Issue 3,, ISSN (Online): 2348 – 3997
brings a bulk of honey for them. Sometimes, some Sheka Union: is a collection of different
diff associations
wholesalers give money (advance payment) for some organized to work on forest products like coffee, honey
collectors
tors in the morning on the market day in order to and spices in Sheka zone. It is supporting beekeeper
bring for them the honey they bought from producers. cooperative through facilitating finance when they need
These wholesalers will then sell the honey to the and provide them market information for the associations.
processors and retailers. EWNRA (Ethio-Wetlands etlands and Natural Resources
Retailers: These hese are the actors that delivered honey to Association): EWNRA is a project working on
end users. They are small shops that engaged in honey participatory forest management. It provides support to
trading in the study area by buying honey directly from both smallholder beekeepers and beekeeper cooperatives
producers, collectors and whole sellers in the form of semi through providing training on different techniques in
processed or crude honey. Then they process pro the honey honey production,, harvesting, processing and marketing in
and sell to local consumers and passengers who pass two zones. They also provide the modern beekeeping tools
through the study area. for the beekeepers and cooperatives.
Processors: These hese are actors who purchase crude honey OVOP (One village one Product Promotion
from beekeepers, cooperatives, collectors and wholesalers Project):- is working on supporting production and
then supply processed honey to global consumers by marketing of three commodities
commoditie like spices, honey and
packing
acking and giving brand name while others sell to local bula (the flour prepared from inset or false banana) in
consumers in the form of brewery locally known as tej and Sheka zone. It supports beekeeper cooperatives through
birzi.. The well know honey processor in Kaffa zone called providing technical and material like modern hives,
APINEC agro- industry that process and pack honey for processing machines and packing machines supports.
exporting to different European countries and other Apinec Agro-Industry: Itt was established as a Joint
countries in the world. Likewise, honey processors in Venture (JV) between Apinec Apiculture Development
Sheka zone such as Beza mar agro- industry and Sheka and Trading Plc (Ethiopia) on the one hand and Clootwijk
Nordic honey development industry try process and pack (The Netherlands) on the other in South-West
South Ethiopia,
honey for export market by extracting liquid honey from Kaffa zone to produce, collect process and market
the honeycomb to sell for the global consumers. agricultural
tural products. The firm organizes and conducts
Consumers: The he honey produced in the study area practical and hands-onon training on all aspects of apiculture
passes through different chain actors to reach on the hand in Kaffa Zone.
of final consumers. Theree are two types of consumers who Beza mar agro- industry: - Provide capacity building
consume the honey produced in the study area. The first training for both smallholder honey producing farmers and
one is local consumers those who buy crude or processed for beekeepers cooperatives
ratives on techniques like harvesting
honey directly from producers, retailers shop and and handling to produce high quality honey in Sheka zone
processers consume the honey produced in the study area. Sheka Nordic Honey Development
evelopment Industry: Provide
They also includes local communities those who consume capacity building for smallholder honey producing farmers
'tej' and 'birz'.'. The main role of honey consumers in the by demonstration of improved honey production
study area was buying and consuming. The second type of techniques in Sheka zone
consumer is global consumers those who buy exported Districts Trade and Market Development Offices:
honey consume it out of the country. Provide
rovide support in controlling illegal traders that has no
3.2.2. Honey Value Chain Supporters
upporters license for
or trading, give license for them and controlling
The main honey value chain supporters who facilitate quality of honey
performance of the major value chain actors in the study Research Institutions: Provide
rovide technical support, like
area are:- training and capacity building for beekeepers, cooperatives
Districts Livestock and Fishery office:
office They provide and for development on different aspects of beekeeping.
support for both smallholder beekeepers and cooperatives
c Micro Finance Office: Itt supports the sector through
in the districts on honey production and marketing. They providing credit services for traders and cooperatives as
give advice to use modern hives to improve the quality credit supply is one of the major supporting activities of
and quantity of honey produced in the districts. They also honey value chain.
provide training on how to construct modern hive 3.2.3. Mapping Value Chain
hain Actors, Supporters and
(Chefeka hive) from locally
lly available material. In line with Heir Functions
production advice they provide the advice for smallholder In the study area,, there are different actors and
beekeepers regarding honey marketing to sell their product supporters involved along honey value chain, upstream
through cooperatives or to be organized and sell their from input supply to downstream consumers each with
product in mass to high value markets. different roles. These are interconnected with main
Kaffa Forest Honey Union: is a collection of different channels in which honey flows to reach the consumers are
beekeeping and marketing cooperatives organized to work mapped below.
on bee products in Kaffa zone. It collects from the honey
cooperatives in the zone, process and exports honey.