Strato2000 Service Manual - Rev3 PDF

STRATO 2000 0051
Digital
Service Manual
Release 30 January 2008 (Rev. 3)
SERVICE MANUAL
Revision history
Revision history
Rev. Date Page/s Modification description
0 05.05.06 - Document approval.

1 05.09.06 i, ii, iii, iv, 3-20, 3-21, 4-1, Release of SW version 6.02 (Ceph arm
from 6-15 to 6-24, calibration procedure, Soft Tissue
from 7-12 to 7-54, Filter setting procedure, password 93 -
from 8-1 to 8-106, Soft Tissue Filter motor selection).
from 9-3 to 9-49, Release of SW version 6.03 (password
9-85, 10-12, 10-16, 95 – Minimum kV value setting).
10-17, 12-2 (Ref. RDM 6447, RDM 6483)
2 11.01.07 iv, 1-1, 1-2, 2-5, 3-2, 3-3, Improvement of Installation,

3-4, 3-17, 3-18, 3-19, Maintenance and servicing and
from 4-1 to 4-5, Troubleshooting procedure.
from 6-18 to 6-22, Release of “DXP 2007 Edition” kit
7-6, 7-21, including Implant examination.
from 7-27 to 7-31, (Ref. RDM 6540, RDM 6566)
7-33, 7-34,
from 7-44 to 7-54,
8-2, 8-4, 8-9, 8-25, 8-87,
8-88, 8-89, 9-85, 10-10,
10-16, 10-17
3 30.01.08 All New CPU board.
Improvement of Ceph arm mounting
procedure.
New Implant bite block.
Schematics and drawings update.
Spare Parts update.
Modified name from "STRATO 2000 D"
to "STRATO 2000 Digital".
(Ref. RDM 6554, RDM 6639, RDM 6666,
RDM 6679, RDM 6680, RDM 6684, RDM 6768)
(Rev. 3) STRATO 2000 Digital

SERVICE MANUAL
Revision history
THIS PAGE IS INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
STRATO 2000 Digital (Rev. 3)

SERVICE MANUAL
Contents
Contents
1. INTRODUCTION 1-1
1.1. Icons appearing in the manual ............................................................ 1-2
1.2. How to contact VILLA SISTEMI MEDICALI technical service ................ 1-2
2. SAFETY INFORMATION 2-1

2.1. Warnings ............................................................................................. 2-2
2.2. Environmental risks and displacement ................................................ 2-5
2.3. Symbols used ...................................................................................... 2-6
3. DESCRIPTION 3-1
3.1. Identification labels and laser labels .................................................... 3-1
3.2. Function, Models and Version ............................................................. 3-3
3.2.1. Panoramic examination ....................................................................3-3
3.2.2. Version with cephalometric device ....................................................3-3
3.2.3. DXP (Digital Extended Program) .......................................................3-4
3.3. Parts location....................................................................................... 3-5
3.4. Location of electronic components ....................................................... 3-7
3.5. Block diagram ..................................................................................... 3-8
3.5.1. Power supply assembly.....................................................................3-9
3.5.2. CPU Board (A1) ..............................................................................3-10
3.5.3. HF Board (A2) and Tubehead..........................................................3-12
3.5.4. Keyboard .......................................................................................3-13
3.6. Control panel - Descriptions and functions........................................ 3-16
3.6.1. Key functions description ...............................................................3-19
3.7. Service programs description ............................................................. 3-20
3.7.1. Hardware configuration password...................................................3-20
3.8. Service tools ...................................................................................... 3-21
4. TECHNICAL DATA 4-1

4.1. Applied safety regulations.................................................................... 4-6
4.2. Loading curve of the tube and cooling curve of the anode .................... 4-7
4.3. Measurement method of technical factors............................................ 4-9
4.4. Verify method of exposure parameters ............................................... 4-10
4.5. Dimensions........................................................................................ 4-14
5. PRE-INSTALLATION 5-1
5.1. Electrical setting up............................................................................. 5-2
5.2. Packaging ............................................................................................ 5-4
5.3. Space requirements ............................................................................. 5-5
5.3.1. Version without CEPH ......................................................................5-5
5.3.2. Version with CEPH ...........................................................................5-6
(Rev. 3) i STRATO 2000 Digital

SERVICE MANUAL
Contents
6. INSTALLATION 6-1
6.1. Setting of the wall ................................................................................6-2
6.2. Column mounting................................................................................6-3
6.3. Mounting of the rotating arm assembly................................................6-6
6.4. Mounting of the chin-rest arm .............................................................6-8
6.5. Digital sensor holder mounting ............................................................6-9
6.6. Mounting of ceph-arm (Optional) .......................................................6-10
6.7. Mechanical alignment check ..............................................................6-14
6.7.1. PANORAMIC alignment check ........................................................ 6-14
6.7.2. CEPH alignment check................................................................... 6-16
6.8. How to mount the coverings...............................................................6-24
6.9. Covering mounting for the Ceph arm .................................................6-25
7. MAINTENANCE AND SERVICING 7-1

7.1. Verification and centering adjustment .................................................7-3
7.1.1. Axes alignment for the PANORAMIC function.................................... 7-3
7.1.1.1. Centering the RO(tation), AX (X-axis) and
AY (Y-axis) axes via the laser ............................................... 7-5
7.1.2. Centering the X-ray beam for the PANORAMIC function.................. 7-10
7.1.3. Axes alignment for the CEPH function ............................................ 7-14
7.1.3.1. Rotation arm alignment .................................................... 7-16
7.1.3.2. Ear Centering Circles setting............................................. 7-20
7.1.3.2.1. Projection of Non-Concentric Ear Centering Circles......7-23
7.1.3.2.2. Projection of Vertically Non-Concentric Ear
Centering Circles ...........................................................7-24
7.1.3.3. Secondary collimator centering ......................................... 7-25
7.1.3.4. CEPH Sensor centering ..................................................... 7-28
7.1.3.5. Soft Tissue Filter (STF) adjustment.................................... 7-32
7.2. Verify of kV and exposure time ..........................................................7-35
7.2.1. kVp ............................................................................................... 7-38
7.2.2. Time .............................................................................................. 7-38
7.3. mA Check ..........................................................................................7-39
7.4. Storing of automatical exposure parameters ......................................7-40
7.4.1. Exposure parameter....................................................................... 7-40
7.4.2. Soft Tissue Filter ............................................................................ 7-41
7.4.3. Storing parameters ........................................................................ 7-41
7.4.4. Table of pre-set anatomic parameters ............................................. 7-42
7.5. STRATO 2000 Digital Software Utilities..............................................7-45
8. TROUBLESHOOTING 8-1
8.1. Displayed messages .............................................................................8-1
8.2. LEDs....................................................................................................8-7
8.2.1. CPU board LED................................................................................ 8-8
8.2.2. H.F. board LED................................................................................ 8-9
8.2.3. Power supply LED group .................................................................. 8-9
STRATO 2000 Digital ii (Rev. 3)

SERVICE MANUAL
Contents
8.3. Service programs descriptions ........................................................... 8-10

8.3.1. Password 89 ..................................................................................8-12
8.3.2. Password 90 ..................................................................................8-13
8.3.3. Password 92 ..................................................................................8-14
8.3.4. Password 93 ..................................................................................8-15
8.3.5. Password 94 ..................................................................................8-16
8.3.6. Password 95 ..................................................................................8-17
8.3.6.1. Input ports test .................................................................8-18
8.3.6.2. Keyboard test ....................................................................8-21
8.3.6.2.1. ERROR 560: One or more buttons pressed at
start-up ......................................................................... 8-22
8.3.6.2.2. ERROR 561: X-ray button released during emission ... 8-24
8.3.6.2.3. ERROR 562: X-ray button pressed during start-up or
during exam preparation .............................................. 8-24
8.3.6.2.4. ERROR 563: Remote X-ray button pressed during
start-up or during exam preparation ............................ 8-24
8.3.6.3. kV / mA Piloting Circuits Test ...........................................8-25
8.3.6.3.1. ERROR 550: No voltage present on HF board .............. 8-27
8.3.6.3.2. ERROR 551: Overvoltage .............................................. 8-28
8.3.6.3.3. ERROR 552: Overload................................................... 8-29
8.3.6.3.4. ERROR 553: Broken filament....................................... 8-29
8.3.6.3.5. ERROR 554: No X-ray output....................................... 8-30
8.3.6.3.6. ERROR 555: X-ray output too long............................... 8-31
8.3.7. Password 102.................................................................................8-32
8.3.8. Password 118.................................................................................8-33
8.3.8.1. X-Axis Zero (M5 Motor)......................................................8-35
8.3.8.1.1. ERROR 500................................................................... 8-37
8.3.8.2. Y-Axis Zero (M4 Motor) ......................................................8-39
8.3.8.2.1. ERROR 501................................................................... 8-42
8.3.8.3. Rotation Axis Zero (M3 Motor) ...........................................8-44
8.3.8.3.1. ERROR 502................................................................... 8-47
8.3.8.3.2. ERROR 542: Collision of the rotating arm .................... 8-49
8.3.8.3.3. ERROR 541 / ERROR 543: panoramic sensor holder
not in Panoramic / Ceph position................................. 8-49
8.3.8.3.4. ERROR 600: Reset button pressed during movement
or exam preparation...................................................... 8-49
8.3.8.4. X-Y-Rotation time-out motor zeroing..................................8-50
8.3.8.4.1. ERROR 504................................................................... 8-50
8.3.8.5. Primary Collimator motor (M7) ..........................................8-51
8.3.8.5.1. ERROR 580: Zero sensor always darkened /
ERROR 592: Unexpected limit switch activation /
ERROR 595: Motor timeout during slit primary
collimator movement / ERROR 546: Primary slit
collimator limit sensor not found .................................. 8-54
8.3.8.6. Soft Tissue Filter motor (M6) .............................................8-56
8.3.8.6.1. ERROR 520: Motor time out during STF movement /
ERROR 521: STF stopped at the limit switch /
ERROR 522: Limit switch not found / ERROR 523
Soft Tissue Filter zero sensor always active................... 8-58
8.3.8.7. Column motor (Column test) .............................................8-60
(Rev. 3) iii STRATO 2000 Digital

SERVICE MANUAL
Contents
8.3.9. Password 124 ................................................................................ 8-63

8.3.9.1. Rotation axis position ....................................................... 8-67
8.3.9.2. Secondary Collimator motor (M8) ...................................... 8-70
8.3.9.2.1. ERROR 581 The zero sensor of ceph secondary collimator
is always active / ERROR 591 unexpected limit switch
activation CEPH secondary collimator motor / ERROR 594
CEPH secondary collimator Motor timeout / ERROR 545
CEPH secondary collimator Limit sensor not found .....8-73
8.3.9.3. CEPH sensor motor (M9) ................................................... 8-75
8.3.9.3.1. ERROR 582 The zero sensor of ceph sensor is always
active / ERROR 590 Unexpected limit switch activation
CEPH sensor motor / ERROR 593 CEPH sensor zeroing
timeout / ERROR 544 CEPH sensor motor limit sensor
not found .......................................................................8-78
8.3.9.4. Lining-up test ................................................................... 8-79
8.3.9.5. Soft Tissue Filter (STF) offset ............................................. 8-80
8.3.9.6. Soft Tissue Filter (STF) % of correction .............................. 8-82
8.3.10. Password 130 ................................................................................ 8-84
8.3.11. Password 143 ................................................................................ 8-85
8.4. Memory errors ...................................................................................8-87
8.4.1. ERROR 570: Checksum error on flash eprom ................................. 8-87
8.4.2. ERROR 571-572-573-574-575 ....................................................... 8-87
8.5. Generic errors....................................................................................8-88
8.5.1. ERROR 503 ................................................................................... 8-88
8.5.2. ERROR 506 / 515.......................................................................... 8-88
8.5.3. ERROR 507 ................................................................................... 8-88
8.5.4. ERROR 601 ................................................................................... 8-89
8.5.5. ERROR 602 ................................................................................... 8-89
8.5.6. ERROR 9xx.................................................................................... 8-89
8.6. Search and correction of possible defects in dental radiographies ......8-90
8.6.1. Defects due to incorrect position of the patient ............................... 8-90
8.6.2. Defects due to incorrect radiological data input .............................. 8-91
8.6.3. Defects due to the unit ................................................................... 8-92
8.7. Analysis of the problems on the panoramic examinations ..................8-93
8.7.1. Proper positioning of the patient..................................................... 8-94
8.7.2. Error due to a bad patient's positioning .......................................... 8-96
8.7.3. Images with artefacts ................................................................... 8-104
9. SCHEMATICS AND DRAWINGS 9-1

10. SPARE PARTS 10-1
11. FIXING TEMPLATE 11-1
12. APPENDIX 12-1
12.1. Appendix A: Setup parameters table ..................................................12-1
12.2. Appendix B: Installation checklist......................................................12-3
This publication can only be reproduced, transmitted, transcribed or translated into

any human or computer language with the written consent of VILLA SISTEMI
MEDICALI S.p.a.
This manual in English is the original version.
STRATO 2000 Digital iv (Rev. 3)
SERVICE MANUAL
Introduction
1. INTRODUCTION
NOTE:
The present manual is updated for the product it is sold with in order to
grant an adequate reference in performing diagnostics and repair
operations normally carried out by the service engineer.
The manual may not reflect changes to the product not impacting service
operations.
STRATO 2000 Digital is an X-ray device for the radiographic

examinations of the maxillo-facial complex.
The device is designed to operate in conjunction with the Direct Digital
System, manufactured by Owandy – France.
Two models are available:

• PAN ONLY model equipped with a fixed primary collimator (NOT
upgradable with CEPH arm)
• PAN UPGRADABLE to DIGITAL CEPH model equipped with a slit
primary collimator that has two slots one for PAN type examinations
and the other for CEPH type examinations
The following options are available and must be ordered separately:

• Digital Extended Program (DXP); it allows the execution of the
following examinations:
– TMJ: Specific examinations for temporo-mandibular joint
– SINUS: Examination of nasal sinus
– A.D.A.: Advanced Dental Applications including: improved
orthogonal projection, frontal dentition and reduced
dose panoramic examinations
– IMPLANT: Linear Tomography for implantation procedure.
• DIGITAL CEPH (only on PAN UPGRADABLE machines); it allows the
execution of the following examinations, all available in high
resolution and normal resolution (high speed) modality:
− CEPH exam in different formats
− CARPUS exam.
This manual is limited to the description of the X-ray device; instruction

on the Digital Acquisition System are given in the relevant Manuals,
supplied with the Direct Digital Sensor.
The device must be used complying with the procedures described and
never be used for purposes different from those herewith indicated.
Please read this manual thoroughly before starting using the machine; it
is advisable to keep the manual near the device to refer to it while
operating.
(Rev. 3) 1-1 STRATO 2000 Digital

SERVICE MANUAL
Introduction
STRATO 2000 Digital is an electro-medical device and it can be used only

under the supervision of a physician or of highly qualified personnel,
with the necessary knowledge on X-ray protection.
The user is liable as concerns legal fulfilment related to the installation
and the operation of the device.
1.1. Icons appearing in the manual

This icon indicates a NOTE; please read thoroughly the items marked
by this picture.
This icon indicates a WARNING message; the items marked by this

icon refer to the safety aspects of the patient and/or of the operator.
1.2. How to contact VILLA SISTEMI MEDICALI technical

service
For any technical quieries please contact the following:
• Telephone number +39 02 48859288
• Fax number +39 02 48859222
• E-mail: dentalservice@villasm.com
STRATO 2000 Digital 1-2 (Rev. 3)

SERVICE MANUAL
Safety information
2. SAFETY INFORMATION
WARNING:
Please read this chapter thoroughly.
Villa Sistemi Medicali designs and builds its devices complying with the
related safety requirements; furthermore it supplies all information
necessary for a correct use and the warnings related to danger associated
with X-rays generating units.
Villa Sistemi Medicali, has not to be held responsible for:
• use of STRATO 2000 Digital different than the intended use,

• damages to the unit, to the operator, to the patient, caused both by
installation and maintenance procedures different than those
described in this manual and in the service manual supplied with the
unit, and by wrong operations,
• mechanical and/or electrical modifications performed during and
after the installation, different than those described in the service
manual.
Installation and any technical intervention must only be performed

by qualified technicians authorised by Villa Sistemi Medicali.
Only the authorised personnel can remove the covers and/or have
access to the components under tension.

SERVICE MANUAL
Safety information
2.1. Warnings
This device has not been designed for use in environments where
vapours, anaesthetic mixes flammable with air, or oxygen and nitrous
oxide can be detected.
Avoid pouring water, even accidentally, or other liquids into the device,
as this could cause short-circuits.
Before cleaning the device, be sure that main power supply has been
disconnected to the equipment. Pushing the ON/OFF button on the
basement of the equipment, it doesn’t have to switch on.
Wherever necessary, use the fit accessories, such as the leaded aprons,
to protect the patient from radiations.
While performing the radiography, no one, apart from the operator and
the patient, must remain in the room.
STRATO 2000 Digital has been built to support a continuous operation

at intermittent load; therefore please follow the described use cycles to
enable the device cooling down.
Though this unit has been designed with a quite acceptable protection
level from electromagnetic interference, it is advisable to install it at a
certain distance from electric energy transformation chambers, from
Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) units, from receiving-transmitting
units for amateurs use. Mobile telephones are only admitted at a
distance of more than 1,5 mt. from any component of the device.
Other medical instruments and devices that could be used in the

installation area of the device, must comply the Electromagnetic
Compatibility rules in force. Non-complying instruments, of which the
poor immunity from electromagnetic fields is well known, must be
installed at least 3 mt far from the STRATO 2000 Digital and supplied by
a different electrical line.
STRATO 2000 Digital must be off while using devices such as electrical
lancets or similar.
Please clean and disinfect, when necessary, all parts that can be in
contact with the patient.
Never try to rotate the moving arm manually when the units is
switched on, to avoid permanent damage to the unit.
After use, please replace the bite and the ear-centring devices.

SERVICE MANUAL
Safety information
The authorised technician must be sure that the unit is disconnected

from the main power supply before removing the coverings.
Though the X-ray quantity supplied by dental X-ray units is quite low
and distributed on a small surface, the operator must adopt the
precautions and/or fit protections for the patient and himself, during the
execution of radiography. It is advisable to control the X-ray emission
from a protected area, by means of a remote control. In case it is
necessary to operate near the patient, please stay as far as the cable of
the remote control allows it, or at least 1,5 mt far both from the X-ray
source and from the patient, as shown in the pictures below.
Figure 2-1 - Panoramic version
Figure 2-2: Cephalometric version

SERVICE MANUAL
Safety information
WARNING: PRECAUTIONS WHILE USING LASER CENTRING

DEVICES
• It is necessary an adequate illumination in the room.
• Do not look into the output windows of laser centring units.
• Do not stare at the reflections of laser pointers.
• Instruct the patient to keep his/her eyes closed as long as the laser
pointers are active.
• Before starting an examination, the patient must remove earrings,
glasses, necklaces and whatever else could reflect the laser beam or
be impressed on the radiographic image.
• Do not clean the openings of laser centring devices with tools that
could modify the optics. Necessary cleaning must be performed only
by authorised technicians. Different operations than those indicated
could cause the ejection of dangerous non-ionising radiations.
WARNING: PRECAUTIONS DURING INSTALLATION AND SERVICE

INTERVENTIONS
• Please take highest care while mounting the column at the wall and
strictly follow the instructions included in this manual.
• Before removing the covers of the supply unit located at the base of
the column, or before removing the covers of the HF generating
board, disconnect the supply to the device, both switching the main
switch and the magneto-thermal differential off, and wait at least
1 minute.
• Once removed the covers, pay the highest attention since high
tension is generated in the supply unit, and the voltage is at about
360 Vdc on the HF generator board. This is indicated by the green
LED H1. Should the LED be off, before any other intervention,
disconnect the device from the main power supply, wait at least 1
minute, then check the fuses F2 (10A) in the supply unit, or F1
(500mA) on the HF generator board (see circuit diagram code
58094016).
• Each intervention must be performed after having disconnected the
device from the main power supply and after LED H1 is OFF. It is
anyway advisable to wait at least 1 minute from the LED's switching
off.

SERVICE MANUAL
Safety information
2.2. Environmental risks and displacement

The device contains in some of its parts, materials and liquids that at the
end of the units life, must be disposed of at the fit disposal centres.
Particularly the device contains the following materials and/or

components.
• Tubehead: dielectric oil, lead, copper, iron, aluminium, glass,
tungsten.
• Control panel and remote control: iron, copper, aluminium, glass-
resin, non-biodegradable plastic material packaging.
• Column, rotating arm, and extensions: iron, lead, aluminium,
copper, glass-resin, and non-biodegradable plastic material.

SERVICE MANUAL
Safety information
2.3. Symbols used

In this manual and on the STRATO 2000 Digital itself, apart from the
symbols indicated on the control panel, also the following icons are used:
Symbols Description
Device with type B applied parts
The device contains in some of its parts, materials and

liquids that at the end of the units life, must be
disposed of at the fit disposal centres
∼ A.C.
N Connection point to the neutral conductor
L Connection point to the line conductor
Protection grounding
Operation grounding
OFF ; device not connected to the main power supply
ON ; device connected to the main power supply
Laser
Laser source output
Dangerous voltage
Conformity to the CE 93/42 Directive

0051

SERVICE MANUAL
Description
3. DESCRIPTION
3.1. Identification labels and laser labels
5, 6
1, 2, 3, 4
8, 9

SERVICE MANUAL
Description
1a 1b
STRATO 2000 Digital STRATO 2000 Digital
identification label (230V version) identification label (100V version)
3
Tube-head
identification label
2
PAN Digital Sensor
4a 4b
DXP - Digital Extension Program - DXP - Digital Extension Program -
identification label 2007 Edition
5 6
CEPHALOMETRIC device CEPH Digital Sensor
identification label identification label
7
Laser
Warning
label
8 9
(N° 2) Spot Laser (N° 2) Laser
identification label symbol label

SERVICE MANUAL
Description
3.2. Function, Models and Version
3.2.1. Panoramic examination
The Panoramic and DXP tests are carried out using a single slot of the
primary collimator.
The user can select between Adult and Child and among 3 sizes and 3
dental arch types for a total of 18 combinations in Automatic selection; in
manual selection it is possible to select high voltage between 50 kV and
80 kV, in 2 kV steps and anodic current from 4 mA to 10 mA in 1 mA
steps.
The basic version performs Panoramic and Emi-panoramic (for right or
left dental arch) examinations.
3.2.2. Version with cephalometric device
The version with cephalometric device enables to perform the following

examinations:
• Panoramic with the same characteristics described for the panoramic
examinations (paragraph 3.2.1)
• Digital cephalometry for Adult and Child with 3 Sizes. For each
combination it is possible the selection between High Resolution and
Normal Resolution for up 12 combinations in automatic selection. In
the Normal Resolution modality the scanning time is lower than in
High Resolution with a greater dose reduction. The Manual mode
enables to change the high voltage from 60kV to 80kV in 2kV steps
and the anode current from 4mA to 10mA or 12mA (on the basis of
selected kV) in 1mA steps. The positioning of slit primary collimator,
secondary collimator and sensor (placed inside its cover) is automatic
according to the selected image size and exam projection; the Soft
tissue filter (STF) is motorized and can be adjusted to get the best
projection of the face profile.
• Digital Carpus exam only for Child with 3 sizes. It is possible the
selection between High Resolution and Normal Resolution for up 6
combinations in automatic selection. In the Normal Resolution
modality the scanning time is lower than in High Resolution with a
greater dose reduction. The Manual mode enables to change the high
voltage from 50kV to 80kV in 2kV steps and the anode current from
4mA to 10mA or 12mA (on the basis of selected kV) in 1mA steps.
The positioning of slit primary collimator, secondary collimator and
sensor (placed inside its cover) is automatic according to the selected
image size and exam projection.

SERVICE MANUAL
Description
3.2.3. DXP (Digital Extended Program)
The DXP tests are carried out using the same primary collimator single
slot used for Panoramic tests.
This option adds the following examinations:
• A.D.A. (Advanced Dental Applications)
Allowing to perform improved orthogonality Panoramic examination,
frontal dentition and reduced dose panoramic examination.
The improved orthogonality Panoramic examination reduces the
overlapping of teeth in order to improve diagnosis of interproximal
caries.
The reduced dose panoramic examination allows the examination of
the dental arch exluding the temporo-mandibular joint structure.
The frontal dentition examination allows to get a better view of the
frontal part of the dental arch (aproximately from canine to canine)
thanks to a wider focal through in this region than in standard
panoramic examination.
• Sinus
Used to obtain images of the paranasal sinusis in frontal (front/back)
or lateral projection for right or left side.
• Implant
Used to obtain images of cross-sections of the dental arch, for
Implant medical treatment.
• TMJ
Used to carry out the following examinations:
– TMJ closed/open mouth in lateral projection
– TMJ in biaxial projection.
NOTE:
The code inserted into STRATO 2000 Digital to enable the optional
examinations is protected by an Unique Identification Code (UIC); in case
the UIC is not present or is faulty, an error E601 will be shown.
The Enter key "23" pressure will reset this condition, but at the
end of the start-up procedure only standard Panoramic examinations will

be enabled.
The UIC can be visualized on the system console by pressing at the same
time the Column up "27" and Column down "29" arrows.
The UIC is simply an identifier of the single STRATO 2000 Digital unit; in
case of error E601 contact Villa Sistemi Medicali Service department.

SERVICE MANUAL
Description
3.3. Parts location

2
2a
30
1
1a
Figure 3-1
1- Column with base equipped with electrical power part and cursor
with motorised vertical movement. The column must be fixed at the
wall by 4 dowels, two fixing the upper part and two fixing the lower.
The front part of the column is equipped with an housings closed by
two covers, within which it is possible to set 4 trays (1a) containing
the consumables (bites, rods, etc.) and options (supports, etc.).
2- X, Y axes movement unit and rotation support, (CPU board) with

rotating arm equipped with: HF tubehead with power supply board
(2a), primary collimator and laser centring devices.

SERVICE MANUAL
Description
3- Digital sensor holder.
4- Chin support arm equipped with: control keyboard, temple support,

chin-rest, centring bite and handles. The control panel is equipped
with a soft-key keyboard, indication LED for the selected functions
and an alphanumeric two-row display for all technical, operative
and warning messages.
5- Cephalometric arm (optional - not available on PAN ONLY version),

including cephalometric device, digital sensor, secondary collimator
and patient centering device (with laser alignment pointer directly
from the rotating arm), positioned on the left of the column.
30 - X-ray push button equipped with extendible cable, which allows the
user to operate the unit from proper distance as required by the
safety rules.

SERVICE MANUAL
Description
3.4. Location of electronic components
CPU BOARD
PANORAMIC
DIRECT DIGITAL
SENSOR AND
ELECTRONICS
HF GENERATOR
&
TUBEHEAD
BOARD
CEPHALOMETRIC
DIRECT DIGITAL COMMAND
SENSOR AND PANEL
ELECTRONICS
USB/2 CONNECTOR
POWER SUPPLY GROUP
Figure 3-2

SERVICE MANUAL
Description
3.5. Block diagram

This paragraph provides a brief description, at block diagram level, of the
STRATO 2000 Digital. Aim of this paragraph is to provide a brief
description of the system. More details about the electronic circuits
which compose the system can be obtained by analyzing the schematics
provided in chapter 9.
During the description of the block diagram, please refer to Figure 3-4.
From the electrical point of view, the system can be divided into 4 main
blocks:
• Power supply assembly
• CPU board (A1)
• HF board (A2) and tubehead
• Keyboard
Each of the main blocks above listed is here after described.
For information on the electronics of the Direct Digital Sensors, make

reference to the relevant Manual.

SERVICE MANUAL
Description
3.5.1. Power supply assembly
It is located in the base of the system and is mainly composed by the

mains switch (S1), a 24Vdc 7A switching mode power supply which
supplies all circuits of the machine excluding the column motor, and a
further power supply which supplies the column motor and the enabling
circuit for X-ray emission.
A further voltage of 230Vac is directly provided to the HF board and is
aimed at suppling the HF group (A2 board and tubehead).
The power supply assembly also acts as interface with a number of
external signals and circuits like:
• Input for remote X-ray push button (S31) and output to the CPU of
the same signal.
• Outputs for an "X-ray ON" external buzzer and for the "Ready" and
"X-ray ON" lamps.
• Driving of the DC column motor (M1): this motor can be activated
either through the CPU board, in case the movement is requested by
the operator acting on the keyboard, or through the switch S2
located in the rear part of the column base. This switch can be used
to raise/lower the column during the installation phase when the
CPU has not been yet connected to the system.
• Input for the emergency column motor microswitches (S2 and S3):
these microswitches indicates the limit for the movement of the
column. If for any reason, the column goes beyond these
microswitches, the motor is de-activated by cutting the voltage.
Normally, the position of the column is also monitored by other two
microswitches (S26 and S27) that, as for all the other positioning
sensors, provide their signals to the CPU board.
The unit does not include a voltage selector circuit for the mains voltage.
Therefore, the unit is manufactured in different versions, depending on
the line voltage of the installation place.

SERVICE MANUAL
Description
3.5.2. CPU Board (A1)
The STRATO 2000 Digital carries a dedicated CPU Board which can be
interfaced with the Digital Sensor.
It is located in the arm movement assembly on top of the unit. Main
tasks are:
• General controlling of the unit, receiving the signals from the
keyboard and from the different microswitches.
• Driving of the motors (combination of DC and stepper motors) which
compose the system.
• Monitoring the functioning of the motors through the analysis of the
signals coming from the positioning sensors.
• Driving of the HF group (HF board and tubehead) in order to provide
the X-ray doses set by the operator on the keyboard (kV and mA set
point) and in the meantime, check the functioning of this group
through the managing of the relevant alarm signals.
• Activation of the 3 luminous centering devices.
• Managing of the alarms that can be generated by anomalous
conditions present in the unit and caused by the operator or by a
fault.
The CPU board is based on a 32 bit Motorola Microprocessor MC68332,

mounted on a piggy-back PCB, which also includes:
• 512 Kbytes of Flash EPROM, containing the software and the system
configuration data (2 EPROM's for ODD and EVEN data)
• 512 Kbytes of RAM, (2 chips, ODD and EVEN)
• 12 bit, 8 channel serial A to D converter
• 2 channel, 8 bit serial D to A converter
• three bus transceivers
• a 32 kHz quartz
• other logic and passive components.
The CPU board also includes a number of input/output channels

necessary for the functioning of the system and stepper motors driving
stages based on integrated motor drivers. Each of these motors is
associated to positioning sensors that monitor their functioning. The
signals of these sensors is fed back to the CPU board, except the signals
of microswitches S2 and S3 (column motor) that, as already described
are fed back to the power supply assembly.
The number and the type of sensors depend on the function of each
motor, in general, microswitches are used.
Depending on the physical location of the motors on the machine, their

signals and the ones of the relevant positioning sensors are routed
directly to the CPU through dedicated cables, or passing through
interconnection boards located nearby.

SERVICE MANUAL
Description
The transmission of the motion from the motor to the relevant movement
assemblies is achieved through toothed belts (rotation motor, X axis
motor and Y axis motor) or through actuators (column motor and
primary collimator, soft tissue filter, secondary collimator and ceph
sensor).
The functioning of the different motors and relevant positioning sensors

can be tested through the use of the Service Programs (Passwords). For
more details, please refer to paragraph 8.3.
The circuits of the CPU board are supplied starting from the +24Vdc
provided by the Power supply assembly and generating on board the
requested voltages (+5V, +5VS and +12VS). Three LED's on the board
indicate the presence of these 3 voltages (+5V=LED H11,
+12VS=LED H13, +5VS=LED H10).

SERVICE MANUAL
Description
3.5.3. HF Board (A2) and Tubehead
The HF board and the tubehead are located on the rotating arm, very
close to each other. The power supply voltage (230Vac) is directly
provided by the Power supply assembly, passing through a filtering box
having the function to rectify the input voltage to generate a 360Vdc
voltage.
Dedicated switching circuits, directly located on the board, generate the

voltage used on the board itself (+12V/-12V).
Managing of the HF board is done by the main CPU board of the unit.
The high frequency (HF) circuit is based on an inverter circuit working at

the frequency about 30kHz, which drives the tubehead through an
output stage based on IGBT components.
The HF board receives the signals concerning the X-ray dose to provide
(kV and mA), directly from the CPU board. The HF board provides to the
tubehead the voltages that drive the high voltage transformers that then
drive anode and filament of the X-ray tube, also giving the relevant
timing.
The tubehead is composed by the radiogenic tube (CEI OPX/105)

inserted in a sealed container, together with the high voltage
transformers, filled with dielectric oil.
Checking of proper functioning of the X-ray emitting system is achieved

through the analysis of feed back signals generated inside the tubehead
and transmitted to the HF board. Possible anomalous conditions are then
communicated to the CPU board which in turn generates error codes to
alert the operator.

SERVICE MANUAL
Description
3.5.4. Keyboard
The keyboard is the interface with the operator, and is composed by the
following items:
• Matrix of keys, constituted by microswitches with short stroke,
necessary to activate the different available functions
• Signalling LED integrated in the touch panel
• LCD display equipped with back-light, composed by a matrix of 16
characters and 2 rows
• Keyboard PCB.
The keyboard PCB is directly connected to the CPU board which controls
it. The language of the messages shown on the display can be selected
among 5 different options (English, Italian, French, German and
Spanish). The language selection is only available for the messages
dedicated to the user. The messages relative to the service programs
(Password) are always in English.

SERVICE MANUAL
Description
Figure 3-3 - Block diagram PAN only version

SERVICE MANUAL
Description
Figure 3-4 – Block diagram CEPH version

SERVICE MANUAL
Description
3.6. Control panel - Descriptions and functions

STRATO 2000 Digital keyboard is divided into 8 functions areas, and a
display to view the messages and the error codes.
Next figure shows a general view of the keyboard, while details an each
functional area are provided in the following pages.
Signal LEDs Anatomical selection
Luminous
centering
devices
Command
confirm.
LED
Carriage
movement
(canine plane)
CEPH
functions
Exam.
setting
key
Control keys Examination mode selection Column movement
Exposure parameters
manual selection
Figure 3-5

SERVICE MANUAL
Description
Implant
Sinus
Cephalometric
Each key enables the selection of a

specific examination. The pre-set
examinations are:
Panoramic, TMJ open/closed mouth,
TMJ biaxial, Sinus, Implant and
Cephalometry.
TMJ open/closed
mouth
Biaxial TMJ Panoramic
It is possible to select the examinations

automatically (anatomic selection)
using pre-fixed exposure values. This
kind of selection enables to choose
between Adult/Child, each with three
different sizes (small, medium, large).
In panoramic, TMJ and Implant

examination mode, the system allows
Large the selection of the type of the dental
arch.
The arch key allows the selection
Medium among 3 different mouth
conformations: narrow - medium -
large.
Narrow The selection made is confirmed by the
activation of the corresponding LED.
The arch selection does not influence
the values of kV and mA but acts on
the position of the focus layer.
Furthermore there is the possibility to

select manually the exposure
parameters; in this case select at first
the parameter to be changed and
secondly, using the increasing and
reducing keys, set the required value.
The parameters available are: kV and
mA.

SERVICE MANUAL
Description
This area contains the keys which:

− control the tubehead arm
movements (canin plane) during the
patient positioning
− select IMPLANT tooth Command
confirm.
− select the exam format in LED
cephalometry
− set the position of the Soft Tissue
Filter
Setting
and the relevant confermation key. key
When the "Command confirmation
LED" is lit, it means that the key
must be pressed to confirm the

selected command.
There are two light indicators; the first

one on the left indicates the condition
"Machine Ready", indicating the user
that by pressing the X-ray button key
once more, X-rays emission will start;
the second led indicates the emission
of X-rays.
The movement of the column is

controlled by the related keys; for
safety’s sake, this control is performed
pressing two keys at the same time,
the central one and one of the two
lateral.
The left button is dedicated to the

center of sagittal, canine and Frankfurt
planes, thus adapting the STRATO
2000 Digital to the patient anatomy.
The right button is reserved for future
use.
Apart from the keys dedicated to the

selection of the examination functions,
part of the STRATO 2000 Digital
keyboard is dedicated to the services.
From left to right, we have: the "Test"
key (which disables the X-ray
emission during arm rotation), the
"Reset" key (to be pressed after the
unwanted release of the X-ray push
button "30" during exposure) and the
"Arm return" (to prepare the system
for the next examination).

SERVICE MANUAL
Description
3.6.1. Key functions description
Figure 3-6 - Control panel
LEGEND:
Messages Examination mode
Display: indicates operative messages, warnings and 14 - Implant (optional)
exposure parameters. 15 - Cephalometry (optional – not enabled on PAN
ONLY version)
Signal lights 16 - Sinus examination (optional)
1 - Led indicating the machine is ready for X-ray 17 - Panoramic
emission (green LED) 18 - TMJ closed mouth – open mouth (optional)
2 - Yellow LED indicating X-rays emission 19 - TMJ biaxial (optional)
Manual setting of exposure parameters Centring devices
3 - kV or mA increasing 20 - Saggital, Frankfurt and Canine Plane centring unit
4 - Seconds 21 - Button not active
5 - mAmpere
6 - kV or mA reduction Patient centring
7 - KVolt 22 - Moving canine plane,
selection of quadrant (Implant) and
Preparation functions Cephalometry exam selection
8 - Key to set Test function 23 - Confirmation key
9 - Reset, axes alignment and enabling to modify 24 - Soft Tissue Filter positioning and
exam modes selection of tooth (Implant)
10 - Positioning of the rotation unit to start the 25 - Moving canine plane,
selected examination or return of the unit for a selection of quadrant (Implant) and
new setting Cephalometry exam selection
Anatomic selection 26 - Soft Tissue Filter positioning and
11 - Adult or Child (green LED) selection of tooth (Implant)
12 - Small, medium or large size (green LED) Height adjustment
13 - Wide, normal or narrow arch (for Panoramic, 27 + 28 - Column up
TMJ closed / open mouth and Implant 29 + 28 - Column down
exposure) (green LED)

SERVICE MANUAL
Description
3.7. Service programs description

STRATO 2000 Digital allows the authorised technicians to access to the
different functional parameters of the unit through a dedicated software
composed by the following service programs. Each service program can
be accessed through a dedicated password.
The service programs available are the following:
• Password 94: test of a number of HW components in the system
• Password 102: allows reading of the parameters stored into the
non-volatile memory of the unit (e.g. motor offset)
• Password 118: test on motors/positioning sensors, setting of the
zero offsets of the axes and the collimators
• Password 124 (not enabled on PAN ONLY version): digital ceph zero
offsets and test on motors/positionig sensors of the ceph arm.
• Password 130: language setting for the displayed messages (the
Service messages are always in English)
• Password 143: display and reset of the counters for the various
examinations. Display of total time of the system's exposure.
The above mentioned programs are described at paragraph 8.3 of this

manual.
3.7.1. Hardware configuration password
Four special passwords are used to configure the proper hardware for the
Digital Version.
These configuration is accessed in a different way with respect to the
above listed service program passwords:
• Password 89: primary collimator type selection
• Password 90: digital version selection
• Password 92: CPU type selection
• Password 93: Soft Tissue Filter motor type selection
• Password 95: kV minimum value setting.
The above mentioned programs are described at paragraph 8.3 of this

manual.

SERVICE MANUAL
Description
3.8. Service tools

The unit is supplied equipped by the following tools:
Code Description Function
39099004 Upper template Template for the upper fixing of the

column
Furthermore, the following service kit is available:
Code Description Function
54099005 Fluorescent screen

Used for Panoramic function
54089021 Round centering tool
adjustment and calibration
54099002 Flat centring tool
52099009 Sensor centering tool
61099021 Sensor calibration tool Used for Cephalometric arm adjustment
58093221 Calibration programs and calibration
CD

SERVICE MANUAL
Description

SERVICE MANUAL
Technical data
4. TECHNICAL DATA
General features
Type STRATO 2000 Digital

Manufacturer VILLA SISTEMI MEDICALI
Buccinasco (MI) Italia
Class Class I with type B applied parts
according to IEC 60601-1
Protection degree IP20

Rated line voltage ∼
230V∼ ∼
100V∼
Line frequency 50Hz 50-60 Hz
Maximum line current 8 AT 17 AT
Power consumption 1.8 kVA 1.9 kVA
Protection fuse (F2) 10 AF 10 AT
Transformer protection fuse T1 (F1) 0.8 A T 3 AT
Controls supply protection fuse (F5) 0.5 A T 0.5 A T
Column motor protection fuse (F3, F4) 7AT 7AT
Line apparent resistance 0.5 Ω max 0.25 Ω max
Rated output voltage (kVp) 50 ÷ 80 kVp in 2 kVp steps
(see Note)
Anodic current 4 ÷ 10 mA in 1 mA steps for PAN, TMJ,
SINUS and IMPLANT
4 ÷ 12 mA in 1 mA steps for Ceph (up to
76kVp)
4 ÷ 10 mA in 1 mA steps for Ceph (up to
80kVp)
CEPH sensor cover additional filtration 0.4 mm Al eq. @ 70 kVp
NOTE:
During installation, the rated output voltage range can be reduced to
60 ÷ 80 kVp in 2 kVp steps according to the local rules.

SERVICE MANUAL
Technical data
Exposure time
Panoramic (PAN) 15 s PAN Adult / 13.5 s PAN Child
Emi Panoramic 8 s Adult / Child
Improved orthogonality Panoramic 11.5 s Adult / Child
Reduced dose panoramic 11.8 s Adult / Child
Frontal Dentition 7.7 s Adult / Child
TMJ open/closed mouth 5.3 s Adult / Child per image for left and
right joint in open and closed condition
(total time 11 s)
TMJ biaxial 10.6 s (total time) Adult /Child
Sinus P/A projection 10.3 s Adult /Child
Sinus lateral projection 5.2 s Adult / Child each side
Implant Exposure time variable according to the
mode set and the tooth selected
Cephalometry Exposure time variable according to the
type of resolution and format selected
Exposure time accuracy ± 10 %
Examination programs
Examination selection • Automatic selection for Adult and
Child, 3 sizes, 3 arches (in Panoramic
and TMJ)
• Automatic selection for Adult and
Child, 3 sizes (in biaxial TMJ, Sinus
and Cephalometry)
• Automatic selection for Adult, 3 sizes,
3 arches (in IMPLANT)
• Automatic selection for Child, 3 sizes
(Carpus)
• Manual selection
• Collimator with automatic positioning
Panoramic • Standard Panoramic
• Emi Panoramic
• Improved orthogonality Panoramic
• Reduced Dose Panoramic
• Frontal Dentition
TMJ (Temporal Mandibular Joint) • TMJ open and closed mouth
• TMJ biaxial
SINUS • Maxillary SINUS
• Lateral SINUS

SERVICE MANUAL
Technical data
Examination programs
IMPLANT • 2 section (one longitudinal and one
transversal)
• 4 section (one longitudinal and three
transversal)
Cephalometry and Carpus • Normal Resolution Cephalometry
(not available on PAN ONLY version) Latero-Lateral or Antero-Posterior
projections (different formats)
• High Resolution Cephalometry Latero-
Lateral or Antero-Posterior projections
(different formats)
• Normal and High Resolution Carpus
exam
Image magnification
PAN and TMJ open/closed mouth, 1 : 1.23 (constant)
Maxillary/Lateral SINUS
TMJ biaxial 1 : 1.20 (average)
IMPLANT 1 : 1.27 (constant)
Cephalometry 1: 1.1 (average)
No. of images in TMJ (open/closed 4
mouth/biaxial)
X-ray tube characteristics
Manufacturer CEI Bologna (Italia)
Type OPX 105
Nominal focus size 0.5 IEC 336
Inherent filtration 0.5 mm Al eq.
Anode tilt 5°
Anode material Tungsten
Nominal maximum voltage 105 kVp
Filament max current 4A
Filament max voltage 8V
Anode thermal capacity 30 kJ

SERVICE MANUAL
Technical data
Tubehead characteristics
Model MS 05
Manufacturer Villa Sistemi Medicali S.p.A.
20090 Buccinasco (MI) Italia
Maximum tube voltage 80 kVp
kVp accuracy ±8%
Max. anodic current 12 mA
Anodic current accuracy ± 10 %
Duty cycle 1 : 16
Nominal power 0.96 kW (80 kVp - 12 mA)
Total filtration 2.5 mm Al eq. @ 70 kVp
HVL (Half value layer) >2.5 mm Al eq. @ 80 kVp
Transformer insulation Oil bath
Cooling By convection
Leakage radiation at 1 m < 0.5 mGy/h @ 80 kVp - 12 mA - 3 s
duty cycle 1/16
Reference time product current 1.2 mAs (6mA for 200msec)
Laser centering devices
3 laser beams are used for the patient positioning; beams align mid Sagittal,
Frankfurt and Canine Planes (please refer to relevant paragraphs for detailed
explanation).
Wave length 635 nm
Optical power of laser diode 5 mW
Optical power of the collimed beam 4.5 nW
Divergence 6.67 mRad
Optical power on the working surface < 3 mW
Laser class 2M
DNRO in 30 s application period 0.05 m

SERVICE MANUAL
Technical data
Mechanical characteristics
Focus-receptor distance 51 cm (20")

(PAN, TMJ, SINUS and IMPLANT)
Focus-receptor distance (CEPH) 165 cm (65’’)
Telescopic motorized column run 67 cm (26.4")
Total height max. 232 cm (91.3")
Width x Length • 100 x 125 cm (39.4" x 49.2") without
CEPH version
• 177x 125 cm (39.4" x 49.2") with
CEPH version
Weight • 130 kg without CEPH
• 145 kg with CEPH
Column weight 72 kg
Weight of arm support, rotating arm and 48 kg
tubehead
Weight of the chin rest arm 8 kg
Environmental features
Working area • 130 x 130 cm (51.2"x51.2") without

(please refer to paragraph 5.3) CEPH
• 190 x 130 cm (74.8" x 51.2") with
CEPH
Minimum height ceiling 250 cm (98.5")
(please refer to paragraph 5.3)
Temperature in working condition + 10° ÷ + 40°
RH (related humidity) in working 30% ÷ 75%
condition
Temperature for transport and storing - 20° ÷ + 70°
Humidity for transport and storing < 95% without condense
Min. atmospheric pressure for transport 630 hPa
and storing

SERVICE MANUAL
Technical data
4.1. Applied safety regulations

STRATO 2000 Digital complies with the following standards:
• General safety:
IEC 60601-1
IEC 60601-2-7
IEC 60601-2-28
IEC 60601-2-32
• Electromagnetic compliance:
IEC 60601-1-2
• Protection against radiation:

IEC 60601-1-3
• Laser safety:
IEC 60825-1
0051 The symbol CE grants that STRATO 2000 Digital

complies with directives 93/42 for medical devices issued
by the European Community.
Classification
STRATO 2000 Digital is an electro-medical X-ray device belonging to
Class 1 and Type B as per classification IEC 601-1, foreseen for a
continuous working at intermittent load.
According to CE 93/42 directive for medical devices, the equipment
belongs to class II B.

SERVICE MANUAL
Technical data
4.2. Loading curve of the tube and cooling curve of the

anode
Tube "CEI - OPX / 105" (0.5 IEC 336)
Load
Anode cooling curve

SERVICE MANUAL
Technical data
Cooling curve of Tubehead
E(KJ)
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
0 100 200 300 400 500
min

SERVICE MANUAL
Technical data
4.3. Measurement method of technical factors
WARNING:
These measurements require the removal of the HF group covers; this
means to gain access to internal parts where high voltage are normally
present.
For the measurement of the exposure parameters with the invasive

method, please follow the procedure described in paragraphs 7.2 and 7.3
of this manual.
WARNING:
During the panoramic examination, the set value of kV and tube current
varies according to a pre-determined curve in order to compensate the
different absorption of X-ray beam due to different anatomical structures.
In this way, it is possible to obtain a good uniformity of the image’s
contrast. Particularly, the chosen value is lowered on the initial phase of
the panoramic and increased on the scissors/canine zone, in order to
compensate the effect of the cervical spine.
The value displayed during the panoramic examination corresponds to
the to chosen one, while the istantaneusly value can be different; these
effects must be considered in case of measure of the exposure factors
using standard diagnostic mode. As an example, the variation follows the
curve hereafter:
Set value Actual value mA
Actual value kV
Accuracy declared on the section "Technical data" is referred to the

actual value of kV and/or mA. In any case, manufacturer guarantees
that the accuracy of loading factors is always compliance with the
international standard for safety of medical devices IEC 601-1.
Particularly, in accordance with IEC 601-2-7, the maximum deviation
(including the correction and instrument’s accuracy) is less than or equal
to ±10 for kV, while for tube current is less than or equal to ± 15%.

SERVICE MANUAL
Technical data
4.4. Verify method of exposure parameters

The exposure parameters can also be verified using the so called
"non-invasive method".
NOTE:
The instruments normally used for the measurement of the exposure
parameters (kVp) with the non-invasive method, have an intrinsic
measurement non-linearity when used to measure low dose radiations.
This non-linearity can lead to measuring errors clearly not due to the
STRATO 2000 Digital.
As example, please see the next diagram where the sensitivity curve of a
normal measuring instrument is shown. Working outside the dark area,
the instrument is not linear.
The exposure parameters can be checked with a non-invasive

instrument.
WARNING:
The machine primary collimator, both the fix one on PAN ONLY machine
and the slit primary collimator, give a narrow X-ray beam.
Measurement by a non invasive kV meter on a very narrow beam can be
difficult and/or unreliable and special probes with reduced sensitive area
must be used.
It may result helpful to use a fluorescent screen to locate the X-ray beam
and consequently position the probe of the kV meter.

SERVICE MANUAL
Technical data
The procedure to measure kVp by a non-invasive kV meter is the

following:
1. With the unit on, select the Panoramic examination mode by pressing
key "17" .
2. Press keys "10" , "28" and "24" at the same
time. LED’s of "patient type", "patient size" and "Arch" switch off and
the display shows the following two messages alternatively
R E M O V E
C H I N R E S T
and
C L O S E
T E M P L E S U P P O R T
NOTE:
The following operations is a confirmation that the above points have
been performed.
NOTE:
This program allows you to carry out the measuring of the exposure
parameters having the tubehead-arm in a fixed position (not rotating).
3. Carry out the actions mentioned above; press key "23" ; the
unit will carry out a movement to reach the "zero" position.
During this phase, the display shows:
P L E A S E W A I T . . .
At the end of this phase , the display shows:
O P E N
C A S S E T T E U N I T

SERVICE MANUAL
Technical data
4. After having opened to Ceph position the sensor support the display
shows:
while the primary collimator is placed in PAN position and the Soft
Tissue Filter outside the X-ray field.
5. The display shows:
R X P A R A M E T E R S
7 0 k V 0 8 m A 1 . 0 0 S
6. Place the measuring instrument over the chin support.
7. Acting on keys "4" and "7" and on keys "3" or
"6" set the exposure parameters to carry out the desidered
checks.
The variation range of the parameters is shown in the following table
(see also NOTE at page 4-10):
Parameter Minimum value Maximum value

kV 50 80
s 0,2 15
NOTE:
Acting on key "5" and then on keys "3" or "6" the
mA value can be changed.

The mA value ranges from 4 to 12 (1 mA step).
WARNING:
X-ray will be emitted during the performance of the following operations.
Authorised technicians are therefore recommended to use the greatest
caution and to comply with the safety regulations and laws of their
country.

SERVICE MANUAL
Technical data
8. Perform an exposure; the emitted parameters (kV and Time) can be

read on the measuring instrument.
NOTE:
The performances are guaranteed if the measurement of kV and mA is
done with the invasive method (see paragraph 7.2 and 7.3).
9. To quit this routine, press key "9" ; the display will show:
C L O S E C A S S E T T E
T O P A N O R A M I C
In case of fixed collimator jump to step 10.

After closing the sensor holder to Panoramic position (the position is
sensed by the unit), the display will show the following message:
P R E S S E N T E R
Press key "23" ; the unit will carry out the zeroing and will set
itself in the patient entry position; the display will show:
10. The display will show:
S T D . P A N O R A M I C
x x k V x x m A 1 5 . 0 s
and the unit returned at a standard mode.

SERVICE MANUAL
Technical data
4.5. Dimensions
Figure 4-1 - Base version

SERVICE MANUAL
Technical data
Figure 4-2: Version with Cephalometric unit

SERVICE MANUAL
Technical data

SERVICE MANUAL
Pre-installation
5. PRE-
PRE-INSTALLATION
INSTALLATION
The instructions indicated in this and in the following chapter enable to
perform a correct installation in order to grant a regular operation of
The supplier can supply the assistance and the necessary technical
advice for pre-installation, all masonry works and the pre-installation
phase are at the customer’s charge and must be performed complying
with the indications given below.
The requirements for a correct installation of STRATO 2000 Digital are:

• minimum height of the room: 2.5 mt. and a surface as indicated in
the picture at paragraph 5.3
• a certain distance from heating devices
• the entries in the room, for the transport of the unit, must have a
minimum width of 80 cm.
WARNING:
In all its versions, STRATO 2000 Digital must be fixed at the wall by the
two brackets supplied, which have to be fixed by the dowels enclosed.
Each dowel must support a max. extraction force of 120 kg.
The fixing dowels to be employed, for any kind of wall, are the following:
• full bricks: supplied dowels (cast-iron dowels for the upper bracket
and plastic dowels for the lower one)
• wood mountings: self tapping screws
• hollow bricks: optional chemical dowels (code VSM 6660132000).

SERVICE MANUAL
Pre-installation
5.1. Electrical setting

setting up
• Single-phase grounding supply 230V ~ 100V ~

• Frequency 50Hz 50-60Hz
• Power consumption 1840VA 1900VA
• Current consumption 8A 17A
• Apparent line resistance 0.5 Ω max 0.25 Ω max
NOTE:
The device is supplied as unit to be installed permanently.
Please DO NOT connect the unit to the line using a normal socket, to
avoid compromising the electrical safety.
The unit must be connected to a differential magneto-thermal

switch, to divide the unit from the supply. This switch must comply
the electrical regulations in force in the country of installation.
• Minimal characteristics a 230V : working voltage 250V, current
16 A and differential current: 30 mA.
• Minimal characteristics a 100V : working voltage 150V, current
25 A and differential current: 30 mA.
The supply conductors must have a 1,5 mm2 section.

The general grounding must comply with the rules in force; a wrong
quality of the grounding could be dangerous for the operator’s safety and
cause a bad function of the electrical devices.
NOTE:
STRATO 2000 Digital, complying with IEC 60601-2-7 standard, IS SET
TO connect, at the entrance of the X-ray room, the following control and
warning devices:
• REMOTE X-RAYS BUTTON: "Dead-man" remote control, enables to
perform the exam at a distance, the operator can stand outside the
X-ray emission area. Terminal board X0 pin 8 and 9.
• READY light: Green light (24V 40W max.), it signals that the
machine is ready to perform the exam. Terminal board X0 pin 10 and
11 (contact N.O.).
• X-RAYS light: Yellow light (24V 40 W max.) it signals the entry in the
X-ray room is forbidden, since an exposure is on the run. Terminal
board X0 pin 12 and 13 (contact N.O.).
• BEEPER: Outer acoustical signal (24V max.), it indicates entrance in
the X-ray room is forbidden since an exposure is on the run.
Terminal board X0 pin 14 and 15 (contact N.O.).

SERVICE MANUAL
Pre-installation
NOTE:
The electrical connection must be done on the terminal board X0 (see
operation circuit diagram – chapter 9).
NOTE:
The unit only provides the closing contacts relative to the above
mentioned functions. Power voltages for the relevant devices have to be
provided from outside, making sure not to exceed the indicated ratings.
To connect all control and warning devices it is advisable to set 8 wires

with 0.5 mm² section.

SERVICE MANUAL
Pre-installation
5.2. Packaging
STRATO 2000 Digital in base version is delivered in two carton-board
boxes; the device equipped with Cephalometric unit will be delivered in
three boxes. Net weight, gross weight and the contents of the packaging
are indicated in the following table:
Weight
Contents
Net Gross
- Axis movement device, complete with

tubehead
55 kg 90 kg
- Digital sensor holder
- Accessories
- Column complete with base

- Chin-rest arm and keyboard 105 kg 130 kg
- Various coverings
- Cephalometric device
- Secondary collimator
25 kg 42 kg
- Coverings
- Accessories for Cephalometric device
WARNING:
Before unpacking the different components of the equipment, read
carefully paragraph 6.3 of this manual.
Villa Sistemi Medicali will not bear any responsibility for damages
caused to the equipment due to improper unpackaging procedure,
and for the relevant costs.

SERVICE MANUAL
Pre-installation
5.3. Space requirements
5.3.1. Version without CEPH
Figure 5-1

SERVICE MANUAL
Pre-installation
5.3.2. Version with CEPH
Figure 5-2

SERVICE MANUAL
Installation
6. INSTALLATION
NOTE:
STRATO 2000 Digital is delivered pre-mounted in groups.
The mechanical mounting consists exclusively in assembling the above
mentioned groups. Bearings adjustment and the adjustment of possible
fixing couplings are therefore carried out in factory; each intervention on
these particulars is useless and could damage the device.
Two technicians will be necessary to perform some procedures; the
phases requiring the intervention of two men are identified in the related
chapters.

SERVICE MANUAL
Installation
6.1. Setting of the wall
NOTE:
STRATO 2000 Digital has been designed for a wall fixing by two brackets,
each of which requires to be fixed by two dowels. This initial setting
foresees the fixing of the upper bracket; the lower one will be set just
after having fitted the column in the upper.
1. Position the paper template "A" enclosed to the manual (Code

39099004) on wall, and mark the position of the holes to drilled.
The template must be set on the wall setting the dotted line at
1365 mm from the floor as indicated on the same template.
2. Then mark the wall by a centre punch, at the level of the fixing holes,
use drill "B" to hole the wall according to the type of dowels (see
chapter 5).
3. Mount wall bracket "C".
NOTE:
The bracket is to be mounted positioning the wider part of the eye
upwards, as shown in the picture.
B
1365 mm
Figure 6-1

SERVICE MANUAL
Installation
6.2. Column mounting
NOTE:
Check that bracket "C" is fixed correctly.
1. Fix on the base of the column the trapezoidal square "D" by the two
side screws.
2. Fix the four handles "F" equipped with the unit, on the sides of
column "E".
3. Grasp the handles (operation to be done by two persons) and make
the rear pin "G" get into the eye on the wall bracket "C".
F
E
F
F
D
Figure 6-2
4. Remove the four side handles "F" from the column.

SERVICE MANUAL
Installation
5. Use the level "H" to position the column vertical.

6. Mark the lower fixing points on the wall and then drill the wall, with
drill "B" according to the kind of dowels to use (see chapter 5).
To perform the drilling three different methods are available:
a. Remove the column and drill the wall. At the end of the
operation, position the column again.
b. Move the column rightwards and drill the left hole, then slant it
leftwards and drill the right hole.
c. Keep the column in its position and with a long point drill, drill
the wall.
7. Tighten the column to the wall making sure that the level bubble "H"
is aligned; sign the checklist in Appendix B.
HUB support
box
B
Figure 6-3

SERVICE MANUAL
Installation
8. Install the HUB support box (normally resting on the side of the
mains switch during shipment) in its location just under the exit of
the mains cable (see previous Figure 6-3) and fix it with the two
relevant fixing screws.
9. Power the HUB using the cable coming from the power supply board
in the base of the unit.
10. Connect the USB/2 cable coming down along the column and the
output USB/2 cable (L=5mt) that will go to the PC (the connection to
the PC must be done only when requested by the Digital Panoramic
software installation procedure).
NOTE:
Normally, the unit is shipped pre-set for the maximum stroke of 670mm.
This stroke will bring the unit to the maximum height of 2320mm from
the floor.
Whenever the stroke has to be reduced (e.g. in case of lower ceiling), act
on plate "Y" (Figure 6-3), located on the front side of the column.
Normally, plate "Y" is fixed in the lower position (thus activating later the
end travel microswitches and allowing the longer stroke). It can be fixed
in the intermediate position, thus limiting the stroke of 130mm
(maximum height of the unit 2190mm) or in the highest position, thus
limiting the stroke of 230mm (maximum height of the unit 2090mm).

SERVICE MANUAL
Installation
6.3. Mounting of the rotating

rotating arm assembly
1. Unscrew the 4 fixing screws "Z" of the carton box "K" from the lower
pallet. Raise the carton box to gain access to the wooden frame "J"
that holds the rotating arm.
2. Remove the fixing device (6 screws and wooden piece) of the wooden
frame " J" to the pallet.
WARNING:
Do not remove from the rotating arm assembly "I" the wooden
structure "J" since together with the related carton box "K" it will be
used to fix the moving unit on the column.
Damages to the unit (e.g. uncentering of some positioning sensors)
with possible failures can occur if the rotating arm assembly rests
on the floor without the presence of the protective wooden frame.
Therefore do not remove the latter from the rotating arm assemly
until is clearly requested by the installation procedure.
3. Fix the four handles "F" equipped with the unit and used before to
setup the column, on the side of the unit "I".
4. Position the carton box "K" near the column, set the rotating arm "I"
complete with the wooden structure "J" over the box, using handles
"F" to hold it all (this operation requires the intervention of two
persons).
5. Remove the metal plate support located behind the tubehead by
loosening the relevant fixing screw.
6. Set the rear part of the movement unit at the level of support "L" set
on the column.
7. While a person will keep the unit in position, the other one will fix it
to the column by 6 M6 screws.
8. Tighten first screws "M1" and later screws "M2" so that the rotation
arm assy is as more horizontal as possible along both direction.
9. Remove handles "F", the wooden structure "J" (first remove the
wooden piece "W"), the safety blocking screw "N" and the three safety
blocks (against translation) "O".
WARNING:
If safety device "N" and "O" are not properly removed, damages to the unit
can occur.
10. Connect the cables from the column to the related connectors set on
the movement unit. The signal cables and the supply cable X29 exit
the column. X29 has to be connected to the related connector set on
the left of the movement unit, after having removed the protection
caps.

SERVICE MANUAL
Installation
NOTE:
The STRATO 2000 Digital is equipped with a service microswitch (S2)
which allows to move the column vertically even when the signal cables
are not connected to the Chin support arm.
To do this, just connect the mains voltage to terminal block X0 and act
on the mentioned microswitch, located on the rear right part of the base
of the unit.
During the "manual" activation of the column motor, make sure not to
exceed the limits given by the limit microswitches, as these are not
connected and therefore cannot stop the movement of the column itself.
M1
M2
L W F O
N F
M2
F J
Z
K
Figure 6-4

SERVICE MANUAL
Installation
6.4. Mounting of the chin-

chin-rest arm
1. Remove the four screws "P" set on the front of the column.
2. Position the chin-rest arm "Q" complete with control panel "R" near
the column, connect the connector from the column to the one from
the arm and then insert the cable into the arm.
3. Fix the chin-rest arm with the four previously removed screws. Check
that the chin support is horizontal using a level bubble; sign the
checklist in Appendix B.
X29
Connectors
X22
P
Q
Figure 6-5

SERVICE MANUAL
Installation
6.5. Digital sensor holder mounting

1. Remove the fixing square "T" from the sensor holder.
2. Insert the cables from the rotating unit into the pin of the sensor
holder "S".
3. Insert the pin of the sensor holder into the hole of the rotating unit
making the tab on the pin match with the groove on the hole.
4. Mount the fixing square "T".
5. Connect the cables X40 and X46 to the related connectors set in the
sensor holder A6 board (code 58094162).
X46
X40
J13
S J6 J14
Figure 6-6
6. Connect the cables J6, J13 and J14 to the related connectors on the
sensor board.
7. Connect USB/2 cable on the sensor board.
8. Connect the grounding cable to the ground node on the metal
support.

SERVICE MANUAL
Installation
6.6. Mounting of ceph-

ceph-arm (Optional)
The digital CEPH arm can be installed only on an upgradable machine
both during the first installation and later as updating of the device.
In case the STRATO 2000 Digital is shipped already with the Ceph arm, it
will be necessary only to verify the centering between the X-ray beam, the
secondary collimator and the digital sensor because the arm has been
already adjusted and pinned on the unit during the final test done in the
factory.
In case the arm is provided later (unit upgrade), the unit is already pre-
set to accept it, but the centering procedure must be completely
performed in the field.
The Ceph device is shipped in a dedicated packaging and is already

preassembled in a single piece apart of the secondary collimator.
Before installing the CEPH arm some cables have to be prepared on the
machine according to the following instruction:
1. Insert cables X1-X2 and J1-J2 caming from rotating arm assembly in
the metal channel guide (Figure 6-8) inside the column from the top
side.
2. Bring J1-J2 cable through the column and estract it from the hole in
the column; perform the same operation for cable X1-X2.
3. In case of a machine upgrade connect the cable X18, X53, X63 to the
relevant connectors on the CPU board and fasten them.

SERVICE MANUAL
Installation
Once the cables are out of the column, the CEPH arm can be installed.
The following operations need the presence of two persons.
4. Bring the CEPH arm from the two red handles mounted on the arm
and remove it from the package.
5. Position the CEPH arm close to the column; remove the handle "A"
(Figure 6-7) and bring the device using the handle "B" and the arm in
the handling area. Take the cable J1-J2 and make it pass in the hole
of the arm fixing plate and outside the square lateral hole in the arm
(Figure 6-8). Reapet the same operation with the X1-X2 cable.
Handle "A"
Handling area
Handle "B"
Figure 6-7

SERVICE MANUAL
Installation
6. Place the CEPH arm on the column and fix it with the two screw and
with bolts on the two pins. Remove the handle "B".
7. Using a bubble level check that the X axis guide of the rotating arm
and the CEPH skull clamp disk have the same inclination as shown
in Figure 6-8. If this is not the case act on the fixing screws and bolts
of the CEPH arm to the column; when alingment is achived sign the
checklist in Appendix B.
Bubble level
Cable metal
channel guide
Bubble level
Figure 6-8

SERVICE MANUAL
Installation
8. Fix the secondary collimator on its support taking care that the
reference screw on the secondary collimator is positioned against the
regulation pin (factory adjusted).
Regulation pin
Figure 6-9
In case the STRATO 2000 Digital is sold already equipped with the Digital
Ceph arm, follow the instructions of paragraph 6.7.2 to check the digital
ceph arm centering.
In case the arm is provided later (unit upgrade), follow the instructions of
paragraph 7.1.3 to perform the full centering procedure in the field.

SERVICE MANUAL
Installation
6.7. Mechanical alignment check
6.7.1. PANORAMIC alignment check
1. Switch ON the machine and go to "Exam Selection".
Press key "17" to select the Panoramic function.
2. Open the temple support, position the centering template (code

54099002) with fastening pins on the chin rest arm. If there are no
fastening pins, place the centering tool under the chin rest. Close the
temple support which will hit against the centering tool.
PANORAMIC
SENSOR HOLDER
KEYBOARD
TUBEHEAD
3. Press key "20" , the laser centering devices light up.
4. Verify that the sagittal median laser projection corresponds with the
Y line (X axis) and the canine laser projection corresponds with the
L1 line (Y axis) of the centering device. If even one of these conditions
does not correspond, loosing the screws "M1" and "M2" Figure 6-4,
adjust the position of the rotating arm so that all the laser beams are
as close as possible to the reference lines of the centering tool.

SERVICE MANUAL
Installation
5. In case it will be necessary a fine adjustment of the laser position

perform the controls indicated at paragraphs 7.1.1 and 7.1.2.
6. With an level bubble, verify the parallelism between chin rest arm
and rotating arm and if they do not match, check again their
mechanical mounting on the column.
Once completed sign the checklist in Appendix B.

SERVICE MANUAL
Installation
6.7.2. CEPH alignment check
WARNING:
X-rays will be emitted during the performance of the following operations.
Authorised Technicians are therefore recommended to use the greatest
country.
NOTE:
This adjustment needs a personal computer directly connected to
STRATO 2000 Digital (refer to "Digital Panoramic" Installation Manual)
where the "QuickVision" program is installed and the use of the CD
(P/N 58093221) supplied with the centering tools kit.
1. Switch on the unit. The following will be displayed:
R E L E A S E * . * * *
After 3 seconds the following message will be displayed:
> T E S T <
2. When this message appears, press the increase key "3" and
decrease key "6" simultaneously. After 3 seconds, the
following message will be displayed
S E T U P
P A S S W O R D ? 1 0 0
3. Using keys "22" and "25" select the password number
124 and press key "23" to confirm this selection.
The following message appears on the display:
M A C H I N E S E T T I N G

SERVICE MANUAL
Installation
Then press key "23" ; the unit will carry out some movements
and the display will show:
W A I T F O R
When the unit stop moving the following message will be displayed:
D I G I T A L C E P H
E N A B L E S E N S O R
4. Check the alignment of the Ear centering circles as indicated in

paragraph 7.1.3.2.
At the end of this check, the following message will be displayed:
L I N I N G U P T E S T
5. Press key "26" or "24" until the following is displayed:
C E P H S . C O L . Z E R O
6. Press key "23 and the following message will be displayed:
S Z E R O [ f f ] a b c d
Z E R O O F F S ± e e e e e
NOTE:
After entering the "CEPH S.COL. ZERO" function, the keyboard is
inactive for some seconds. Wait a few time and repeat the action.
7. Open the Panoramic sensor holder and moves the skull clamp in the
A/P position.
8. Select with key "7" and key "5" respectively kV and mA
and use key "3" and key "6" to set values for the
exposure (suggested values: 50kV and 4mA).
9. Open QuickVision and activate the Virtual Keyboard.

SERVICE MANUAL
Installation
10. Press key "10" on the machine keyboard. The primary
collimator and the CEPH sensor will be automatically placed in the

CEPH central position and the system get ready to take the
secondary collimator test.
11. Press the X-ray button and keep it depressed until the end of the
exposure.
NOTE:
If the following message will be displayed:
D I G I T A L B O A R D
I S N O T R E A D Y
check the connection with the PC.
Press key "9" to reset the message.
12. On the image taken with QuickVision, using the instruction in

paragraph 7.1.2, measure the distances between the borders of the
image and the borders of the central vertical stripe (Figure 6-10); to
take the measure easely, you can use the QuickVision pseudo color
function.
Pseudo color
key
13. The right and left distances must not differ more than ±3mm. If it is
not the case, refer to paragraph 7.1.3.3 to correct the CEPH
secondary collimator setting.

SERVICE MANUAL
Installation
Figure 6-10
14. When the right setting is reached press key "9" to exit the
menu item and if modifications have been performed the following

message will be displayed:
U P D A T E C H A N G E S ?
E N T E R = Y R E S E T = N
15. Press key "23" to store the changes. While key "9" to
cancel them.
16. The following message is now displayed:
17. Press key "9" to exit password 124, the following message will
be displayed
C O N F I R M E X I T ?
press key "23" to exit the program and store the changes.

SERVICE MANUAL
Installation
18. Switch OFF the unit.
19. Switch ON the unit and perform the steps 2 and 3.
C E P H S E N S O R Z E R O
21. Press key "23 and the following message will be displayed:
22. Press key "8" .The primary and secondary collimators and the
ceph sensor go to the ceph central position. Place the centering tool
code 52099009 on the secondary collimator.
Figure 6-11

SERVICE MANUAL
Installation
23. Select with key "7" , key "5" and key "4"
respectively kV, mA and exposure time and use key "3" and
key "6" to set values for the exposure (suggested values:
50kV, 4mA and 0.2s).
24. Open the "Sensor Centering" program from the CD (P/N 58093221)
supplied with the centering tools kit and wait that the message
"Board is connected" is diplayed on the bottom bar of the program.
Ckech that in menu "Image processing" all the items are not selected.

SERVICE MANUAL
Installation
25. Press the X-ray button and check if in the obtained narrow image the
projection of the slit of the centering template is vertical and in the
middle of the impressed area.
Impressed area
Projection of the slit
26. In case the alignment is not right refer to paragraph 7.1.3.4 to

correct the CEPH sensor setting.

cancel them. The following message will be displayed:

SERVICE MANUAL
Installation
29. Ceck the Soft Tissue Filter setting as explained in paragraph 7.1.3.5.
be displayed
press key "23" to exit or key "9" to stay in the password
124 menu.

SERVICE MANUAL
Installation
6.8. How to mount the coverings
Figure 6-12

SERVICE MANUAL
Installation
6.9. Covering mounting for the Ceph arm
Figure 6-13
If it is necessary to remove the Ceph sensor covers, in order to do it

easely, rotate the skull clamp as indicated in figure (Ceph centering
device rod perpendicular to the arm) and remove the arm cover.
To mount the front cover, position it from the lower side perpendicular to
the arm and rotate until it reach the correct position.
Figure 6-14
SERVICE MANUAL
Installation

SERVICE MANUAL
Maintenance and servicing
7. MAINTENANCE AND SERVICING

SERVICING
As with all electrical appliances, this unit must be used correctly and
maintenance and inspections must be effected at regular intervals. Such
precautions shall guarantee the safe and efficient function of the
appliance.
Periodic maintenance consists in inspections made directly by the
operator and/or Technical Service Department.
The inspections made directly by the operator are the following:
• ensure that the rating labels are intact and correctly fastened
• check whether there are any traces of oil on the tubehead
• check to ensure that the X-rays push-button switch cable is not split
or damaged
• check to ensure that there is no external damage to the appliance
which could jeopardise protection from radiation.
• check if the Ceph secondary collimator is not evidently displaced.
WARNING:
The operator is recommended to perform these inspections before each
session of operations.
If the operator detects irregularities or damage, he should immediately
inform the Technical Service Department.
The appliance's performance is checked and, where necessary corrected,

during the maintenance activities performed by the Technical Service
Department, in accordance with the indications provided in the following
chapters. Such interventions are recorded in the "Maintenance Logbook"
in the User's Manual.
The periodic maintenance performed by the Technical Service
Department comprises the performance of the following additional
inspection activities to made yearly:
• general visual inspection
• grounding of all the accessible conductive parts
• condition of the internal and external cables: wear and tear and
fastenings
• the tightening of the primary bolts and screws such as the wall
fastening systems, the moving mechanisms and the chin rest arm
• the status of cleanness of the console
• the correct functioning of the luminous indicators of the console
• verification of the exposure parameters: kV, mA, time
• verification of the correct function and status of cleanness of the
laser centering devices
• verification of the correct centering of the secondary collimator and of
the Ceph sensor.

SERVICE MANUAL
WARNING:
Components may only be replaced by original spare parts.
NOTE:
The Service Engineer has to take special care for all what concerns
electrical safety of the device and must make sure of restoring all
provisions for electrical safety which may be affected during a service
intervention and to solicit the customer to have the electrical safety tests
repeated every time the intervention has caused the replacement of
important parts or the intervention has significantly affected safety
provisions of the device.

SERVICE MANUAL
7.1. Verification and centering adjustment

The STRATO 2000 Digital does not require any adjustment to be made to
the laser beam but, should any problem of centering be encountered, the
verifications described in the following paragraphs may be made.
7.1.1. Axes alignment for the PANORAMIC function
To verify the panoramic function centering proceed as follows:
1. Switch on the machine and go to "Exam Selection". Press key "17"

to select the Panoramic function.
2. Open the temple support, position the centering template (code

54099002) with fastening pins on the chin rest arm. If there are no
fastening pins, place the centering tool under the chin rest. Close the
temple support which will hit against the centering tool.
PANORAMIC
SENSOR HOLDER
KEYBOARD
TUBEHEAD

SERVICE MANUAL
3. Press key "20" , the laser centering devices light up.
4. Verify that the sagittal median laser projection corresponds with the
Y line (X axis) and the canine laser projection corresponds with the
L1 line (Y axis) of the centering device; sign the checklist in Appendix
B. If even one of these conditions does not correspond, switch off the
unit and follow the procedures described in the following chapters.
Service Mode
The following chapters require access to the service password programs
of the STRATO 2000 Digital system. Following is described the sequence
of operations for accessing these programs.
The following procedure must be followed to access the service program:

1. Switch on the unit. The following message will be displayed:
R E L E A S E * . * * *
After 3 seconds, the following message will be displayed:
> T E S T <
2. When this message appears, press the increase key "3" and
decrease key "6" simultaneously. After 3 seconds, the
following message will be displayed
S E T U P
P A S S W O R D ? 1 0 0
3. Using keys "22" and "25" select the password number
for the desired Service Program and press key "23" to confirm
this selection.

SERVICE MANUAL
7.1.1.1. Centering the RO(tation), AX (X-

(X-axis) and AY (Y-
(Y-axis) axes via the
laser
NOTE:
All changes made and stored result in the loss of the original calibration
data. The user is therefore recommended to make and store only those
changes that are deemed necessary.
If changes are made and stored but the user quits password 118 by
switching the system off and not going through the normal quitting
procedure, the stored data will be lost and the system will be reset to the
previous data.
1. Access the Service Program as described in the previous page. With
keys "22" and "25" go to password 118 an confirm the
selection by pressing key "23" . The following message appears
on the display:
W A I T F O R
When the unit stop moving the following message will be displayed:
S E R V I C E M E N U
X Z E R O
2. Press keys "26" or "24" until the following message is

displayed:
R O T A T I O N Z E R O

SERVICE MANUAL
3. Press key "23" and the following message will be displayed:
T Z E R O [ f f ] a b c d
Z E R O O F F S ± e e e e
4. Press key "20" . The laser centering device will be activated
and will project two laser beams at right angles to each other onto
the centering tool.
5. Using key "26" or "24" position the laser beam parallel
or superimpose to the L2 line. When keys "26" and "24" are pressed
the arm will rotate. Press increase key "3" or decrease key "6"
to change the rotation speed. The speed variation is represented on

the display in the [ff] position.
This figure can vary between 0 (single-step, slow speed - best for
micro-adjustments) and 16 (high speed - ideal for large
adjustments/movements). When the laser beam is parallel to the L2
line press key "9" to store the position . The following
Press key "23" to store the changes or press key "9"
if these changes are not to be stored. The rotation group will return
to its previous position and the following message will be displayed:
Sign the chekclist in Appendix B; remind to write down the new value
in the relavant box in Appendix A.

SERVICE MANUAL
6. Once the ROtation axis has been adjusted, press key "26" or
"24" until the following is displayed:
X Z E R O
7. With the Panoramic sensor holder open and the laser centering
device on, press key "23" : the following will be displayed
X Z E R O [ f f ] a b c d
8. Press key "26" or "24" to superimpose the laser beam
on line L2. When keys "26" and "24" are pressed, the arm will
translate. Change the translation speed using the increase key
"3" or decrease key "6" . The speed variation is
represented on the display in the [ff] position.

adjustments/movements). When the laser beam is parallel to the L2
line press key "9" to store the position. The following message
will be displayed:
Press key "23" to store the changes or key "9" if these
changes are not to be stored. The rotation group will return to its
previous position and the following messages will be displayed:
R E S T O R I N G
A X I S P O S I T I O N . . .
and
X Z E R O

SERVICE MANUAL
9. Once the X-axis had been regulated, close sensor holder too
panoramic and press key "26" or "24" until the
following message is displayed:
Y Z E R O
10. Press key "23" . The machine will rotate once and the
following message will be displayed:
P L E A S E W A I T . . . . .
11. When the unit stops rotating the following message will be displayed:
Y Z E R O [ f f ] a b c d
12. Press key "25" or "22" to superimpose the laser beam
on line L3. Using keys "25" and "22" the arm will translate. Change
the translation speed using the increase key "3" or decrease
key "6" . The speed variation is represented on the display in
the [ff] position.

adjustments/movements).
13. Before going on to store the Y position, it is necessary to ensure that

the sagittal Median laser beam is superimposed on the Y line (X-axis)
of the centering tool. If the laser beam is not superimposed
on the Y line, adjust it with key "26" or "24" . When the
beam is superimposed press key "9" and the following

SERVICE MANUAL
Press key "23" to store the changes or key "9" if these
changes are not to be stored. The rotation group will return to its
previous position and the following messages will be displayed:
R E S T O R I N G
and
Y Z E R O
14. Press key "9" to quit Password. The following message will be
displayed:
Press key "23" to quit Password and access the program's
Start-Up function or press key "9" to remain in password
118 mode.
NOTE:
previous data.
NOTE:
If the system has been correctly aligned, the rotation center will be at
point C0.

SERVICE MANUAL
7.1.2. Centering the X-

X-ray beam for the PANORAMIC function
WARNING:
country.
Upon completion of the laser beam centering for the Panoramic function,
the X-ray beam must also be centered as follows:
1. Switch on the machine and go to Exam Selection.
2. Press key "17" to select the Panoramic function.
3. Place the centering tool (P/N 54089021) on the chin rest and the
sensor calibration tool (P/N 51099008) on the window in front of the
sensor.
4. Make an exposure in Adult mode at 72 kV – 6mA, acquired by the

Quickvision program; the following image will be displayed.

SERVICE MANUAL
5. Set contrast and brightness level to have good visibility of all

centering balls.
6. Pressing the key in the upper–right region of the instruments box for
image processing, it is possible to view the image in the scale 1:1
which facilitates the next steps.
Image processing
key
Distance measurement
tool
7. Using the dedicated cursors, position the image to see the balls of the
left side.
8. Select the instrument which measures distance and position the

cursor on the center of the ball on the left of the image.

SERVICE MANUAL
9. Click on the right button of the mouse and keeping it pressed, drag
the pointer to the center of the central ball. Releasing the button, the
following image shows up, where it is possible to read the distance in
mm, which must be in the range 36 ± 1 mm.
In the measuring window the number of pixel measured is also

reported and this measurement is more sensitive, so this is a
preferred method. Record the number of pixel (460 in the example).
10. Repeat the measurement on the right side of the image.
11. If the distance between the projection of the side spheres with that of
central sphere is not symmetrical (and not within the tolerance range
of ±1mm or 11 pixel), check the centering of the sagittal Median axis
(Line Y of the centering tool).

SERVICE MANUAL
12. Make a measurement also of the distance between the right and left
ball: it must be inside the range 72 ± 1 mm.
13. If distance is outside the tolerance range, check the alignment of the
Canine axis (line L1 of the centering tool).

Calibracao do IP Fixo
SERVICE MANUAL
7.1.3. Axes alignment for the CEPH function
NOTE:
When these operations are performed during Maintenance it will be
necessary to remove some of the covers.
NOTE:
To verify the centering of the Cephalometric function it is necessary to:

1. Switch on the machine and access Password 124 following the
operations sequence described in paragraph 7.1.1. Once Password
124 is reached, close the Panoramic sensor holder, if open, and
press key "23" .The following message will be displayed:
2. Press key "23" . The machine will move and the following
W A I T F O R
When the machine stops moving, the following message will be

displayed:
3. Press key "23" , the following message will be displayed:
D I G I T A L C E P H O F F

SERVICE MANUAL
4. Using keys "26" or "24" select the following option to
enable the digital CEPH:
D I G I T A L C E P H O N
5. Press key "9" and if the setting has been changed the following
6. Press key "23" to store the changes; the following message
will be displayed:
The digital ceph centering complete procedure is composed by the steps

reported on the following table, perform them in the correct order:
Step Action Reference paragraph

I Rotation arm alignment 7.1.3.1
II Ear centering circles setting 7.1.3.2
III Secondary collimator centering 7.1.3.3
IV Ceph sensor centering 7.1.3.4
V Soft Tissue Filter adjustment 7.1.3.5
WARNING:
DO NOT MODIFY THE FOLLOWING ITEMS OF PASSWORD 124:
• Digital CEPH X offset
• Digital CEPH Y offset
• Digital CEPH sensor speed 2x2
• Digital CEPH sensor speed 3x3
FUNCTIONALITY CAN BE SEVERELY IMPAIRED.
WARNING:
country.

SERVICE MANUAL
7.1.3.1. Rotation arm alignment
To perform the rotation arm alignment start from point 6 of paragraph

7.1.3 and:
R O T A T I O N O F F S E T
8. Press key "23" . The following message will be displayed
while the slit primary collimator moves to the DIGITAL CEPH central
position.
Then the following message will be displayed:
NOTE:
After entering the "ROTATION OFFSET" function, the keyboard is inactive
for some seconds. Wait a few time and repeat the action.
9. Open the Panoramic sensor holder and moves the skull clamp in the
A/P position.
10. Press key "20" to light ON the laser lines . With key "3"
and key "6" set a speed value (suggested value 3).
Then with key "26" and key "24" turn the tubehead
arm until the vertical laser line is about 10mm on the left of the
18x22S reference on the CEPH sensor cover; light OFF the laser
lines.

SERVICE MANUAL
11. Now a more precise setting have to be performed with X-ray: select
with key "7" and key "5" respectevely kV and mA and
use key "3" and key "6" to set values for the exposure
(suggested values: 50kV and 4mA).
12. Open QuickVision and activate virtual keyboard.
13. Press key "8" on the machine keyboard; the system get ready
to take the Rotation Arm aligment test.
exposure.
NOTE:
I S N O T R E A D Y
15. On the image taken with QuikVision, using the instruction in

paragraph 7.1.2, measure the distance between the borders of the
function.
Pseudo color
key

SERVICE MANUAL
16. The right and left distance must not differ more than ±3mm. If it is
not the case, with key "3" and key "6" set a speed value
(suggested value 2) and with key "26" and key "24"
turn the tubehead arm, increasing the displayed offset value if the
left distance is lower than the right one or viceversa; repeat the test
from point 11.
Figure 7-1


SERVICE MANUAL
cancel them.
Sign the chekclist in Appendix B; remind to write down the new value in
the relavant box in Appendix A.

SERVICE MANUAL
7.1.3.2. Ear Centering Circles setting
NOTE:
Place the Ear Centering device in a Latero-Lateral position with the Ear
Centering Circles in a complitely open position.
To perform the ceph sensor alignment start from point 18 of paragraph
7.1.3.1 and:
Press key "23" . The following message will be displayed:
P R E S S T E S T
This is a short exam specific to take images to adjust the Ear
Centering Circle
20. Open the "Ear centering" program on the CD (P/N 58093221) and
wait the message "Board is connected" is diplayed on the bottom bar
of the program.Ckech that in menu "Image processing" all the items
are not selected except for DNSU and PRNU.

SERVICE MANUAL
21. Press key "8" . The machine get ready to take a 10x22 exam.
NOTE:
I S N O T R E A D Y
Press key "9" to reset the message and press key "8" again.
NOTE:
After entering the "LINING UP TEST" function, the keyboard is inactive
for some seconds. If when key "8" is pressed no movement take place just
wait some seconds and repeat the action.
22. Acting on keys "5" and "7" and on key "3" or
"6" set the exposure parameters, as suggestion set 50kV,
4mA.
WARNING:
country.
23. Press the X-ray push button and keep it depressed until the end of
the exposure.
24. Evaluate the image and if the X-ray beam is vertically displaced (i.e.
more than 10mm upper or lower white border present); it will be
necessary to change the height of the CEPH arm using the upper or
lower grubs "B" (Figure 7-2), moving them symmetrically in pairs
(above or below) after having previously loosened nuts "C". If the
white border is present on the lower, turn the lower pair after having
slightly loosened (portion of a turn) the two lower arm fastining
screws "D". Perform this procedure in reverse if the white border is
present on the upper part.
Once vertically alignment has been completed, tighten the loosened
screws "D" and block adjustment grubs "B" with the relevant nuts
"C".

SERVICE MANUAL
C
B
Figure 7-2
25. Repeating steps from point 20 to point 22, take a new image and if
the Ear Cenetring Circles are not concentric perform the setting
actions described in paragraphs 7.1.3.2.1 and 7.1.3.2.2.
menu item.
Sign the chekclist in Appendix B.

SERVICE MANUAL
7.1.3.2.1. Projection of Non-

Non-Concentric Ear Centering Circles
Loosen the fixing screws "A" of positioning sphere (max. 1 turn) and
using adjustment screw "C" adjust (rotate) skull-stand unit "B".
If the greater diameter (ear set farthest from the sensor) is shifted more
towards the nose-rest with respect to the smaller diameter (ear-rest
nearer to the sensor), screw adjustment screw "C" and manually turn
sphere holder "E" anticlockwise. In the opposite case, unscrew
adjustment screw "C" and the sphere holder will shift automatically.
Once the correct centering is obtained (a test exposure is required), fix
screw "A" and block adjustment screw "C" using security nut "D".
C D
Figure 7-3a (Top view)

SERVICE MANUAL
7.1.3.2.2. Projection of Vertically Non-

Non-Concentric Ear Centering Circles
Loosen screws "F" (Figure 7-2b). Adjust position of the arm acting on
screw "G" (Figure 7-2b) on the side. Once the aligned position has been
reached tighten bolt "H" (Figure 7-2b). Upon completion of the
adjustment a test exposure is required, to verify it. Tighten screws "F".
Figure 7-2b (Side view)

SERVICE MANUAL
7.1.3.3. Secondary collimator centering
To perform the ceph secondary collimator alignment start from point 26

of paragraph 7.1.3.2 and:
NOTE:
After entering the "CEPH S.COL. ZERO" function, the keyboard is
inactive for some seconds. Wait a few time and repeat the action.
29. Select with key "7" and key "5" respectively kV and mA
and use key "3" and key "6" to set values for the
exposure (suggested values: 50kV and 4mA).

31. Press key "10" on the machine keyboard. The primary
collimator and the CEPH sensor will be automatically placed in the

CEPH central position and the system get ready to take the
secondary collimator test.
exposure.
NOTE:
I S N O T R E A D Y

SERVICE MANUAL

paragraph 7.1.2, measure the distances between the borders of the
function.
Pseudo color
key
34. The right and left distances must not differ more than ±3mm.
Figure 7-4

SERVICE MANUAL
35. If it is not the case, with key "3" and key "6" set a
speed value (suggested value 3) and with key "26" and
key "24" move the secondary collimator, increasing the
displayed offset value if the left distance is lower than the right one or
viceversa; repeat the test from point 29.
NOTE:
This is a fine setting; if the zero offset (±eeeee) is lower than –1000 steps
or greater than 1000 steps repeat the first step of ceph arm centering
described in 7.1.3.1.
If the X-ray beam is vertically displaced; for fine adjustment act on

the 2 secondary collimator fixing screws "A" (Figure 7-2).

cancel them.
be displayed
39. Switch OFF the unit.

SERVICE MANUAL
7.1.3.4. CEPH Sensor centering
NOTE:
To perform the ceph sensor alignment start from point 39 of paragraph

7.1.3.3 and:
40. Switch ON the unit and access Password 124 following the
operations sequence described in paragraph 7.1.1. The following
41. Press key "23" . The machine will move and the following
W A I T F O R
When the machine stops moving, the following message will be

displayed:

SERVICE MANUAL
44. Press key "8" .The primary and secondary collimators and the
ceph sensor go to the ceph central position. Place the centering tool
code 52099009 on the secondary collimator (see Figure 6-11).
45. Select with key "7" , key "5" and key "4"
respectively kV, mA and exposure time and use key "3" and
key "6" to set values for the exposure (suggested values:
50kV, 4mA and 0.2s)
46. Open the "Sensor Centering" program on the CD (P/N 58093221) and
wait the message "Board is connected" is diplayed on the bottom bar
of the program.Check that in menu "Image processing" all the items
are not selected.

SERVICE MANUAL
47. Take X-ray pressing the X-ray button and check if in the obtained
narrow image the projection of the slit of the centering tool is vertical
and in the middle of the impressed area.
Impressed area
Projection of the slit
If it is horizontally displaced the CEPH sensor offset has to be
corrected following this instruction: with key "3" and key
"6" set a speed value (suggested value 3) and with key
"26" and key "24" move the CEPH sensor.
NOTE:
If the image taken is totally white, perform the step 47 without the tool
(code 52099009) in order to make a rough centering.
Then place again the tool on the secondary collimator and repeat step 47
to perform a fine setting.
NOTE:
This is a fine setting, so be sure to have well performed the two previous
steps.

SERVICE MANUAL
If the projection of the slit is oblique, unscrew the 2 screws "A" and
adjust the secondary collimator tilt acting on grub "B", in order to
have a vertical projection of the slit.
Figure 7-5

cancel them.
Fix the grubs "B" with their nuts if they had been adjusted and tighten
the 2 screws "A".
Sign the chekclist in Appendix B; remind to write down the new value in
the relavant box in Appendix A.

SERVICE MANUAL
7.1.3.5. Soft Tissue Filter (STF) adjustment
NOTE:
where the "QuickVision" program is installed.
This adjustment is accessed in by activating password 124 as described

at paragraph 7.1.3.
1. When in password 124 scroll the menu items pressing key
"26" or "24" until reaching the following display:
S T F Z E R O O F F S E T
2. Press key "23" . The following message will be displayed:
S T F Z E R O O F F S a
O F F S E T ± x x x
4. Press key "8" on the machine keyboard. The machine get
ready to take a 18x22A exam and the soft tissue filter will be
automatically placed in the X-ray field.
NOTE:
I S N O T R E A D Y
Press key "9" to reset the message and press key "8" again.

SERVICE MANUAL
NOTE:
After entering the "STF ZERO OFFSET" function, the keyboard is inactive
for some seconds. If when key "8" is pressed no movement take place just
wait some seconds and repeat the action.
5. Acting on keys "5" and "7" and on key "3" or
"6" set the exposure parameters, as suggestion
set 50kV - 4mA.
WARNING:
country.
exposure; the following message will be displayed:
E N T E R I M G O F F S E T
O F F S E T ( m m ) 5 0

paragraph 7.1.2, measure the distance "A" (Figure 7-6) between the
Soft Tissue Filter (STF) edge and the center of the rings; perform the
measure in "mm".
8. If the distance "A" is different from 50±2mm, press key "22"
and key "25" up to reach the measured value; press key
"23" to store the change.
The system will calculate automatically the new Soft Tissue Filter
offset.
If distance "A" is 50±2mm no correction is needed; press key "9"
to exit.
In both cases the following message will be displayed
O F F S E T ± x x x

SERVICE MANUAL
Figure 7-6
9. Check proper alignment of the Soft Tissue Filter by performing a new

exposure (repeat the actions from point 3 to point 8).
If the alignment is correct, store it into the non-volatile memory of the
unit by pressing key "9" . The display will show:
Press key "23" to permanently store the change.
be displayed

SERVICE MANUAL
7.2. Verify of kV and exposure time

kVp and time can be measured directly (invasive method) on the HF
generator board, more precisely the following procedure must be
performed.
NOTE:
If the following actions are performed during maintenance some covers
have to be removed:
a. Remove the outer covering of the tubehead.
b. Remove the protection grid of the HF generator board.
WARNING:
The HF board has a working voltage of about 360V.
The exposure parameters can be checked with the following procedure:
1. With the unit on, select the Panoramic examination mode by pressing
key "17" .
2. Press contemporaneously keys "10" , "28" and
"24" ; LED’s of "patient type", "patient size" and "Arch" switch
off and the display shows the following two messages alternatively:
R E M O V E
C H I N R E S T
and
C L O S E
T E M P L E S U P P O R T
NOTE:
This program allows you to carry out the measuring of the exposure
parameters having the tubehead-arm in a fixed position (not rotating).
3. Carry out the actions mentioned above; press key "23" ; the
unit will carry out a movement to reach the "zero" position. During
this phase, the display shows:

SERVICE MANUAL
At the end of this phase , the display shows:

O P E N
C A S S E T T E U N I T
After having opened to Ceph position the sensor support the display
shows:
while the primary collimator is placed in PAN position and the Soft
Tissue Filter outside the X-ray field.
4. The display shows:

X - R A Y P A R A M E T E R S
7 0 k V 0 8 m A 1 . 0 0 S
Acting on keys "4" , "7" , "5" and on keys "3"
or "6" set the exposure parameters to carry out the desidered
checks.
The variation range of the parameters is shown in the following table:
Parameter Minimum value Maximum value

kV 50 80
s 0,2 15
mA 4 12
WARNING:
X-ray will be emitted during the performance of the following operations.
Authorised technicians are therefore recommended to use the greatest
country.
For the execution of measurement follow instruction at paragraphs

7.2.1, 7.2.2 and 7.3.

SERVICE MANUAL
5. To quit this routine, press key "9" ; the display will show:
C L O S E C A S S E T T E
T O P A N O R A M I C
In case of fixed collimator jump to step 6.

After closing the sensor holder to Panoramic position (the position is
sensed by the unit), the display will show the following message:
P R E S S E N T E R
Press key "23" ; the unit will carry out the zeroing and will set
itself in the patient entry position; the display will show:
6. The display will show:

S T D . P A N O R A M I C
x x k V x x m A 1 5 . 0 s
and the unit returned at a standard mode.

SERVICE MANUAL
7.2.1. kVp
Use a multimeter (R input >= 10MΩ) in working conditions VDC and end
of scale 20V, position the cold pole on TP4 (GND) and the hot pole on TP3
(kV) on the HF generator board. Set the following parameters: 60kV-6mA-
3s as described in paragraph 7.2, item 4.
Perform an exposure and considering that the ratio between the value on
the voltmeter and high voltage is 1V= 10kV, verify that the value
indicated by the multimeter ranges from 5.7÷6.3V (6V±5%).
In case the read value is outside the specified range, shift the hot pole of
the voltmeter on TP5 (set kV). Once a new exposure is done, the voltage
on TP5 must range from 5.76÷6.24V (6V±4%).
Should this last value be outside the specified limit, detect the "set kV"
voltage supplied by CPU, connecting the voltmeter between GND test
points and kV (set nearby X10). The tension on these points must range
from 5.82 and 6.18 V (6V+3%). If it is out of tolerance replace the CPU,
otherwise replace the HF generator board.
If all measures are within the specified range, and there is an evidence of
a performance loss, measure the high tension of the tubehead, and the
exposure time using a non-invasive kilovoltmeter with < +3kVp
tolerance.
WARNING:
Measurement by a non invasive kV meter on a very narrow beam can be
difficult and/or unreliable and special probes with reduced sensitive area
must be used.
It may result helpful to use a fluorescent screen to locate the X-ray beam
and consequently position the probe of the kV meter.
The high voltage value must be within 8% of the set value, while the time
value must be within 10% of the set value. If the voltage is not within the
expected range, replace the tubehead; otherwise replace CPU board.
NOTE:
The tubehead has always to be replaced together with the HF board
because there are adjustments needed to match the two
components.
7.2.2. Time
Verify the accuracy of the exposure time using an oscilloscope connected

at the same test points used to measure kV (TP4 and TP5) of the HF
generator board. The exposure time calculated at about 75% of the
maximum kV value, must correspond to the set one +10%. In case the
time is outside the prescribed values, replace the CPU.

SERVICE MANUAL
7.3. mA Check
mA can be measured directly (invasive method) on the tubehead by the
test points on the HF generator board after having performed the
following procedures:
a. Remove the outer covering of the tubehead.
b. Remove the metal protection grid of the generator board.
WARNING:
The board has a working voltage of about 360V.
Use a multimeter (R input >= 10MΩ) in working conditions VDC and end
of scale 20V, position the cold pole on TP4 (GND) and the hot pole on TP1
(mA). Set the following parameters: 60kV-4mA-3s as described in
paragraph 7.2, item 4.
Perform an exposure and considering that a ratio 1V DC = 2 mA, verify
that the value indicated by the multimeter ranges from 1.84÷2.16V
(4mA±8%).
Set 80kV - 12mA - 3s. The value read must range from 5.52 to 6.48V
(12mA±8%).
In case the detected values are outside these ranges, check that the
voltage on TP2 is -4V ± 0.02V. Otherwise, adjust trimmer R165 to obtain
this value. After having adjusted the trimmer, check again the current
during the emission.

SERVICE MANUAL
7.4. Storing of automatical exposure parameters

At the end of mechanical installation and functional check the stored
exposure parameters can be modified depending on the operator needs.
7.4.1. Exposure parameter
To modify the automatic exposure parameters, please follow the indicated

procedure:
1. Select the exam, the type of patient and the size to be modified.
2. According to the parameter to be modified press "7" and/or
"5" . On display, on the left of the selected parameter value, a
reference character will be displayed.
NOTE:
The pressure of one of the three parameters setting keys will cause the
de-activation of the patient size LED and the blinking of the patient type
and function/examination LED's. This LED's will be reactivated only
when storing parameters (paragraph 7.4.3).
3. Press "3" or "6" to set the value to store.
NOTE:
For Cephalometric exams the parameter modifications are common to
high resolution and to normal resolution selection since both modality
requires the same exposure parameters.

SERVICE MANUAL
7.4.2. Soft Tissue Filter
It is possible set the default value of the Soft Tissue Filter in function of
patient size (small, medium, large) and of exam format.
NOTE:
The value of Soft Tissue Filter is stored for all Asymmetric projections.
For the symmetrical projections instead, the default position of the STF is
out (the display shows OUT).
7.4.3. Storing parameters
To store the set value, press the key "28" e "23" , at the
same time, the display will show the following message:
press key "23" to confirm, the LED's will lit again, or the key
"9" to cancel the setting; in this case the LED's blink and the
display still shows the same value.

SERVICE MANUAL
7.4.4. Table of pre-

pre-set anatomic parameters
PANORAMIC EXAMINATIONS
Adult Child
68 kV 64 kV
Thin
6 mA 4 mA
72 kV 66 kV
Normal
6 mA 4 mA
74 kV 68 kV
Robust
6 mA 5 mA
TMJ open/close mouth TMJ BIAXIAL

Adult Child Adult Child
68 kV 58 kV 68 kV 58 kV
Thin Thin
6 mA 6 mA 6 mA 6 mA
72 kV 64 kV 72 kV 64 kV
Normal Normal
6 mA 6 mA 6 mA 6 mA
76 kV 68 kV 76 kV 70 kV
Robust Robust
6 mA 6 mA 6 mA 6 mA

SERVICE MANUAL
Maxillary SINUS Lateral SINUS

66 kV 62 kV 68 kV 62 kV
Thin Thin
6 mA 5 mA 6 mA 5 mA
70 kV 64 kV 72 kV 66 kV
Normal Normal
6 mA 5 mA 6 mA 5 mA
72 kV 66 kV 74 kV 68 kV
Robust Robust
6 mA 5 mA 6 mA 5 mA
CEPHALOMETRY (L.L) CEPHALOMETRY (A/P- P/A)

72 kV 70 kV 74 kV 72 kV
Thin Thin
6 mA 5 mA 12 mA 10 mA
74 kV 72 kV 76 kV 74 kV
Normal Normal
6 mA 5 mA 12 mA 10 mA
76 kV 74 kV 80 kV 76 kV
Robust Robust
6 mA 5 mA 10 mA 10 mA

SERVICE MANUAL
Maxilla IMPLANT
Tooth Tooth Tooth Tooth Tooth Tooth Tooth Tooth
11/21 12/22 13/23 14/24 15/25 16/26 17/27 18/28
L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T
68 50 68 50 64 50 56 58 56 62 56 62 56 62 56 62 kV
Thin
6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 mA
70 50 70 50 66 50 58 62 58 64 58 64 58 64 58 64 kV
Normal
7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 mA
72 52 72 52 68 52 60 64 60 66 60 66 60 66 60 66 kV
Robust
7 8 7 8 7 8 7 8 7 8 7 8 7 8 7 8 mA
L = Longitudinal
T = Transversal
Mandible IMPLANT
Tooth Tooth Tooth Tooth Tooth Tooth Tooth Tooth
31/41 32/42 33/43 34/44 35/45 36/46 37/47 38/48
L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T
62 50 62 50 64 50 64 58 66 66 66 60 66 60 66 60 kV
Thin
6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 mA
64 52 64 52 66 52 66 62 68 68 68 62 68 62 68 62 kV
Normal
7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 mA
66 54 66 54 68 54 68 64 70 70 70 64 70 64 70 64 kV
Robust
7 8 7 8 7 8 7 8 7 8 7 8 7 8 7 8 mA
L = Longitudinal
T = Transversal

SERVICE MANUAL
7.5. STRATO 2000 Digital Software Utilities

The STRATO 2000 Digital Software Utilities is a special software program
that allows the user to perform special functions like the U.C.A. upgrade.
This software also allows viewing the calibration data of
STRATO 2000 Digital; there is a special pop-up menu, named "Service",
to perform this operation.
Power on the STRATO 2000 Digital and let it reach the Patient's entering
position.
To install the software on the PC, insert the CD named "STRATO 2000
Digital Software Utilities" (P/N 58093220) shipped among with the
STRATO 2000 Digital on the CD reader of the PC; the software
installation procedure will start automatically; if not, start it using the
"Start", "Run" procedure and selecting the "Autorun" program on the CD.
Figure 7-7
Select the language to be used during the installation and also on the
program itself by clicking on the corresponding flag.
The Software will try to determine if the STRATO 2000 Digital is
connected to the PC; click on "Test Connection" tab.
Figure 7-8

SERVICE MANUAL
Once the connection procedure has been terminate, the following

windows will appear.
Figure 7-9
Clicking on "Install", the software will be installed on the PC; please

follows the steps of the installation.
At the end of installation process, the STRATO 2000 Digital Software

Utilities package will be installed; the normal folder is:
"C:\Programs\VSM\Strato2000D\
Execute the package using the standard Windows process. The following
windows will open.
"Service" pop-up menu
Figure 7-10

SERVICE MANUAL
Pushing a "Service" tag; a new window will be displayed, asking for a

password (Figure 7-11). This password is used to protect from unwanted
access to this area that can be dangerous for the system.
The final customer must not know the password.
Figure 7-11
Input the name "PLUTO" (capital characters) and confirm by selecting OK

or pressing the "Enter" key on the keyboard to enter into the services
menu; the SoftwareUtilities program will take some seconds to receive
the configuration data from the STRATO 2000 Digital.
At the end of the communication, the following windows will appear.
Tab to examine parameters

into the configuration area
of Strato 2000
Strato 2000 Firmware update
Software release numbers
Figure 7-12

SERVICE MANUAL
By selecting one of the Tab to examine the configuration parameters, one

of the following figures will be displayed.
Figure 7-13: Axis Zero
Figure 7-14: Primary Disk Collimator

SERVICE MANUAL
Figure 7-15: HF Params
Operation on configuration
parameters
Figure 7-16: CEPH Params
NOTE:
The STRATO 2000 Digital Software Utilities there does not have the
possibility to modify parameters.

SERVICE MANUAL
The four buttons on the right side of the screens are useful to manage
configuration files:
• "Read" button performs a new reading of the parameters from the
STRATO 2000 Digital; it can be used to verify the functionality of the
Upload function
• "Save to disk" is used to store on a file, on the hard disk or in a
floppy or different media, the configuration data.
Pressing this button, the following window appears:
Figure 7-17
Using the stardard Windows commands, store the file with ".cfn"
extension on the disk/directory selected.
As a suggestion, the doctor's name can be used to specify the file.
NOTE:
We strongly suggest to use this feature to save configuration data.
• "Read from disk" is the function that allows reading the

configuration file from the disk (*.cfn).
Figure 7-18
In the above picture, the file "Strato2000D.cfn" data will be loaded
from the directory of hard disk.

SERVICE MANUAL
• The "Update" button is automatically enabled every time the SW

detects a change in the data; pressing it data displayed in the various
windows will be uploaded into the STRATO 2000 Digital.
The last function is the Firmware updolad; this can be used in case there
the need to load a new firmware release on the STRATO 2000 Digital.
Selecting the button "Firmware Update" (Figure 7-12), the following
picture will be displayed:
Figure 7-19
Clicking on the "Open" tab, it is possible to select the firmware file using
standard window commands; the software locates automatically a folder
named "Firmware" where may be contained the file, but it is possible to
select it in other folders; choose the correct one. This files have the ".txt"
extension.
As an example, following the file "v5_06.txt" is selected.
Figure 7-20
NOTE:
For STRATO 2000 Digital, the release 6.xx should be selected.

SERVICE MANUAL
By confirming, the Firmware update procedure will start. The following

windows is displayed, showing that the USB port is in use.
Figure 7-21
Clicking "Back" is possible to return to file update selection; click on

"Connect" to start the communication with the firmware upgrade
procedure on the STRATO 2000 Digital.
NOTE:
• The STRATO 2000 Digital keyboard is locked during Firmware
update procedure.
• The update procedure will last for at least 25 minutes; during this
time no other operations can be performed on the PC and/or the
• During the operation, a scrolling bar and a numerical indication of
elapsed and remaining time is displayed.
• If the following message is displayed, please switch off the
STRATO 2000 Digital, power on it again and let it reach the patient's
centering position; click on "OK" and "Connect" again.

SERVICE MANUAL
If the communication is well established, the appropriate message is

showed.
Click on "OK" and a new windows will appear.
Figure 7-22
Click on "Start" to begin the software transfer procedure.

During the operation, a window showing the progress of the transfer is
displayed.
Figure 7-23

SERVICE MANUAL
At the end, windows will appear asking to confirm the upload process.
Figure 7-24
Confirming by pressing on "Confirm" or pressing the "Enter" key on the

keyboard will complete the upload operation.
Now the STRATO 2000 Digital has to be reset from the main keyboard; it
will boot again; the display should visualise the new software release.
There is no need to adjust the calibration of the STRATO 2000 Digital,
because the previous data are maintained.
The Software Utilities program was automatically terminated so if you
need to verify other data, it must be restarted again.

SERVICE MANUAL
Troubleshooting
8. TROUBLESHOOTING
8.1. Displayed messages

STRATO 2000 Digital is fully driven by a microprocessor which controls
the programming of the emission parameters and indicates via displayed
messages the different conditions of the unit and any defects and errors
that occur.
The messages are divided into two groups:

• Operational messages: messages that guide the operator in setting
up the unit for performing an examination (see User Manual).
• Error messages: messages that are displayed when an error occurs.
There are three types of error messages:
1- Messages that could have been caused by the operator when
releasing the X-ray button or pressing key "9" when a

movement is in progress.
This message will be displayed as follows:
E x x x
P R E S S R E S E T
xxx code number of the error message
Operating conditions are reset by pressing key "9" .
2- Messages arising from a system defect. In this case, the Technical

Service must be called.
The messages that require the intervention of the Technical Service
are displayed as follows:
E x x x
C A L L T E C H A S S .
3- Messages related to problems regarding the HF board. In this case,

the unit must be switched off. Wait a few seconds for the circuit
capacitors to discharge and then switch the unit on again. If the
problem persists, call the Technical Service.
E x x x
S W I T C H O F F S Y S T .

SERVICE MANUAL
Troubleshooting
The following table illustrates the various messages that require the intervention of
the Technical Service and the reference chapters where the diagnostic procedure
and the corrective actions are given.
Motors movement
Code Error description Reference chapter

500 Unexpected limit switch activation X-axis 8.3.8.1.1
501 Unexpected limit switch activation Y-axis 8.3.8.2.1
502 Unexpected limit switch activation Rotation 8.3.8.3.1
504 X-Y-Rotation time-out motor zeroing 8.3.8.4.1
505 Time-out motor Y zeroing Action as per E501
506 Time-out motor R zeroing Action as per E502 or 8.5.2
508 Time-out motor X zeroing Action as per E500
542 Collision of rotation arm with patient 8.3.8.3.2
Primary collimator

546 (*) Primary slit collimator Limit sensor not found 8.3.8.5.1
580 (*) The zero sensor of slit primary collimator 8.3.8.5.1
always active
592 (*) Unexpected limit switch activation slit 8.3.8.5.1
primary collimator motor
595 (*) Primary slit collimator zeroing timeout. 8.3.8.5.1
Soft
Soft tissue filter
520 (*) Soft tissues filter timeout 8.3.8.6.1
521 (*) The movement of the soft tissues filter stops 8.3.8.6.1
at the limit switch
522 (*) Limit switch not found during reset of soft 8.3.8.6.1
tissues filter
523 (*) Soft Tissue Filter zero sensor always active 8.3.8.6.1
(*) Errors related to slit primary collimator are not present in PAN ONLY machines.

SERVICE MANUAL
Troubleshooting
Secondary collimator

545 (**) CEPH secondary collimator Limit sensor not 8.3.9.2.1
found
581 (**) The zero sensor of ceph secondary collimator 8.3.9.2.1
is always active
591 (**) Unexpected limit switch activation CEPH 8.3.9.2.1
secondary collimator motor
594 (**) CEPH secondary collimator zeroing timeout 8.3.9.2.1
CEPH sensor

544 (**) CEPH sensor motor limit sensor not found 8.3.9.3.1
582 (**) The zero sensor of ceph sensor is always 8.3.9.3.1
active
590 (**) Unexpected limit switch activation CEPH 8.3.9.3.1
sensor motor
593 (**) CEPH sensor zeroing timeout 8.3.9.3.1
(**) Errors related to digital ceph arm are not present in machines without digital ceph arm.
H.F. Board & Tubehead

550 “No power supply” alarm H.F. generator board 8.3.6.3.1
551 H.F. generator board “overvoltage” alarm 8.3.6.3.2
552 H.F. generator board “overload” alarm 8.3.6.3.3
553 H.F. generator board “broken filament” alarm 8.3.6.3.4
554 H.F. generator board “no X-ray emission” 8.3.6.3.5
alarm
555 “X-ray emission too long” alarm 8.3.6.3.6

SERVICE MANUAL
Troubleshooting
Buttons

560 One or more keys are reported as pressed 8.3.6.2.1
during the switching-on phase (see following
table)
561 RX key released during X-rays examination 8.3.6.2.2
562 RX key short-circuited during start-up and/or 8.3.6.2.3
during examination programming
563 Remote RX key pressed during start-up 8.3.6.2.4
and/or during examination programming
Memory checksum

570 Checksum error on Flash EPROM 8.4.1
571 Writing error on Flash EPROM 8.4.2
572 Error during erase of Flash EPROM 8.4.2
573 Error during the verification phase of Flash 8.4.2
EPROM
574 Unspecified error of Flash EPROM 8.4.2
575 Configuration data corrupted on Flash 8.4.2
EPROM

503 X30 connector (jumpers) not present or not 8.5.1
well connected
507 Wrong setup configuration (Password 90) 8.5.3
515 Wrong setup configuration (Password 92) 8.5.2
541 Panoramic sensor holder not in panoramic 8.3.8.3.4
position
543 Panoramic sensor holder not in ceph position 8.3.8.3.4
600 Reset key pressed during movement 8.3.8.3.4
601 U.I.C. not found and/or faulty 8.5.4
602 Menu item not available 8.5.5
9xx Protocol Error 8.5.6

SERVICE MANUAL
Troubleshooting
NOTE:
The CPU board contains a non-volatile memory where all the calibration
data of the unit (e.g. motor offset) and all the preference settings
performed by the user (e.g. exposure parameters different from the
default ones) are stored. This non-volatile memory is mounted on a small
piggy-back board fitted on the CPU board through a socket. In case of
replacement of the CPU board, the piggy-back board containing the non-
volatile memory must be removed from the defective CPU board and
installed on the new CPU board in place of the existing one which
contains a blank non-volatile memory. In this way, the calibration data
will be automatically loaded in the new board (otherwise these data will
be lost). When removing/fitting the piggy-back board, pay attention not
to damage it or the CPU board.
If the failure of the CPU is due to the non-volatile memory or to the piggy-
back board, and therefore stored data are lost, see Appendix A of this
manual where calibration data are listed. This information can be
manually entered into the new CPU board through the service programs
of the machine (passwords).
WARNING:
If the original flash Eproms cannot be reused the first operation
after having replaced the full CPU is to setup the hardware
configuration using Password 92 (see paragraph 8.3.3).
If this configuration is not correct the CPU board will result not
operative.

SERVICE MANUAL
Troubleshooting
If error E560 occurs, the keys pressed during start-up will also be
displayed as follows:
E 5 6 0 ( x x x x x x x x )
xxxxxxxx code number of error message 560
Code Key description Key no.

(Figure 3-6)
00000001 Not used 21
00000002 PANORAMIC centering device 20
00000004 Arrow up 22
00000008 Arrow right 24
00000010 ENTER 23
00000020 Arrow left 26
00000040 Arrow down 25
00000100 Selection of arch type (wide, normal, 13
narrow)
00000200 Column key 28
00000800 TMJ translateral examination selection 16
00001000 Size selection (small, standard, large) 12
00002000 Adult/Child selection 11
00004000 CEPHALOMETRY selection 15
00008000 IMPLANT selection 14
00010000 Column down 29
00080000 PANORAMIC selection 17
00100000 TMJ open/closed mouth selection 18
00200000 TMJ BIAXIAL selection 19
00400000 Patient input 10
00800000 Reset 9
02000000 Increase by steps 3
04000000 Column up 27
08000000 kV selection 7
10000000 Exposure time selection 4
20000000 mA selection 5
40000000 Reduction by steps 6
80000000 Test 8

SERVICE MANUAL
Troubleshooting
8.2. LEDs
This paragraph describes the diagnostic significance of the LEDs on the
STRATO 2000 Digital boards.
The chapter includes the following paragraphs:
• 8.2.1 CPU board LED
• 8.2.2 HF board LED
• 8.2.3 Power supply group LED
The location of the boards is as follows:

CPU BOARD
PANORAMIC
DIRECT DIGITAL
SENSOR AND
ELECTRONICS
HF GENERATOR
&
TUBEHEAD
BOARD
CEPHALOMETRIC
DIRECT DIGITAL COMMAND
SENSOR AND PANEL
ELECTRONICS
USB/2 CONNECTOR
POWER SUPPLY GROUP
NOTE:
The LED on the keyboard are not described in this chapter. These are
described in paragraph 3.6.1. These LEDs are tested by activating
password 94 (see paragraph 8.3.6.2).
The LEDs of the Direct Digital Sensor board are described on the relevant
Manual.

SERVICE MANUAL
Troubleshooting
8.2.1. CPU board LED
The following table shows the LED that are present on the CPU board,
their colors, their significance and the recommended corrective actions in
case of defects. To locate the LEDs, refer to the CPU A1 board illustrated
in chapter 9, drawing #4, of this manual:
Status of the LED

Corrective actions in case
LED Colour Function under normal
of defect
condition
- The microprocessor does
Microprocessor
H8 Yellow ON not work. Change the CPU
Watchdog circuit
board.
"+5VS" presence - Verifies +24V presence.
H10 Green generated inside the ON - Verifies +5VS stabilizer
CPU circuit on the CPU (IC N1).
"+5V" presence - Verifies +24V presence.
H11 Green generated inside the ON - Verifies +5V stabilizer
"+24V" presence from - Verifies +24V output from
H12 Green ON the power supply group and
power supply group
relative wiring system.
"+12VS" presence - Verifies +24V presence.
H13 Green generated inside the ON - Verifies +12V stabilizer
In case no LEDs are turned ON no activity can be observed on the

keyboard check the wiring X3 (Power Supply group) –X1 (CPU board) and
the green LED on the base of the device

SERVICE MANUAL
Troubleshooting
8.2.2. H.F. board LED
The following table shows the LED that are present on the H.F. board,
their colours, their significance and the recommended corrective actions
in case of defects. To locate the LEDs, refer to the layout of the HF board
(A2) illustrated in chapter 9, drawing #8, of this manual:
Status of the LED

Corrective actions in case of
defect
conditions
"Power"; correct
- Check fuse F2 on the power
function of the
supply group.
H1 Green switching power ON
- Check fuses F1 and F2 on
supply oscillator
the HF board.
(IC U1)
X-ray tube filament broken.
H2 Green "Filament OK" ON
Change tubehead.
Tubehead power supply tube
overvoltage. Switch off the unit,
H3 Red "Overvolt" OFF then switch on again. If the
error persist, change the H.F.
board.
ON with X-rays Check the X-ray button and
H4 Yellow "X-ray ON"
emission cable.
Tubehead power supply circuit
overload. Switch off the unit,
H5 Red "Overload" OFF then switch on again. If the
error persists, change the H.F.
board.
8.2.3. Power supply LED group
The led shown in the following table is on the +24V switching power
supply located at the base of the column (the layout of the +24V
switching power supply module is shown in chapter 9, drawing #21, of
this manual).
Status of the LED

Corrective actions in case of
defect
conditions
Check the presence of +24V
output from the +24V switching
Correct functioning
power supply module.
of the +24V
LED Green ON Disconnect the CPU (X3) board.
switching power
If the defect persists, change
supply.
the switching power supply
module.

SERVICE MANUAL
Troubleshooting
8.3. Service programs descriptions

This paragraph provides a brief description of the service programs
(password) of the unit.
There are two levels of password; one level is used for the hardware
configuration and should be used only when the entire CPU board has
been replaced.
The second level enables the service engineer to perform a series of tests
of the machine's functions, for example, providing the possibility of
activating the various motors and verifying the correct working of the
relative positioning sensors.
Access to the hardware configuration and service programs is as follows:
1. Switch on the unit. The following message will be displayed:
R E L E A S E * . * * *
After 3 seconds, the following will be displayed:
> T E S T <
2. When this message is displayed, increase key "3" and
decrease "6" must be pressed simultaneously. After 3
seconds, the following will be displayed:
S E T U P
P A S S W O R D ? 1 0 0
3. Using key "22" or "25" , set the number of the
Password relative to the desired Service Program.
- For the service programs confirm the selection by pressing key
"23" .
- For hardware configuration password confirm the selection by
pressing at the same time keys "7" and "5" .

SERVICE MANUAL
Troubleshooting
The hardware configuration password are the following:
• Password 89: collimator type selection

• Password 90: digital version selection
• Password 92: CPU type selection
• Password 93: Soft Tissue Filter motor type selection
• Password 95: kV minimum value setting.
The service programs available are the following:
• Password 94: test of a number of HW components in the system

• Password 102: allows reading of the parameters stored into the
non-volatile memory of the unit (e.g. motor offset)
• Password 118: test on motors/positioning sensors, setting of the
zero offsets of the axes and the collimators
• Password 124: digital ceph zero offsets and test on
motors/positionig sensors of the ceph arm.
• Password 130: language setting for the displayed messages (the
Service messages are always in English)
• Password 143: display and reset of the counters for the various
examinations. Display of total time of the system's
exposure.
The activation of the various functions provided by the service programs

is made using the keyboard. The function of each key is described in the
following sub-sections dedicated to the various passwords. In this phase,
the console display will present data regarding the password/selected
function. The relative description is given in the following paragraphs.
In this chapter, inside the specific service program description, it is

possible to find a more detailed description of the different error
messages listed in the table of paragraph 8.1 and suggestions for
troubleshooting of the problem and correct it

SERVICE MANUAL
Troubleshooting
8.3.1. Password 89
The display will show alternatively:
P R . C O L L . M O D E
N O T P R E S E N T
L I N E A R S L I T
S T A N D A R D M O D E
C H I L D A S A D U L T
To move from one selection to another use keys and .
To confirm selection and exit from password press key "9" .
The following message will be displayed:
if these changes are not to be stored.
Select “NOT PRESENT” for the PAN ONLY model.
Select “LINEAR SLIT” for the PAN UPGRADABLE to DIGITAL CEPH

model.
WARNING:
DO NOT MODIFY FACTORY SELECTION; FUNCTIONALITY CAN BE
SEVERELY IMPAIRED.

SERVICE MANUAL
Troubleshooting
8.3.2. Password 90
The display will show:
D I G I T A L S E T U P
D I G I T A L M O D E O F F
or
D I G I T A L S E T U P
D I G I T A L M O D E O N
To move between selection, use key as a toggle.
Select "DIGITAL MODE ON".
WARNING:
SEVERELY IMPAIRED.

SERVICE MANUAL
Troubleshooting
8.3.3. Password 92
C P U T Y P E S E T U P
E N H A N C E D C P U
or
C P U T Y P E S E T U P
S T A N D A R D C P U
Select "ENHANCED CPU".
WARNING:
SEVERELY IMPAIRED.

SERVICE MANUAL
Troubleshooting
8.3.4. Password 93
S T F M O T O R S E T U P
T Y P E 2
or
S T F M O T O R S E T U P
T Y P E 1
Select "TYPE 1" or "TYPE 2" according with Soft Tissue Filter motor type
indicated in Appendix B.
Default setup is "TYPE 2".

SERVICE MANUAL
Troubleshooting
8.3.5. Password 94
This password is used for testing a number of system components. Upon

access to this function, the following menu is displayed:
T E S T M E N U
< m e n u o p t i o n >
where <menu option> indicates one of the following selectable functions:

• <Test Input Ports>: Input ports test
• <Test Keyboard>: Keyboard test
• <Test kV circuit>: XR tube piloting voltage generation circuit test
• <Test mA circuit>: XR tube filament current generation circuit test
Scrolling through the various functions is made using the keys:
(forward scroll) and (backward scroll). Scrolling is made
in rotation. To enter a function press key "23" .

SERVICE MANUAL
Troubleshooting
8.3.6. Password 95
This password is used for setting the minimum kV value that can be
selected in exam mode. Upon access to this function, the following menu
is displayed:
F O R C E M I N 6 0 k V
F O R C E M I N k V O F F
or
F O R C E M I N 6 0 k V
F O R C E M I N k V O N
Select “OFF” to set the minimum kV value to 50kV.
Select “ON” to set the minimum kV value to 60kV.
NOTE:
The minimum value in service programs is always 50kV.

SERVICE MANUAL
Troubleshooting
8.3.6.1. Input ports test
This function is used to carry out diagnostics at low level of the various
input signals of the CPU board. It may be used, for example, to verify the
limit switches without necessarily moving the axes but manually
activating the microswitches.
The display will be updated as follows:
T E S T I N P U T P O R T S
D y y 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
NOTE:
The characters presented on the display have been substituted with
letters in this figure, so that the significance/function of each one can be
described more clearly:
• yy= selected port code (D9, D10, D11, D12, D17)
• 87654321= logic status of the port inputs.
The port code correspond to the chip initials as per the wiring diagram,
while the status of the bits describes the logic level of the inputs on the
selected port.
NOTE:
The following table describes the correspondence between the displayed
figures and the corresponding input signal. The digits are numbered from
8 to 1. The eighth digit corresponds to the character furthest to the left
on the display, while digit 1 corresponds to the character furthest to the
right.

SERVICE MANUAL
Troubleshooting
µSwitch/sensor Logic status

Port Bit Association
initials at rest
D9 8 Y-axis forward limit switch S5 0
7 Y-axis backwards limit switch S8 0
6 Y-axis back with respect to zero S6 see Note
5 Y-axis forward with respect to zero S6 see Note
4 X-axis left limit switch S9 0
3 X-axis right limit switch S12 0
2 X-axis to right of zero S10 see Note
1 X-axis to left of zero S10 see Note
D10 8 Right rotation limit switch (clockwise) S13 0
7 Left rotation limit switch (anti-clockwise) S16 0
6 Rotation to right of zero S14 see Note
5 Rotation to left of zero S14 see Note
4 Left cassette limit switch S18 NOT USED
3 Right cassette limit switch S17 NOT USED
Left secondary collimator - IMPLANT
2 S20 NOT USED
position
Right secondary collimator - PANORAMIC
1 S21 NOT USED
position
D11 8 Primary collimator in zero position S22 NOT USED
7 Soft tissue filter all in field S23 NOT USED
6 Limit switch column all down S27 0
5 Limit switch column all up S26 0
Sensor holder NOT in PANORAMIC
4 S25 1
position
3 Sensor holder in PANORAMIC position S24 1
2 X-rays button on column 1
1 Sensor ready S19 0
D12 8 not used
7 not used
6 not used
5 not used
4 not used
3 not used
2 not used
1 Remote control X-rays button 0
D17 8 X-rays presence sensor 1
7 X-ray tube filament broken alarm 0
6 H.F. board overload alarm 1
5 H.F. board overvoltage alarm overvoltage 1
4 H.F. board - no power supply 0
3 not used
2 Soft Tissue Filter zero sensor B2 0
1 Slit primary collimator zero sensor B1 0

SERVICE MANUAL
Troubleshooting
NOTE:
The logic status of these signals depends on the physical position of the
relevant microswitch with respect to the "0" position. Check the
functioning of the microswitch by moving the relevant axis
(motor/movement) and checking that the logic status changes.
The keys active for this test are:
Displays the preceding port in the list of ports present

(key "26")
Displays the next port in the list of ports present (key "24")
Returns to the main menu (key "9")

SERVICE MANUAL
Troubleshooting
8.3.6.2. Keyboard test
This function is used to verify the functions of the keys and the relative
light indicators.
Upon access, only the title of the function is displayed:
K E Y B O A R D T E S T
After which the system awaits the pressing of a key. Each time a key is
pressed the description of the key (character string) and the code
(hexadecimal numeric value) is displayed and for those keys associated
with a LED, the corresponding LED lights up. In order to be able to verify
the light indicators "1" and "2" that are not associated
to keys, the system lights up the two LEDs upon entering the function.
For example, when key "23" is pressed, the display shows the
following message:
K _ E N T E R
C O D E : 0 x 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
The function is exited by pressing key "9" . Before quitting, the
following message is displayed:
K _ R E S E T
C O D E : 0 x 0 0 8 0 0 0 0 0
To enable the reading of the "RESET" key code. After two seconds, the
display returns to the main menu.
There are a set or errors, grouped in the range E560 to E563 for the
diagnostics of the functionality of the keyboard; E560 is specifically for a
problem related only to the keyboard functionality, while the others are
related to emission buttons (local and remote).

SERVICE MANUAL
Troubleshooting
8.3.6.2.1. ERROR 560: One or more buttons pressed at start-

start-up
If error E560 occurs, the keys pressed during start-up will also be
displayed as follows:
E 5 6 0 ( x x x x x x x x )
xxxxxxxx code number of error message 560
The xxxxxxxx characters are used to identify the pressed button,

according to the following table:
Code Key description

00000001 IMPLANT centering device
00000002 PANORAMIC centering device
00000004 Arrow up
00000008 Arrow right
00000010 ENTER
00000020 Arrow left
00000040 Arrow down
00000100 Selection of arch type (wide, normal, narrow)
00000200 Column key
00000800 TMJ translateral examination selection
00001000 Size selection (small, standard, large)
00002000 Adult/Child selection
00004000 CEPHALOMETRY selection
00008000 IMPLANT selection
00010000 Column down
00080000 PANORAMIC selection
00100000 TMJ1-TMJ2 selection
00200000 TMJ BIAXIAL selection
00400000 Patient input
00800000 Return
01000000 Not used
02000000 Increase by steps
04000000 Column up
08000000 kV selection
10000000 Exposure time selection
20000000 mA selection
40000000 Reduction by steps
80000000 Test

SERVICE MANUAL
Troubleshooting
1. Try to unlock the pressed buttons.

2. Check the cable from keyboard to CPU, looking especially to the
connector between chin rest and column.
NOTE:
The usual fault of the cable is a poor contact on this connector and the
result can be an unreadable message but the machine looks functional,
or the column does not move, etc..
3. Check also the cable up to the CPU X22 connector.

4. If the cabling is OK, replace the keyboard.

SERVICE MANUAL
Troubleshooting
8.3.6.2.2. ERROR 561: X-

X-ray button released during emission
This message appears only if, during an examination with or without

emission, the X-ray button has been released.
Press the reset button and restart the operation as suggested by the
control system.
8.3.6.2.3. ERROR 562: X-

X-ray button pressed during start-
start-up or during exam
preparation
This message is displayed if the X-ray button is sensed pressed during

the power on or during the preparation of the exam, that is during the
movements of the rotating arm to reach the initial position.
1. If the button was not intentionally pressed, power off the machine,
disconnect the connector X47 on the CPU and power on the machine
again. If the message continues to be displayed, replace the CPU.
2. Check the cable from X51 up to the local button and replace it if
faulty.
3. In case the X-ray button is faulty because always closed, replace it.
8.3.6.2.4. ERROR 563: Remote X-

X-ray button pressed during start-
start-up or
during exam preparation
This message is the equivalent of the above message but applies to the
remote one.
1. Repeat the above steps, but disconnect the cable from connector
X51.
2. Check the cable from X51 up to the X0 connector on the main base.
3. Disconnect the remote X-ray button from X0 connector on the main
base plate and verify that the error disappear; if remains, check the
cable from power board to CPU.
4. In case the X-ray button is faulty because always closed, replace it.

SERVICE MANUAL
Troubleshooting
8.3.6.3. kV / mA Piloting Circuits Test
The two functions are described together as they behave in exactly the
same way. This test is aimed at verifying the functionality of the CPU and
the connection between the CPU board and the HF board.
The H.F. board piloting signals (anode voltage and filament current) is
generated by an 8-bit D/A converter (i.e. at 256 levels). The two functions
described change the output level and therefore piloting voltage of the
H.F. board within the range: 0 - 255 that corresponds to a variation of
between 0 to 10 Volts at the converter output.
Upon access to this function, the current setting of the output level and
the corresponding voltage value is displayed:
T E S T m A C I R C U I T
L E V E L = 6 4 2 . 5 V
The active keys for this test are the following:
Increases the output level by one unit to a minimum of zero

(key "3")
Decreases the output level by one unit to a maximum of 255

(key "6")
Returns to the main menu (key "9")
The voltage values set via this test can be measured with a DVM on the
following test points on the CPU board X35 (see chapter 9, drawing #3):
• TP1 = GND
• TP2 = kV
• TP3 = mA
The voltages set with this test must be measured on the above test points
with a tolerance of ± 10%. Each increment bit causes a variation of
39mV.
Check different settings to see the correspondence between the level set
and the Volt value displayed and measured; in case there is no
correspondence or no variation changing the settings, replace the CPU
board.
Making reference to the HF board layout and schematics, connect the
DVM probes to test points TP4 (ground) and TP5 (kV), repeat setting
variations and check the correspondence of values; if there is no
correspondence or no variations it is likely that the cabling between the
CPU and the HF board is broken, so replace it.

SERVICE MANUAL
Troubleshooting
NOTE:
When this function is quit the voltage value present at the moment of
access to the function is reset. Therefore, this function cannot be used to
permanently change the piloting voltages. Furthermore, it is possible that
when the piloting voltages are changed, this could activated the HF board
protection system (e.g. OVERVOLTAGE), with the consequent block of the
X-rays emission. It is therefore recommended that the unit be reset upon
completion of the diagnostic procedure of the piloting voltages.
There is a set of errors which help diagnose the functionality of the HF

power supply section of the STRATO 2000 Digital. The HF board is
located on the rotating arm, just above the tubehead/collimator assy. To
access it, remove the upper plastic cover of the rotating arm and remove
also the metal cover; in this way it will be possible to look at the various
LEDs mounted on the board.
WARNING:
In the HF power board a voltage of 400 V is present; this voltage is also
applied during a discharging period of the high voltage capacitor filter
that feed the board, so caution has to be taken also if mains has been cut
off in advance.

SERVICE MANUAL
Troubleshooting
8.3.6.3.1. ERROR 550: No voltage present on HF board
This message means that there is no voltage feeding the board; this can
be checked looking at the LED H1 that must be ON.
If ON, check the cable X5 from the board to CPU and replace it if
interrupted.
1. If the LED H1 is off, check fuse F1 on the power supply group located
on the base; check also fuses F1 and F2 on the board itself and
replace the blown one.
WARNING:
If one of the above fuses blown, may be that a short circuit on the
board/tubehead occur, so carefully power on the system after the
replacement, because the failure can replicate.
2. Check resistor R9 (4R7 1W) of the HF power board; if broken, replace

it with another one of the same value and power dissipation.
3. If the LED H1 is ON and the error message is still present, check the
status of bit 4 of port D17, using the password 94. The normal
condition is 0; if 1, check the cable X5 from the HF power board to
CPU. If the cable is OK and the signal is still 1, a possible fault of the
CPU is the cause.
4. If fuse F1 on the base is blown, check the cable X5 from the base to
X29 on the filter box located on the rotating arm; disconnect carefully
X29 and verify that the fuse does not blow. If yes, means that the
cable itself is short circuited.
5. Power off the system; reconnect X29 and disconnect X1 on the HF
board. Power on the system and verify that the fuse do not blow; if it
blows, a short circuit on the filter box occur, so replace the filter
and/or the cable.
6. Power off the machine and reconnect X1, disconnecting the cables
feeding the tubehead, X2 and X3 of the HF board; repeat the power
on procedure. A blown fuse means a short circuit on the HF power
board, so replace it. A fault in this board can also be caused by a
discharge on the tubehead. Please notice that the HF board has
always to be replaced together with the tubehead because there
are adjustments needed to match the two components.

SERVICE MANUAL
Troubleshooting
8.3.6.3.2. ERROR 551: Overvoltage
This message can occur during a power on state if the system was
switched off and on with a rapid sequence; switch off the system and wait
for half a minute before powering it on again.
1. If the error remains; look at LED H3 that should be ON; if it is OFF,

check the cable X5 from the HF board to the CPU.
2. If ON, possible cause can be a fault on the cable X4 (HF) to X9 of the
CPU; check all contacts looking for loosen wires.
3. Verify the status of bit 5 of D17 using the password 94; it must be 1
in normal status (no error present) and 0 when there is an error. If
there is a difference between the status bit and the LED, check the
cable X5 from HF power board to CPU; eventually replace the cable
or CPU.
4. If all test failed (that is, all cables are OK), check the values of kV set
on the output of the CPU board, using a digital meter set to VDC and
following the steps described on paragraph 7.2 and 7.3.

SERVICE MANUAL
Troubleshooting
8.3.6.3.3. ERROR 552: Overload
1. Check the LED H5, that should be ON; in case it is OFF, check cable
X5.
2. If ON, performs the steps from 2 to 4 described for error E551,
looking at the status of bit 6 (normal status 1) of the port D17.
8.3.6.3.4. ERROR 553: Broken filament
This message means that the system detects a fault on the circuit feeding
the X-ray tube filament; a small current is always circulating in the
filament to reduce the pre heating time and reduce temperature stress; if
the circuit is interrupted, the above message is displayed.
1. Power off the machine; using a digital meter check the ohm value
between X3.5 and X3.6 of the connector X3 of the HF power board. A
low value has to be measured. If an open circuit is sensed,
disconnect the connector X3 and check the continuity of the wires
from X3.5 and X3.6 to the tubehead.
2. If a broken cable is sensed, replace it, otherwise the tubehead has to
be replaced.
3. Check that LED H2 is ON; if off, check the cable X5.
4. If the Led is ON, check the cable X3 from the HF power board to the
tubehead.
5. Look at the status of bit 7 of port D17, using the password 94.
Normal status of the bit is 0 (with no error condition) and 1 if there is
an error. If there is a difference between the bit the LED status, and
the cable X5 from HF power to CPU.
6. Replace the tubehead. Please notice that the HF board and the
tubehead have always to be replaced together because there are
adjustments needed to match the two components.

SERVICE MANUAL
Troubleshooting
8.3.6.3.5. ERROR 554: No X-

X-ray output
This message is visualised if, during examination, the system does not
sense the X-ray ON signal at the preset time.
1. Check the fuse F2 on the HF power board; eventually replace it. If the
fuse continues to blow out, try to perform an exposure with the
connector X3 disconnected. If the fuse continues to blow, means that
there is a short circuit on the HF power board, so it must be
replaced. Otherwise, there is a possible short circuit on the tubehead.
Note that also in case of faulty HF power board, the tubehead can be
defective.
2. Performs an exposure, looking at LED H4, the yellow one. It must
light up during the emission. If the LED is lit and the message is
displayed, check the cable X5 up to the CPU.
3. If the LED does not light up and the fuse F2 is OK, the problem can
be caused by a loose contact on the cable X5; check the cable X5,
looking carefully to signal coming from the CPU to the HF generator.
4. If the cable X5 is OK, verify the input bit 8 of port D17 using
password 94; if it is always 1, means that the input port or the cable
is broken. If input the input port is broken, replace CPU.
5. If the LED is off and the error message is still present, repeat the
above test on port D17.

SERVICE MANUAL
Troubleshooting
8.3.6.3.6. ERROR 555: X-

X-ray output too long
This message means that the control system senses the signal of "X-ray
on" also after the allowed time for that signal to go off. This is a
dangerous situation because an unwanted emission can be present
up to the intervention of safety backup timer, that disconnect the
HF power.
1. Check the yellow LED H4 of the HF power board; if it is still ON,

power off the STRATO 2000 Digital immediately.
2. Check cable X3 and X4 from the HF power board to the CPU; if
incorrect replace the faulty cable, otherwise replace the HF power
board. Please notice that the HF board and the tubehead have
always to be replaced together because there are adjustments
needed to match the two components.

SERVICE MANUAL
Troubleshooting
8.3.7. Password 102
This password allows the service engineer to read all parameters stored
into the non-volatile memory of the system.
Parameters that can be read are the following:

• Motor offsets
• Status of optional examination (OFF=disable, ON=enabled)
• Language selection
• Status of the machine system settings
• Exam counters.
NOTE:
Same of displayed data are meaning less in this software release.
When accessing password 102 the following message appears on display:
L A N G U A G E
x x x x x x x
Selection of the different parameters

(key "26" or "24")
or
Quits password (key "9")
To quit Password 102, press "9" . The unit returns to normal
working condition.

SERVICE MANUAL
Troubleshooting
8.3.8. Password
Password 118
WARNING:
All movements of the STRATO 2000 Digital controlled by stepper motors
are based on counting the number of steps starting from a reference
position defined by a zero sensor transition.
The mechanical centering of the different movements is achieved
determining the number of steps between the zero sensor transition
position and the centering position. This reference steps number is called
OFFSET and is a calibration parameter of each motor.
This password activates the motors present in the unit except those of
the ceph arm, verifies the functions of the relative positioning sensors
(microswitches or optoisolators) and performs a series of operations
necessary for the calibration phase.
The following functions are verified with password 118:

• X-axis motor and relative sensors (identified with X Zero)
• Y-axis motor and relative sensors (identified with Y Zero)
• Rotation motor and relative sensors (identified with Rotation Zero)
• Primary collimator motor and relative sensor (identified with
PR.COLL. SETUP) (*)
• Soft Tissue Filter motor and relative sensor (identified with TEST
STF) (*)
• Column movement motor and relative sensors (identified with Test
Column).
(*) Only for machine with slit primary collimator.
Each of the above motor is described in detail here below.
Upon access to this password the following message is displayed:
Press key "23" , the machine will move and the following message
will be displayed:
W A I T F O R

SERVICE MANUAL
Troubleshooting
When the machine stops, the following message will be displayed:
X Z E R O
When quitting each function (press key "9" ), and if data has been
changed, the following message will be displayed:
Press key "23" to store the changes made or press key "9"
not to store them. The rotation group will return to its previous position
and the following message will be displayed:
R E S T O R I N G
Press key "9" to quit Password 118. The following message will be
displayed:
Press key "23" to quit the password or key "9" to remain in
password 118.
NOTE:
previous data.

SERVICE MANUAL
Troubleshooting
8.3.8.1. X-Axis Zero (M5 Motor)
The movement of the X-axis is perpendicular to the column. It therefore
moves to the right ( ) when it moves away from the column, and to
the left ( ) when it moves towards the column. The concept of right
and left is given in relation to the operator who is positioned in front of

the keyboard/patient.
This test is accessed by activating password 118. When the following

message is displayed:
X Z E R O
NOTE:
described more clearly.
NOTE:
The components described here below (microswitches) can be seen on the
block diagram in paragraph 3.5 and in Figure 8-1.
• a= S9 microswitch status (N.O.: 0= contact open; 1=contact

closed)
• b= S10 microswitch-switch status (N.O.: 0= contact open;
1=contact closed)
• c= S10 microswitch-switch status (N.C.: 0= contact open;
1=contact closed)
• d= S12 microswitch status (N.O.: 0= contact open; 1=contact
closed)
• eeeee = number of correction steps (of the motor) (offset)
• ff = speed of motor shift
• X ZERO = indicates the selected motor. In this case the X-axis
motor.

SERVICE MANUAL
Troubleshooting
Increases the speed of the motor (key "3")
Decreases the speed of the motor (key "6")
Shifts the carriage to the left (key "26")
Shifts the carriage to the right (key "24")
Switches ON/OFF the Panoramic/TMJ centering device

(key "20")
Quits the motor function, does not save the changes made
and returns to the "Service Menu" display (key "9")
Upon quitting saves the changes made (key "23")

SERVICE MANUAL
Troubleshooting
8.3.8.1.1. ERROR 500
This error is displayed when there is an unexpected transition of limit

switches S9 or S12 of X-axis
Entering in the X-axis service program it is possible to check the cause of

the error.
In normal conditions the display must visualise "0XX0" instead of

characters "abcd"; that is, status of "b" and "c" depend on the current
position. These values are linked to opposite side of the same
microswitch, so the possible status can be "0100" or "0010"; the
situation "0110" is possible only for a short time.
• If a, b, c, and d are all 1, check the cable harness X50 up to the

connector on the CPU board
• if a and/or d are set to 1 at the same time; verify that switches S9
and/or S12 can be activated/deactivated; this test can be performed
using a DVM set to measure Ω. If glued, replace the microswitch,
otherwise check cable X50
• if the cable is OK, check input port D9, bits 4 and 3; eventually
activate/deactivate manually the switch looking at the corresponding
bit, that must change its status
• if switch and cable are OK but bit doesn’t change, the CPU port is
broken; replace the CPU.
1. Using key , set speed (ff) equal to 5.
2. Pressing the key, the arm must move to right, so away from
the column; continue to press it until the arm stops; the display
must show 0011; if not check the switch S12 and/or the cable X50,
as described before.
3. Pressing the key, the arm must move toward the column;
continue until the arm stops the end and the display must show
1100; if not, check the switch S9 and/or the cable X50, as described
before.

SERVICE MANUAL
Troubleshooting
4. Check that, during the movement the bits b and c change the status;
as these are linked to a single switch, S10, so they must change at
the same time. If they do not change, check S10.
• check the functionality of S10.
• if glued, replace it.
• if not, verify the port D9, bits 1 and 2. If the displayed value do
not change also if the switch is activated and the cable has been
tested OK, the CPU port is broken; replace it.
If the switch S10 does not change its status, the control system
will not be able to determine the zero position of X axis, so the
message error E508 will be displayed.
5. If there is no variations of above signals, if arm does not move or

moves with difficulty or jumps:
• check the belt and verify that it is not broken; if the belt is loose,
adjust its tension
• check cables X39 and X38; there can be a short circuit or a
broken wire; check also for a loosen contact. In case of short
circuit, replace the cable, verifying also that no damage has been
caused to the motor driver (D25) on the CPU.
6. If there is no variation of the above signals and the arm moves, verify
the cable X50 up to the CPU board. If still there is no variation of the
signals when there is an activation of the switches, change the CPU
board.
In case of no motion, it is possible that the problem is related to the

motor: in order to check this connect the driver of the X-axis motor to the
rotation motor putting X20 cable on X19 connector on the CPU board.
Try to move the motor and look at the rotation arm: if it rotates the
problem is either on the motor (or in its mechanism) or in the
interconnecting board A7; if the arm does not rotate the problem is in the
electronics, but it should have already been detected in steps 1-6.
Take care to restore the correct connections.

SERVICE MANUAL
Troubleshooting
8.3.8.2. Y-Axis Zero (M4 Motor)
The movement of the Y-axis is parallel to the column. It therefore moves
forward ( ) when it goes nearer to the patient or backwards ( )
when it goes nearer to the operator. The concept of back and forth is
given in relation to the movement along the operator/patient direction.
This test is accessed in password 118 by pressing key "26" or key
"24" until the following message is displayed:
Y Z E R O
NOTE:
NOTE:
The components described herebelow (microswitches) can be seen on the
• a= S8 microswitch status (N.O.: 0= contact open;

1=contact closed)
1=contact closed)
1=contact closed)
• d= S5 microswitch status (N.O.: 0= contact open;
1=contact closed)
• Y ZERO = indicates the selected motor. In this case the Y-axis
motor.

SERVICE MANUAL
Troubleshooting
Shifts the carriage towards the patient (key "22")
Shifts the carriage towards the operator (key "25")
Switches on/off the panoramic centering device/TMJ

(key "20")
Allows to carry out a 180° rotation, to check the proper

alignment of the "Y" axis with respect to the "0" position. This
can be verified by measuring the distance between the sensor
holder and the "Y" line on the centering tool (code 54099002).
The two distances measured in position 0° and after the 180°
rotation must be the same (± 1mm) (key "8")
The X-axis motor function can be accessed directly from the Y-axis
function using the following keys:
Access X-axis motor test and shift the carriage towards the
column (key "26")
Access the X-axis motor and shift the carriage away from the
column (key "24")
When one of the two above keys are pressed, the following will be
displayed:

SERVICE MANUAL
Troubleshooting
After a few seconds key "26 or 24" has been released, the display will
return to the following message:
NOTE:
When this function is quit and the settings are stored, the system will
store any variations made both to the offset of the Y-axis motor and that
of the X-axis motor.

SERVICE MANUAL
Troubleshooting
8.3.8.2.1. ERROR 501
This error is displayed when there is an unexpected transition of limit

switches S5 or S8
Entering in the Y-axis service program it is possible to check the cause of

the error.
In normal conditions the display must visualise "0XX0" instead of

characters "abcd"; that is, status of "b" and "c" depend on the current
position. These values are linked to opposite side of the same
microswitch, so the possible status can be "0100" or "0010"; the situation
"0110" is possible only for a short time.
• If a, b, c, and d are all 1, check the cable harness X33 up to the

connector on the CPU board
• if a and/or d are set to 1 at the same time; verify that switches S5
and/or S8 can be activated/deactivated; this test can be performed
using a multimeter set to measure Ω. If glued, replace it, otherwise
check cable X33
activate/deactivate manually the switch looking at the corresponding
bit, that must change its status
• if switch and cable are OK but bit doesn’t change, the CPU port is
broken; replace the CPU.
2. Pressing the key, the arm must move away from operator;
continue to press it until the arm stops; the display must show 0011;
if not check the switch S5 and/or the cable X33, as described before.
3. Pressing the key, the arm must move toward the column;
continue until the arm stops the end and the display must show
1100; if not, check the switch S8 and/or the cable X33, as described
before.

SERVICE MANUAL
Troubleshooting
4. Check that, during the movement the bits b and c change the status;
as these are linked to a single switch, S6, so they must change at the
same time. If they do not change, check S6.
• check the functionality of S6
• if glued, replace it
• if not, verify the port D9, bits 6 and 5. If the displayed value do
If the switch S6 does not change its status, the control system
will not be able to determine the zero position of Y axis, so the
message error E505 will be displayed.

adjust its tension
• check cables X21; there can be a short circuit or a broken wire;
check also for a loosen contact. In case of short circuit, replace
the cable, verifying also that no damage has been caused to the
motor driver (D27) on the CPU.
6. If there is no variation of the above signals and the arm moves, verify
the cable X33 up to the CPU board. If still there is no variation of the
signals when there is an activation of the switches, change the CPU
board.

motor: in order to check this connect the driver of the Y-axis motor to the
rotation motor putting X21 cable on X19 connector on the CPU board.
Try to move the motor and look at the rotation arm: if it rotates the
problem is either on the motor (or in its mechanism) or in the
interconnecting board A7; if the arm does not rotate the problem is in the

SERVICE MANUAL
Troubleshooting
8.3.8.3. Rotation
Rotation Axis Zero (M3 Motor)
The movement of the rotation axis is towards the right ( ) when
the tubehead rotates towards the right of the operator, and towards the
left ( ) when it rotates towards the left of the operator. The same
concept can be expressed by saying that the rotation is towards the right
when it is made clockwise in relation to an operator who is looking at the
arm from above (from above the unit).
This test is accessed in password 118 by pressing key "26" or
key "24" until the following message is displayed:
NOTE:
NOTE:
• a= S16 microswitch status (N.O.: 0= contact open;

1=contact closed)
1=contact closed)
1=contact closed)
• d= S13 microswitch status (N.O.: 0= contact open;
1=contact closed)
• ff = speed of motor rotation
• T ZERO = indicates the selected motor. In this case the rotation
motor.
SERVICE MANUAL
Troubleshooting
Rotates the arm anti-clockwise (key "26")
Rotates the arm clockwise (key "24")

(key "20")

SERVICE MANUAL
Troubleshooting
M4
Y-axis
M5
X-axis
S16
S13 S9
S10
S12
S14
M3
Rotation
axis
S5 S6 S8
Figure 8-1

SERVICE MANUAL
Troubleshooting
8.3.8.3.1. ERROR 502
This message means that, during the rotation, there is an unexpected

activation of switch S13 and/or S16.
The movement of the rotation axis is defined as right when the tubehead
rotates towards the right of the operator, and defined as left when it
rotates towards the left of the operator. The same concept can be
expressed by saying that the rotation is towards the right when it is
clockwise with respect to an operator who is looking at the arm from
above the unit).
Entering the rotation motor service program it is possible to check the

casue of the error.
In normal conditions the display must visualise "0XX0" in place of

characters "abcd"; that is, status of b and c depend on the current
position. These values are linked to the current position on the opposite
side of the same microswitch, so the possible status can be "0100" or
"0010"; the situation "0110" is possible only for a short time.
• If a, b, c, and d are all 1, check the cable X32 up to the connector on

the CPU board
• if a and/or b are set to 1 at the same time; verify that switches S13
and S14 can be activated/deactivated; if glued, replace it, otherwise
check cable X32
activates/deactivates manually the switch looking at the
corresponding bit, that must change
• if the cable is OK and the bit doesn’t change, the CPU port is broken;
replace the CPU.
2. Pressing the key, the arm must rotate in clockwise direction;
continue to press it until the arm stops; the display must show 0011;
if not check the switch S16 and/or the cable X32, as described
before.
3. Pressing the key, the arm must rotate in the anticlockwise
direction; continue until the arm stops the end and the display must
show 1100; if not, check the switch S13 and/or the cable X32, as
described before.

SERVICE MANUAL
Troubleshooting
4. Check that, during the movement the bit b and c changes the status;
as these are linked to a single switch, S14, so they must change quite
at the same time. The change of a and b must occur quite in the front
of the operator. If they do not change in a few steps, check S14.
• check the functionality of S14
• if glued, replace it
• if not, verify the port D10, bits 6 and 5. If the displayed values do
If the switch S14 do no change its status, the control system will
not be able to determine the zero position of the rotation axis, so
the message error E506 will be displayed.

adjust its tension
• check cable X21; there can be a short circuit or a broken wire;
check also for a loosen contact. In case of short circuit, replace
the cable, verifying also that no damage has been caused to the
motor driver (D23) on the CPU.
6. If the arm moves, verify the cable X32 up to the CPU board. If still
continue to haven’t a variation of the signals when there is an
activation of the switches, change the CPU board.

motor: in order to check this connect the driver of the rotation motor to
the X-axis motor putting X19 cable on X20 connector on the CPU board.
Try to move the motor and look at the X arm: if it moves the problem is
either on the rotation motor (or in its mechanism) or in the
interconnecting board A7; if the arm does not move the problem is in the

SERVICE MANUAL
Troubleshooting
8.3.8.3.2. ERROR 542: Collision of the rotating arm
During the panoramic examination the system checks that the rotating
arm is functioning checking that the transition of the zero switch for that
movement occurs at the correct position; if this does not happens, it
indicates a possible collision between the rotating arm and, for instance,
the shoulder of the patient. Reset the machine pressing the appropriate
button, ; the rotating arm will position at the normal status and
the exam can be repeated.

If the system does not reset correctly, the error message E502 will be
displayed, so performs the test already described under error 502.
8.3.8.3.3. ERROR 541 / ERROR 543: panoramic sensor holder not in

Panoramic / Ceph position
These messages are displayed when during an examination the

panoramic sensor holder is accidentally moved from its correct position
(panoramic or cephalometric); in this case, the examination is ended to
avoid unnecessary radiation to the patient.
Press Reset key "9" to cancel the error message; the machine will instruct
the user to perform a standard power up sequence after which it will
restart its functionality.
8.3.8.3.4. ERROR 600: Reset button pressed during movement or exam

preparation
This message is displayed during a motion of the rotating arm or during

the exam preparation; in this case, the button is used as a safety button
to interrupt the motion or to avoid collision between the system and the
patient. Another pressure of the button will instruct the machine to
perform a standard power up sequence and restart the functionality.

SERVICE MANUAL
Troubleshooting
8.3.8.4. X-Y-Rotation time-

time-out motor zeroing
8.3.8.4.1. ERROR 504
During the power on procedure, or after a request of "press Reset"

message, the control system performs a check of the "zero" position; this
check is needed to correctly position the equipment. During this phase,
the control system moves, at the same time, the motors for X, Y and
Rotation and looks to find the transition of zero position switches; this
sensing must occur during a certain time and the control system is
waiting for it. If at least one of the transition is not sensed, a timeout
error is displayed and the system stops.
Possible causes can be from the following:

• zero sensors for a movement not functioning
• a motor is not running
• transmission belt loose or broken.
Power off the machine and on again, observing that all motors move; if
one of the motor is not moving, perform the appropriate service program
already described under the error 500, 501, 502.

SERVICE MANUAL
Troubleshooting
8.3.8.5. Primary Collimator motor (M7)
NOTE:
This program is dedicated to models carrying the slit primary collimator.
Note be sure that if the machine has the slit primary collimator the
password 89 is set to “linear slit” selection to enter the correct primary
collimator setup program.
This program is disabled for PAN ONLY machines that carry the fix
primary collimator.
P R . C O L L . S E T U P
P C C Z E R O [ f f ] a
Z E R O O F S ± e e e e e e
NOTE:
In case of PAN ONLY machine this menu item is disabled: by pressing
key "23" the warning message E602 is displayed.
NOTE:
NOTE:
The component described here below (zero sensor) can be seen on the
• a= B1 light barrier zero sensor status (0=light barrier lit;

1=light barrier darkened)
• eeeeee = number of correction steps of the motor (offset)
• PCC ZERO = indicates the selected motor. In this case the primary
collimator motor.

SERVICE MANUAL
Troubleshooting
WARNING:
In this menu item X-ray are active.
Increases the speed of the motor and the exposure factors

(key "3")
Decreases the speed of the motor and the exposure factors

(key "6")
Shifts the carriage to the left (key "26")

i.e. towards the zero sensor
Shifts the carriage to the right (key "24")

i.e. away from the zero sensor

(key "20")
Change the exposure

parameters since X-rays can be
(5), (4) and (7) emitted during this phase
X-RAY Emit X-rays in order to center the pano diaphragms of the

BUTTON
principal collimator

SERVICE MANUAL
Troubleshooting
WARNING:
The following keys are active but must not be pressed.
Patient exit deactivate the motor to perform a factory offset

calibration of the collimator.
Don’t use this key. The factory calibration could be lost.
Test key moves the primary collimator bringing the ceph slit
in the center of X-ray field (if digital ceph sensor is enabled
test key moves also secondary collimator and sensor).
To exit from the submenu press key "9" .
NOTE:
The slit primary collimator has two positions: Panoramic slit and Ceph
slit, but there is just one zero offset corresponding to the Panoramic
position, while the Panoramic to Ceph offset is considered constant.
The check of which slit is in field is performed through a zero resetting at
machine setting, after each Ceph exam and passing from Ceph to
Panoramic exam.

SERVICE MANUAL
Troubleshooting
8.3.8.5.1. ERROR 580: Zero sensor always darkened /

ERROR 592: Unexpected limit switch activation /
ERROR 595: Motor timeout during slit primary collimator
movement /
ERROR 546: Primary
Pr imary slit collimator limit sensor not found
The Slit Primary Collimator program in password 118 (paragraph 8.3.8.5)

can be used:
• To test if the zero sensor of the slit primary collimator works correctly
checking if the digit "a" changes its status passing from sensor
darkened to lit and viceversa;
• To test if the motor of the slit prymary collimator works using the key
"24" and/or "26" to move it; to perform this test, set speed (ff) equal
to 4 using key "3" and key "6" .
WARNING:
Since there is one zero sensor, perform limited runs (e.i. ±eeeeee =
+080000) when testing the primary collimator with the cover of the
tubehead mounted and always, at first, move it to the left direction.
NOTE:
To access the primary collimator, the plastic cover of the tubehead has to
be removed; to do that, the sensor holder unit has to be removed prior to
remove the cover itself.
ERROR 580 / ERROR 592
These errors can happen either if the zero sensor or its wires are broken
or if the Primary Collimator is blocked inside the zero sensor.
Check the wire from X1 of Primary Collimator zero board (A16) up to
connector X55 of board A8 and from X34 of the same board up to X34 of
the CPU.
If the cables are right in order to check if the zero sensor is working
measure with a DVM setted in "Volt DC" the voltage between pin 2 and
pin 3 of the zero sensor board (A16): the sensor works properly if there
are 0V when the sensor is lit and 4V when it is darkened (to darken the
zero sensor insert a piece of paper or something else inside the zero
sensor fork).
If it is not a cable or a sensor fault check if the Primary Collimator motor
moves.

SERVICE MANUAL
Troubleshooting

motor or to the CPU: in order to check where the problem is connect to
the driver of the Primary Collimator motor the X-axis motor inserting X19
cable on X15 connector of the CPU board.
Try to move the motor inside the PR. COLL. SETUP item and look at the
rotation arm: if it moves along the X-axis the problem is on the motor (or
in its mechanism or in its cable from X15 to X56); if the arm does not
move the problem is in the CPU so replace it.
ERROR 595 / ERROR

ERROR 546
These errors can happen if the motor of primary collimator is not

working. This fault can be caused by a failure of the motor or of the CPU
or of the cables from X15 on CPU side to X56 on the motor side; refer to
instructions explained for ERROR 580/ERROR 592.

SERVICE MANUAL
Troubleshooting
8.3.8.6. Soft Tissue Filter motor (M6)
NOTE:
This program is dedicated to models carrying the slit primary collimator.
Note be sure that if the machine has the slit primary collimator the
password 89 is set to "linear slit" selection to enter the correct Soft Tissue
Filter test program.
This program is disabled for PAN ONLY machines that carry the fix
primary collimator.
NOTE:
This function is used only to test the functionality of the Soft Tissue
Filter, to adjust/check the alignment use the dedicated menu item in
password 124.
WARNING:
In this menu item X-ray are active. Pay attention not to press X-ray
button.
This test is accessed in password 118 by pressing key "26" or key
"24" until the following message is displayed:
T E S T S T F
S T F T E S T a
O F F S E T + e e e
NOTE:
In case of PAN ONLY machine this menu item is disabled: by pressing
key"23" the warning message E602 is displayed.
NOTE:

SERVICE MANUAL
Troubleshooting
NOTE:
The component described herebelow (optoisolator) can be seen on the

• +eee = number of steps of the motor
Shifts the filter out of field in steps (key "24")
Shifts the filter in field in steps (key "26")
A17
A16 B1 B2
Figure 8-2

SERVICE MANUAL
Troubleshooting
8.3.8.6.1. ERROR 520: Motor time out during STF movement /

ERROR stopped
521: STF stop ped at the limit switch /
ERROR 522: Limit switch not found /
ERROR 523 Soft Tissue Filter zero sensor always active
STRATO 2000 Digital contains a motorised Soft Tissue Filter used during
the execution of cephalometric exam; this filter has the function to avoid
the overexposure of the soft part of the patient during a latero-lateral
cephalometric exam.
The normal position of the soft tissue filter is "ON", that is inserted; the
condition is sensed at the power on, when the control system checks the
zero position switch B2 and after that moves the filter out.
The Soft Tissue Filter program in password 118 (paragraph 8.3.8.6) can
be used:
• To test if the zero sensor of the Soft Tissue Filter works checking if
the digit "a" changes its status passing from sensor darkened to lit
and viceversa
• To test if the motor of the Soft Tissue Filter works using the key
"24" and/or "26" .
NOTE:
To access the primary collimator, the plastic cover of the tubehead has to
be removed; to do that, the sensor holder unit has to be removed prior to
remove the cover itself.
ERROR 521 and ERROR 523 mean that the sensor B2 is sensed
darkened when it should be lit.
or if the Soft Tissue Filter is blocked inside the zero sensor.
Check the wire from X1 of Soft Tissue Filter zero board (A17) up to
the CPU.
measure with a DVM setted in “Volt DC” the voltage between pin 2 and
sensor fork).
Check if the Soft Tissue motor moves and its wires are right as explained
for ERROR 520/ERROR 522 errors.
If it is not a cable or a sensor fault neither a motor problem the CPU may
be broken. So replace it.

SERVICE MANUAL
Troubleshooting

• Check that the motor is running
• Check that the gear is engaged and there is no mechanical obstacle to
prevent the movement
If the motor doesn’t run check the motor cable from X59, near the motor
to X16 on the CPU.
If the motor cable is right the motor can be broken or the CPU can be
broken.

SERVICE MANUAL
Troubleshooting
8.3.8.7. Column motor (Column test)
T E S T C O L U M N
Press key "23" . The following will be displayed:
C O L U M N T E S T a b
NOTE:
NOTE:
• a = S27 microswitch status (0= contact open; 1=contact closed)

• b = S26 microswitch status (0= contact open; 1=contact closed)
Raises the column (key "27")
Lowers the column (key "29")
Enables the shift of the column (press together with one of the
two previous keys (key "28")
Quits the motor function and returns to the "Service Menu"

display (key "9")

SERVICE MANUAL
Troubleshooting
S27
S3
S2
S26
Figure 8-3

SERVICE MANUAL
Troubleshooting
NOTE:
To quit Password 118 press key "9" . The following message will
be displayed:
Press key "23" to quit the password or press key "9" to
remain in password 118.

SERVICE MANUAL
Troubleshooting
8.3.9. Password 124
NOTE:
This program can be accessed only in models carrying the slit primary
collimator; trying to enter this program on a fixed collimator Pan only
unit, after the machine setting, the message ERROR 602 will be
displayed.
This password allows to enable/disable and optimise the DIGITAL

Cephalometric examination mode. It allows to perform:
• positioning of the rotation axis
• positioning of the secondary collimator
• positioning of the DIGITAL ceph sensor
• a short exam to center the ear rings of the ceph head support
• offset adjustment of the Soft Tissue Filter (STF)
• adjustment of the % of the Soft Tissue Filter (STF) in-field depth.
WARNING:
DO NOT MODIFY THE FOLLOWING ITEMS OF PASSWORD 124:
• DIGITAL CEPH X OFFSET
• DIGITAL CEPH Y OFFSET
• DIGITAL CEPH SENSOR SPEED 2x2
• DIGITAL CEPH SESNRO SPEED 3x3
FUNCTIONALITY CAN BE SEVERELY IMPAIRED.
Whenever any data has been modified, exiting from each single function
(by pressing the key "9" ) the display will show the following
message:
Press key "23" to store the modifications introduced, or press
key "9" to cancel the changes; the function related axis will return
to the previous position and the display will show:
R E S T O R I N G

SERVICE MANUAL
Troubleshooting
Optimisation of the DIGITAL Cephalometric examination consists of the

proper positioning of the tubehead arm with respect to the CEPH arm
and of the secondary collimator and CEPH sensor, by acting on the
different motors associated to the positioning of the tubehead arm and of
the CEPH arm.
Accessing password 124, the following message appears on the display:
W A I T F O R
When the unit stops moving the following message will be displayed:
Press key "23" to enter this menu item and the following message will be
displayed:
D I G I T A L C E P H x x x
NOTE:
xxx = Corresponds to the possibility of activating=ON or

deactivating=OFF the DIGITAL Cephalometric examination.
Press key "26" or key "24" to move from one option to the
other.

SERVICE MANUAL
Troubleshooting
If OFF is set (DIGITAL CEPH device not present or not activated) and
confirmed with key "9" the following message will be displayed:
Press key "23" to permanently store the changes or press
key "9" not to store them.
Setting xxx=OFF all the others password 124 menu items are disabled.
If ON is set (DIGITAL CEPH device present and activated) and confirmed
with key "9" the following message will be displayed:
After this selection the following message is displayed:
If xxx=ON all the password 124 menu items are enabled and they can be
scrolled using the key "26" or key "24" .
To access a function of this password press key "23" . Then
proceed with following paragraphs.
Press instead key "9" to quit Password 124. The following message
will be displayed:

SERVICE MANUAL
Troubleshooting
Press key "23" to quit the password or key "9" to remain in
password 124.
NOTE:
previous data.

SERVICE MANUAL
Troubleshooting
8.3.9.1. Rotation axis position
This function is accessed in by activating password 124 as described at

paragraph 8.3.9. When next display is shown:
Press key "24" until reaching the following display:
Press key "23" . The following message will be displayed
while the slit primary collimator moves to the DIGITAL CEPH central
position.
Then the following message will be displayed:
NOTE:
WARNING:
In this menu item X-ray are active. Pay attention not to press X-ray
button.
NOTE:
The components here after indicated (microswitches) can be identified on
the block diagram of paragraph 3.5 and in Figure 8-1.

SERVICE MANUAL
Troubleshooting
• a= S16 microswitch status (N.O.: 0= contact open; 1=contact

closed)
1=contact closed)
1=contact closed)
• d= S13 microswitch status (N.O.: 0= contact open; 1=contact
closed)
• ff = speed of motor shift.

(key "3")

(key "6")
Rotates the carriage anti-clockwise (key "26")
Rotates the carriage clockwise (key "24")

(key "20")
Prepare the system to take the Rotation Arm aligment test in

Ceph mode (key "8")
Quits the setup program, does not save the changes made
Change the exposure

X-RAY Emit X-rays in order to take the Rotation Arm aligment test in
BUTTON Ceph mode (key "30")

SERVICE MANUAL
Troubleshooting
If any change has been introduced, after pressing key "9" the
display shows:
key "9" not to store them. The system will exit from this routine
in both cases and the display returns to:

SERVICE MANUAL
Troubleshooting
8.3.9.2. Secondary Collimator motor (M8)
This test is accessed in by activating password 124 as described at

NOTE:
NOTE:

• b= not used (by default 0)
• c= not used (by default 0)
• d= not used (by default 0)
• eeeee = number of correction steps of the motor (offset)
• S ZERO = indicates the selected motor. In this case the primary
collimator motor.
WARNING:

SERVICE MANUAL
Troubleshooting

(key "3")

(key "6")
Looking at the keyboard, shifts the carriage to the left

(key "26")
Looking at the keyboard, shifts the carriage to the right
(key "24")

(key "20")
Moves the slit primary collimator, the secondary collimator

and the ceph sensor to the ceph central position (key "8")
Prepare the system to take the secondary collimator test

(key "10")
Change the exposure

X-RAY
BUTTON Emit X-rays in order to center the secondary collimator axis
display shows:

SERVICE MANUAL
Troubleshooting
B4 A19
Figure 8-4

SERVICE MANUAL
Troubleshooting
8.3.9.2.1. ERROR 581 The zero sensor of ceph secondary collimator is

always active / ERROR 591 unexpected limit switch activation
CEPH secondary collimator motor / ERROR 594 CEPH secondary
collimator Motor timeout / ERROR 545 CEPH secondary
collimator
collimator Limit sensor not found
The CEPH S. COL. ZERO program in password 124 can be used:

• To test if the zero sensor of the secondary collimator works correctly
checking if the digit "a" changes its status passing from sensor
darkened to lit and viceversa;
• To test if the motor of the secondary collimator works using the key
"24" and/or "26" to move it; to perform the test, set speed (ff) equal to
30 using key "3" and key "6" .
or if the Secondary Collimator is blocked inside the zero sensor.
Check the wire from X1 of Secondary Collimator zero board (A19) up to
the CPU.
measure with a DVM setted in "Volt DC" the voltage between pin 2 and
sensor fork).
If it is not a cable or a sensor fault check if the Secondary Collimator
motor moves.
the driver of the Secondary Collimator motor the CEPH sensor motor
inserting X18 cable on X53 connector of the CPU board.
Try to move the motor inside the DIGITAL CEPH S. COL. ZERO item and
look at the ceph sensor: if it moves the problem is on the motor of the
secondary collimator (or in its mechanism or in its cable from X4 of A9
board to X53 of CPU board); else the problem is in the CPU so replace it.

SERVICE MANUAL
Troubleshooting
These errors can happen if the motor of secondary collimator is not

working. This fault can be caused by a failure of the motor or of the CPU
or of the cables from X53 on CPU side to X1 on A9 board to X4 on the
motor side; refer to instructions explained for ERROR 581/ERROR 591.

SERVICE MANUAL
Troubleshooting
8.3.9.3. CEPH sensor motor (M9)

NOTE:
NOTE:

• b= not used (by default 0)
• c= not used (by default 0)
• d= not used (by default 0)
• eeeee = number of correction steps of the motor (offset)
• S ZERO = indicates the selected motor. In this case the primary
collimator motor.
WARNING:

SERVICE MANUAL
Troubleshooting

(key "3")

(key "6")
Looking at the keyboard, shifts the carriage to the left

(key "26")
Looking at the keyboard, shifts the carriage to the right

(key "24")

(key "20")
Moves the slit primary collimator, the secondary collimator

and the ceph sensor to the ceph central position (key "8")
Change the exposure

X-RAY
BUTTON
Emit X-rays in order to center the sensor axis

SERVICE MANUAL
Troubleshooting
display shows:
A18
B3
Figure 8-5

SERVICE MANUAL
Troubleshooting
8.3.9.3.1. ERROR 582 The zero sensor of ceph sensor is always active /
ERROR 590 Unexpected limit switch activation CEPH sensor
motor / ERROR 593 CEPH sensor zeroing timeout / ERROR 544
CEPH sensor motor limit sensor not found
The CEPH SENSOR ZERO program in password 124 (paragraph 8.3.9.3)

can be used:
• To test if the zero sensor of the CEPH sensor works correctly checking
if the digit "a" changes its status passing from sensor darkened to lit
and viceversa;
• To test if the motor of the CEPH sensor works using the key "24"
and/or "26" to move it; to perform the test 2, set speed (ff) equal to 30
using key "3" and key "6" .
or if the CEPH sensor is blocked inside the zero sensor.
Check the wire from X1 of CEPH sensor zero board (A18) up to connector
X5 of board A9 and from X2 of the same board up to X63 of the CPU.
measure with a DVM setted in “Volt DC” the voltage between pin 2 and
sensor fork).
If it is not a cable or a sensor fault check if the CEPH sensor motor
moves.
the driver of the CEPH sensor motor the Secondary Collimator motor
inserting X53 cable on X18 connector of the CPU board.
Try to move the motor inside the DIGITAL CEPH SENSOR ZERO item and
look at the secondary collimator: if it moves the problem is on the motor
of the CEPH sensor (or in its mechanism or in its cable from X6 of A9
board to X18 of CPU board); else the problem is in the CPU so replace it.
These errors can happen if the motor of the CEPH sensor is not working.
This fault can be caused by a failure of the motor or of the CPU or of the
cables from X18 on CPU side to X1 on A9 board to X6 on the motor side;
refer to instructions explained for ERROR 582/ERROR 590.

SERVICE MANUAL
Troubleshooting
8.3.9.4. Lining-
Lining-up test

This menu item is used to center the ear rings of the CEPH head
positioning device and its functionality is described in paragraph 7.1.3.2.
No data is saved in this menu item.
WARNING:
Increases the exposure factors (key "3")
Decreases the exposure factors (key "6")

(key "20")
Prepare the system to execute the short exam dedicated to ear

rings centering (key "8")
Quits the function (key "9")
Change the exposure

X-RAY Starts the short exam dedicated to ear rings centering

BUTTON ("key 30")

SERVICE MANUAL
Troubleshooting
8.3.9.5. Soft Tissue Filter (STF) offset

S T F Z E R O O F F S E T
O F F S E T + e e e
NOTE:
NOTE:
The component here after indicated (optoisolator) can be identified on the
block diagram of paragraph 3.5 and in Figure 8-2.

• eee = number of correction steps of the motor with signum (offset)
NOTE:
The procedure to set the correct value of the Soft Tissue Filter offset is
described on paragraph 7.1.3.5. Please refer to that if adjstment is
needed.

SERVICE MANUAL
Troubleshooting
Increases the exposure factors (key "3")
Decreases the exposure factors (key "6")
Shifts the filter in field in steps (key "26")
Shifts the filter out of field in steps (key "24")
Test button prepare the system to execute the exam dedicated

to set the Soft Tissue Filter offset (key "8")
Change the exposure

Starts the exam dedicated to set the Soft Tissue Filter offset
X-RAY
BUTTON (key "30").
WARNING: Emits X-rays
display shows:
key "9" not to store them. The system will exit from this routine.

SERVICE MANUAL
Troubleshooting
8.3.9.6. Soft Tissue Filter (STF) % of correction
This data is used to increase/decrease the functionality of the Soft Tissue

Filter. A value of 100% means no action on the set value for STF, while a
value higher than 100% will reduce the insertion of STF so reducing the
area interested by the filter. Otherwise a lower than 100% will introduce
more the filter.

S T F % C O R R E C T I O N
V A L U E = a a a %
NOTE:
aaa= percentage of correction of in-field depth of Soft Tissue Filter

(dafault value = 100%)

SERVICE MANUAL
Troubleshooting
Increases percentage of correction (key "3")
Decreases percentage of correction (key "6")
and returns previous display (key "9")
display shows:

SERVICE MANUAL
Troubleshooting
8.3.10. Password 130
This password enables the operator to change the language in which the
messages are displayed during normal working use. The Technical
Services messages are always in English.
To change this setting press key "24" or key "26" .
The languages that may be selected are: ENGLISH, ITALIANO,

FRANCAIS, DEUTSCH, ESPANOL.
A typical message displayed is:
S E L E C T L A N G U A G E
I T A L I A N O
The active keys in this password are the following:
Sets the desired language for the display of the

operational messages (key "24" or "26")
o
Quits the function (key "9")
Press key "9" to quit Password 130. If no changes have been
made, the system will quit the password mode, otherwise the following
Press key "23" to permanently store the changes made or press
key "9" not to store them (maintain previous language).
The system will quit password 130 in both cases.

SERVICE MANUAL
Troubleshooting
8.3.11. Password 143
With this password, the operator can keep a centralised control of the
readings and resetting of the counters for the various examinations and
of the overall exposure of the system.
The following message is displayed upon access to this function:
P A N C O U N T E R
V A L U E = n n n
NOTE:
• PAN = indicates the type of examination to which the counter

refers
• nnn = indicates the current number of exposures made for the
type of examination indicated in the first line.
The active keys for this password are the following:
Selects the counter relative to the previous examination

(key "26")
Selects the counter relative to the next examination (key "24")
Resets the selected counter (excluding the overall time of

activation of the tubehead. This parameter cannot be reset)
Quits the counter function, quits the password, does not save
the changes made and returns to the "Service Menu" display
(key "9")

SERVICE MANUAL
Troubleshooting
The reading of the overall exposure time of the system is indicated on the
display as follows:
R X T U B E U S A G E
h h : m m : s s
where:
• hh = hours of use
• mm = minutes of use
• ss= seconds of use.
After each reset request (key "10" ) the following message will be
displayed:
Press key "23" to permanently change the settings made or press
Press key "9" to quit Password 143. The following message will
be displayed:
Press key "23" to quit the password or press key "9" to
remain in password 143 mode.

SERVICE MANUAL
Troubleshooting
8.4. Memory errors

The group of error messages with code range E570 to E574 is related to
errors occurring on the Flash Eprom; this memory stores both program
and data. Of these group of error messages, only the first one (E570) can
be reset, while all others are related to a severe error on the chip, so they
require to replace of the Smart Card CPU or at least of the Flash Eprom
chips. The memory chips have to be replaced with programmed ones.
NOTE:
In all cases, when the original flash Eproms of the system have failed, the
data stored in the memory are lost or replaced with default values, so a
complete calibration of the machine has to be performed.
8.4.1. ERROR 570: Checksum error on flash eprom
This error message is dispalyed if the control system, at power up,

verifies that the memory contains no valid data; the system can try to
correct the error related to the memory section used to store current
functional data; in this case the message "Press Reset button" to restore
data will be visualised. At the button pressure, the default values for data
will be stored in the memory, so a complete calibration of the machine
will be needed. The calibration has to be performed using service
programs.
If after the storing of the new values the error message persists, it means
that a severe error occurred on the chips, so replace the Memory chips or
the Smart Card complete.
8.4.2. ERROR 571-

571-572-
572-573-
573-574-
574-575
All these errors suggest an anomaly in the CPU or in the Flash Eprom:
replace the CPU board.

SERVICE MANUAL
Troubleshooting
8.5. Generic errors
8.5.1. ERROR 503
This error is shown when the jumpers of connector X30 on the CPU
board are not well connected. Check and, if necessary, replace the
jumper.
8.5.2. ERROR 506 / 515
These errors are shown when, in password 92, is set "STANDARD CPU".
Refer to paragraph 8.3.3 to set the correct parameter.
8.5.3. ERROR 507
This error is shown when, in password 90, is set "DIGITAL MODE OFF".
Refer to paragraph 8.3.2 to set the correct parameter.

SERVICE MANUAL
Troubleshooting
8.5.4. ERROR 601
This error is shown when the firmware of the STRATO 2000 Digital does
not sense the presence of the U.I.C.; the U.I.C. is an hardware
components, mounted on the CPU card A11 (Smart CPU) on
connector/jumper X6. This components holds a unique code that is read,
with its check byte, from the control system at the start-up; if the check
byte is incorrect, the system displays the above error number.
In case this error is displayed, a pressure of the key "23" allows
the system to continue its functioning, but only standard base

examination will be possible.
Verify that the U.I.C. component is well inserted.
Verify that the U.I.C. is correctly inserted on the connector X6: the
component shows a flat side on the upper part; the U.I.C. must be
inserted having this flat side on the inner part of the CPU board. The
reset of the situation is performed switching off and on the system.
In case there is a fault on the U.I.C. components itself, the U.I.C. must be
replaced. In this case, all the optional features must be re-enabled
with proper codes linked to the new U.I.C. Before requesting a new
U.I.C. device, the S/N of the equipment and/or the U.I.C. itself must be
recorded and reported to Villa Sistemi Medicali.
8.5.5. ERROR 602
This error is shown when the sub-menu item selected is not available.
Press key "9" to reset the error message.
8.5.6. ERROR 9xx
These errors are displayed when there are no compatibility between the
Digital Sensor firmware and the Imaging Management program running
on the PC.

SERVICE MANUAL
Troubleshooting
8.6. Search and correction of possible defects in dental

radiographies
8.6.1. Defects due to incorrect position of the patient
Problem Description Solution

Incisors too large and The patient is not positioned Position the patient correctly, and
blurred. correctly. He is too far back verify that he is holding the bite with
from the optimal focal plane. his incisors on the fit notch and that
the bite holder rod is vertical.
Incisors too small and The patient is not positioned Position the patient correctly, and
blurred. correctly. He is too far verify that he is holding the bite with
forward of the optimal focal his incisors on the fit notch and that
plane. the bite holder rod is vertical.
Radiography with The patient's spine inhibits Check the alignment of the
blank central area. the passage of the X-rays Frankfurt plane. Try to stretch out
because it is too the cervical tract of the spine
compressed. correcting the height of the cursor
and moving the patient's feet
forward (see 6.4.3.3/4/6/7 of the
User Manual).
Dental arch not The median sagittal line Realign the patient (see 6.4.3.6 of
symmetrical. does not correspond to the the User Manual).
laser centering beam.
Upper apical area too The patient does not keep See paragraph 6.4.3.8 of the User
dark. his lips closed and his Manual.
tongue is not against the
palate.
Upper central apical The patient's head is turned Position the patient correcting the
area out of focus. backwards (Frankfurt plane Frankfurt plane.
not aligned).
The image is slanted The patient's head is slanted Position the patient correcting the
with respect to the (not vertical). sagittal plane.
longitudinal axis of the
image frame and some
of the anatomical
structures are not
symmetrical.
The teeth are bigger on The patient's head is turned Position the patient correcting the
one side than the with respect to the axis of sagittal plane and checking that the
other. the bite. test is not turned.
White area on the Panoramic chin-rest Repeat the examination removing
lower part of the image mounted. the PAN chin-rest.
(only in CEPH
examination).

SERVICE MANUAL
Troubleshooting
8.6.2. Defects due to incorrect radiological data input
Problem Description Solution

Under or overexposed The set kV values are not Try to modify the image with the
image. suitable for the size of the image acquisition software tools or
patient. repeat the examination changing the
kV and/or mA values. Set higher
values if the image is too light or
lower values if the image is too dark.
If the problem persists call Technical
Assistance
Completely black No X-ray emission Check the if the acoustic and led
image. signal (led "2") indicating the X-ray
emission are active. If the problem
persists call Technical Assistance
Soft Tissues not or The STF value is not correct. Refer to paragraph 6.8.3 of the
poorly visible in L-L User's Manual to adjust the position
projection. of the "STF". If the value is correct
but the effect on the image is poor
retake the exposure setting a lower
value for the STF.
A symmetric cassette size Select an asymmetrical cassette size
was selected. (which will enable the STF filter).

SERVICE MANUAL
Troubleshooting
8.6.3. Defects due to the unit
1. The Panoramic or Cephalometric image results in a light one also if

the exposure parameters are correctly selected for the patient size
may mean a not corrected alignment between X-ray beam and a
sensor (PAN or CEPH) or a partial or total lack of X-ray; call the
Technical assistance to solve the problem.
2. For Cephalometric examinations in latero lateral projections if soft

tissue structure are poorly visible an adjusting of the STF setting
may be requested to the Technical assistance. An alternative solution
can be setting a lower STF value than that read on the nasion ruler;
in this way the filter give an higher attenuation in the soft tissue
area.

SERVICE MANUAL
Troubleshooting
8.7. Analysis of the problems on the panoramic

examinations
This chapter is aimed at giving a more detailed and in depth description
of defects affecting panoramic images; basically this chapter deals with
the same type of problems described in paragraph 8.6 adding a more
detailed explanation of the cause and corrective actions to take.
The panoramic radiography is the examination of the maxillo-facial

region normally used to view the dental region inside the complete head
and sinuses-orbital complex. A good panoramic examination allows
distinguishing the main anatomical structures that are shown in the next
drawing:
Figure 8-6
Ref. Anatomic structure

1 Hard palat plane
2 Maxillary sinus
3 Mandible
4 Temporo mandibular condyle
5 Ascending ramus of the TMJ
6 Coronoid process
7 Mandibular canal
8 Foramen
9 Nasal anterior spine
10 Nose
11 Ioid bone (normally duplicated)

SERVICE MANUAL
Troubleshooting
8.7.1. Proper positioning of the patient
The proper positioning of the patient during the panoramic examination

is very important in order to get good quality radiography. This is due to
the fact that the shape of the focussed area, e.g. of the layer clearly
shown on the image, tends to follow the dental arch and has a non-
constant deepness.
The objects outside this focussed area will therefore appear blurred on
the resulting radiography.
1. The patient should not dress clothes that may interfere with the
X-ray beam, also to leave more space between the patient’s shoulders
and the rotating arm of the machine. Care must be taken in order to
avoid interference between the X-ray beam and the protective apron
worn by the patient.
2. Metal objects (neck chain, ear-ring) must be avoided; this objects not
only create radio-opaque images in their own position but also false
images projected in other parts of the radiography, so disturbing the
correct view of the anatomy.
3. The patient’s head must be lightly tilted downward in order to have
the Frankfurt plane horizontal. In this way, the hard palatal ceiling
will be projected slightly over the superior apex of anterior teeth. If
the patient has a low palatal ceiling, slightly increase the tilting
downward.
4. Align the middle sagittal plane with centre of the chin support,
normally indicated by the relevant light beam.
5. Check that the vertical light beam falls on the canine and lays
between the third and fourth teeth. This will insure that the apex of
the anterior teeth are positioned within the focussed area and
therefore will be properly reproduced on the radiography. Normally,
the panoramic equipment has a narrower focussed layer in the front
area, and therefore a proper positioning of the anterior teeth is of the
utmost importance.
Figure 8-7
SERVICE MANUAL
Troubleshooting
6. The patient must extend the spine; this is normally obtained by

asking the patient to step forward, making sure that all other
conditions are unchanged. If not properly extended, the spine will
cause the appearing of a lower exposed area (clearer) in the front part
of the image.
7. The patient’s tongue must be positioned against the palate, otherwise
the air between the tongue and the palate will create a lower
absorbance area which will result on the image as a darker area
which in turn will hide the apex of the superior incisor teeth.
The result of all the above listed actions will be radiography where all the
parts are properly exposed are well identifiable as in the schema of
Figure 8-8.
Figure 8-8
It must be noted that radiography is quite symmetrical, with the

ascending rami of temporo mandibular joints almost parallel. The
occlusal plane is shown slightly tilted upward, the palatal plane does not
overlap the apex of the upper arch and therefore allows a good sight of
the same.

SERVICE MANUAL
Troubleshooting
8.7.2. Error due to a bad patient's positioning
• The image shows the anterior

anterior teeth with reduced
megnification and not well defined. The cervical spine is
shown an evident white shadow.
In addition, on the molar zone there are too much shadows,
disturbing the view.
The resulting image is similar to the schema shown on Figure 8-9.
Figure 8-9
Possible cause:
The patient is positioned too forward, e.g. the centring light beam
falls at the back as shown in the drawing, the anterior teeth will
result unfocussed and reduced.
Remedy:
Check the patient positioning by using the light beams and the
adjustment knob of the canine light beam.
If, after the correct patient’s positioning, the problem still remain,
check the alignment of the centering laser lights, as described on
paragraph 7.1.2.
A fast check can be performed lighting on the beams and verifying its
positioning. The mid sagittal line must lay on the center of chin rest
while the canine one has to lay on the terminal part of the bite block.
A more accurate check can be performed using the rounded service
tool and verifying that the distance between the two lateral metal
parts.

SERVICE MANUAL
Troubleshooting
• Anterior teeth are enlarged and blurred

The Figure 8-10 depicts the resulting image.
Figure 8-10
Possible cause:
In the case the patient is positioned too backward, e.g. the centring
light beam falls at the beginning of the anterior teeth, as shown in
the drawing.
Remedy:
Check the patient positioning by using the light beams and the
adjustment knob of the canine light beam as above described.

SERVICE MANUAL
Troubleshooting
• Part of the image is enlarged while the other one is reduced
The schema described on Figure 8-11 the image obtained; it is

possible to observe that one part of the radiography is blurred and
enlarged, while the other one is reduced and seems to be on focus;
the two condiles are at the same height on the image.
Figure 8-11
Possible cause:
This effect can be due to two different causes.
In the first one, the median-sagittal plane is not
aligned with the relevant centring light beam, which
falls at the centre of the chin support.
In the second case instead, the centre of the median-
sagittal plane matched the centre of the chin support,
but the patient’s head is rotated.
In both cases, one side is closer to the image plane than the other,
thus resulting in a different magnification of the two sides; the part
more distant from the image will be more magnified while the part
closer to the image plane will result smaller. This error in positioning
the patient will result in a radiography as shown in the next drawing:
the right-most area of the image shows a bigger magnification that
can be noticed either on the teeth and on the ascending rami of the
TMJ.
Remedy:
Check the positioning of the median-sagittal plane by using the
relevant centring light beam.
Check also the position of the middle sagittal beam; lighted, it must
fall down on the center of the chin rest and also on the center of the
byte.

SERVICE MANUAL
Troubleshooting
A more accurate check is performed using the special rounded tool

and making a image; the dimensiuons measured on the obtained
image must match those reported on the service manual, with a
±1mm tolerance.
In case these dimensions are not respected, perform a calibration of
the X and Rotation axis; particularly X axis has to be checked if the
mid sagittal beam is off center, while the rotation must be checked if
the two measures (center to right against center to left) are different.
In case of rotation adjustment, the X axis position must be always
cheched; this can be accomplished using the program for Y axis and
measuring the distance between , with the beam lighted, pressing
the Test button to perform a rotation of 180°, looking at the
intersection of the laser beam with the reference line of the flat
template. The intersection point must not drift more than 2 mm,
measure this drift.
If this does not happens, means that the sigittal laser is not aligned
with the rotation center, so it must be adjusted; to perform it, remove
the upper cover of the STRATO 2000 Digital.
Still in the Y axis position, using the and/or , moves
the X axis half of the above measure and on the opposite direction of
the drift; save the new position of the X-axis. At this point, the mid
sagittal laser will not be in the correct position and it must be aligned
using the four screws of the laser support; this operation must be
performed in such a way that all the laser beam falls on the reference
line.

SERVICE MANUAL
Troubleshooting
• The image shows TMJ at different height
This fact is described in Figure 8-12.
Figure 8-12
Possible cause:
The mid sagittal plane is not vertical. This can be a patient’s
problem, but if the defect is always present, check the laser beam.
Remedy:
Verify that the laser beam is vertical; this check can be performed
very quicly using the laser beam and verifying that falls on the center
of the chin support; remove the chin support itself and check that
the beam falls on the center of the holes used to fix the chin itself.
If not, a possible cause can be due to a non perfect horizontally of the
chin arm, that must be adjusted using the relevant screws.

SERVICE MANUAL
Troubleshooting
• The image shows undulated teeth rows
As can be seen on Figure 8-13, the upper teeth are magnified and
unfocussed, with the shadow of the hard palate positioned over the
superior apex. The temporo-mandibular joints are exposed outward,
with lines divergent upward. In some cases, the condile vertex might
not appear on the image.
Figure 8-13
Possible cause:
Patient’s head tilted upward.
A Frankfurt plane too tilted upward produces different anomalies
that may also appear contemporaneously. A chin support plane too
high during the patient positioning or when extending the spine may
generate this mistake. In this condition, the rear side of the patient’s
head may also interfere with rotating arm of the panoramic
equipment.

SERVICE MANUAL
Troubleshooting
• The radiographic image shows the teeth row too curved

upward with the lower incisor non-
non-focussed
Additional defects shown on Figure 8-14, the temporo-mandibular

joints will be positioned too high with lines converging upward. In
some cases the upper condile might not be visible in the image.
Figure 8-14
Possible cause:
Patient’s head tilted downward, as on the aside schema.
Remedy:
Check the positioning of the patient by aligning it with the help of the
corresponding light beam.

SERVICE MANUAL
Troubleshooting
NOTE:
In some cases the positioning of the Frankfurt plane too tilted downward
produces a correct image of the lower incisors, but the projection of the
palate falls on the lower teeth apex, as shown on Figure 8-15.
Figure 8-15
In this case, a light tilting downward of the Frankfurt plane causes the
palate to be projected over and too far from the root of the teeth of the
maxilla arch, without distortion of the incisor teeth, as on Figure 8-16.
Figure 8-16

SERVICE MANUAL
Troubleshooting
8.7.3. Images with artefacts
• Radiographs that show images with soft tissues or artefacts

artefacts
The radiographs may show anatomical parts of the soft tissues or

show radiographic artefacts.
Normally the soft tissues might be more or less present depending on
the patient positioning, while the presence of artefacts is strictly
dependent on the presence of foreign objects on the trajectory of the
X-ray beam.
Next figure shows these cases; please consider that all structures
have a bilateral duplicate.
Figure 8-17
Where different references are described among with the

cause/remedy, if any.
Soft tissue Description Artifacts Description
2 Hear soft tissue 1 Dark shadows due to

the air gap between
tongue and palat
3 Nose soft tissue 4 Spine column
7 Epiglottis 5 Leaded apron too high
The part identified with "6" in Figure 8-17 represents the image of the
controlateral mandible (the other side of the mandible). That
therefore results as a clearer area overlapped to the real image. Very
often the resulting darker area in the bottom corner is noticed and is
considered as an artefact of the radiological image.

SERVICE MANUAL
Troubleshooting
This is not true, because it is derived from the projection

geometry used to obtain the panoramic image. The effect can be
more evident if the image in underexposed due to wrong
radiological parameters.
With reference to the previous Figure 8-17, let’s analyse the cause
and remedy.
• Wrong positioning of the spine
In the case the image shows a too clear and unfocussed area in the
central portion (see point "4" - Figure 8-17), this is probably caused
by the wrong position of the spine that has not been properly
extended by the patient. In this case, the spine absorbs a too big
quantity of radiation that therefore causes the image to be too clear.
This lightness can be noticed especially in the lower part of the
image, while it’s normally less visible on the upper part of the image.
Remedy:
Ask the patient to step forward thus extending the spine, in order to
reduce X-ray absorption.
• Shadows or bright artefacts
The most common cause for the presence of these artefacts is the
presence of metal objects worn by the patient (ear-rings, necklace).
The necklace worn on the neck of the patient can normally result in a
radio-opaque arch positioned in the chin area. This arch normally
overlaps the chin itself and the shadow of the spine, disturbing the
diagnosis of possible problems in the chin area and in the area of the
superior apex.
The ear-rings instead creates real images in the proper position and
shadow images projected in the contro-lateral area, thus hiding
possible problems or generating bright areas within the paranasal
sinuses.
In some cases, that may depend either on the trajectory of the
panoramic machine or on the position of the metal objects, they can
generate up to three images (one real ad two shadows), thus further
disturbing the correct diagnosis.
This situation may occur especially if the patient has large prothesis
or metal cures and if it is associated to a positioning error, that
projects the shadow of the metal part on wide area of the image.

SERVICE MANUAL
Troubleshooting
• Non-
Non-exposed area in the lower-
lower-central part of the image
If the problem appears as shown in point "5" of the previous Figure

8-17, it indicates that there has been interference between the leaded
apron worn by the patient and the X-ray beam.
Remedy:
Properly position the leaded apron (it must be worn well tight to the
shoulder and neck of the patient) then carry out a new examination.
• The teeth rows are overexposed
As already described, if the tongue is not positioned against the

palate during the exposure, it will create an air chamber between the
tongue and the palate; this air gap creates a less absorbing area that
overlaps the teeth, often in the apex area. This area is identified with
reference "1" in Figure 8-17.
Remedy:
Ask the patient to position the tongue against the palate during the
exposure.

SERVICE MANUAL
Schematics and drawings
9. SCHEMATICS AND DRAWINGS

DRAWINGS
1. Functional layout (230V Version)
2. Functional layout (100V Version)
3. Lay-out CPU assy PCB (A1+A11)
4. Lay-out CPU PCB A1
5. Circuit diagram CPU PCB A1
6. Lay-out Microprocessor PCB A11
7. Circuit diagram Microprocessor PCB A11
8. Lay-out HF board A2
9. Circuit diagram HF board A2
10. Lay-out power supply PCB A3 (230V Version)
11. Circuit diagram power supply PCB A3 (230V Version)
12. Lay-out power supply PCB A3 (100V Version)
13. Circuit diagram power supply PCB A3 (100V Version)
14. Lay-out keyboard PCB A4
15. Circuit diagram keyboard PCB A4
16. Lay-out and circuit diagram sensor interconnection PCB A6
17. Lay-out and circuit diagram motor and X-axis interconnection

PCB A7
18. Lay-out and circuit diagram Primary Collimator interconnection

PCB A8
19. Lay-out and circuit diagram Ceph arm interconnection PCB A9
20. Lay-out and circuit diagram Light Barrier PCB A16/A17/A18/A19
21. Switching power supply S-150W-24Vdc-6.5A

SERVICE MANUAL

SERVICE MANUAL
STRATO 2000 Digital

Functional layout 1
(230V Version)
Code 39099112 - Rev. 3 Page 1 of 12

SERVICE MANUAL
STRATO 2000 Digital

Functional layout 1
(230V Version)
Code 39099112 - Rev. 3 Page 2 of 12

SERVICE MANUAL
STRATO 2000 Digital

Functional layout 1
(230V Version)
Code 39099112 - Rev. 3 Page 3 of 12

SERVICE MANUAL
STRATO 2000 Digital

Functional layout 1
(230V Version)
Code 39099112 - Rev. 3 Page 4 of 12

SERVICE MANUAL
STRATO 2000 Digital

Functional layout 1
(230V Version)
Code 39099112 - Rev. 3 Page 5 of 12

SERVICE MANUAL
STRATO 2000 Digital

Functional layout 1
(230V Version)
Code 39099112 - Rev. 3 Page 6 of 12

SERVICE MANUAL
STRATO 2000 Digital

Functional layout 1
(230V Version)
Code 39099112 - Rev. 3 Page 7 of 12

SERVICE MANUAL
STRATO 2000 Digital

Functional layout 1
(230V Version)
Code 39099112 - Rev. 3 Page 8 of 12

SERVICE MANUAL
STRATO 2000 Digital

Functional layout 1
(230V Version)
Code 39099112 - Rev. 3 Page 9 of 12

SERVICE MANUAL
STRATO 2000 Digital

Functional layout 1
(230V Version)
Code 39099112 - Rev. 3 Page 10 of 12

SERVICE MANUAL
STRATO 2000 Digital

Functional layout 1
(230V Version)
Code 39099112 - Rev. 3 Page 11 of 12

SERVICE MANUAL
STRATO 2000 Digital

Functional layout 1
(230V Version)
Code 39099112 - Rev. 3 Page 12 of 12

SERVICE MANUAL
STRATO 2000 Digital

Functional layout 2
(100V Version)
Code 39099110 - Rev. 2 Page 1 of 12

SERVICE MANUAL
STRATO 2000 Digital

Functional layout 2
(100V Version)
Code 39099110 - Rev. 2 Page 2 of 12

SERVICE MANUAL
STRATO 2000 Digital

Functional layout 2
(100V Version)
Code 39099110 - Rev. 2 Page 3 of 12

SERVICE MANUAL
STRATO 2000 Digital

Functional layout 2
(100V Version)
Code 39099110 - Rev. 2 Page 4 of 12

SERVICE MANUAL
STRATO 2000 Digital

Functional layout 2
(100V Version)
Code 39099110 - Rev. 2 Page 5 of 12

SERVICE MANUAL
STRATO 2000 Digital

Functional layout 2
(100V Version)
Code 39099110 - Rev. 2 Page 6 of 12

SERVICE MANUAL
STRATO 2000 Digital

Functional layout 2
(100V Version)
Code 39099110 - Rev. 2 Page 7 of 12

SERVICE MANUAL
STRATO 2000 Digital

Functional layout 2
(100V Version)
Code 39099110 - Rev. 2 Page 8 of 12

SERVICE MANUAL
STRATO 2000 Digital

Functional layout 2
(100V Version)
Code 39099110 - Rev. 2 Page 9 of 12

SERVICE MANUAL
STRATO 2000 Digital

Functional layout 2
(100V Version)
Code 39099110 - Rev. 2 Page 10 of 12

SERVICE MANUAL
STRATO 2000 Digital

Functional layout 2
(100V Version)
Code 39099110 - Rev. 2 Page 11 of 12

SERVICE MANUAL
STRATO 2000 Digital

Functional layout 2
(100V Version)
Code 39099110 - Rev. 2 Page 12 of 12

SERVICE MANUAL
STRATO 2000 Digital

Lay-out CPU assy PCB 3
(A1+A11)
Code 58093237 - Rev. 0 Page 1 of 1

SERVICE MANUAL
STRATO 2000 Digital

Lay-out CPU 4
PCB A1
Code 58093235 - Rev. 2 Page 1 of 1

SERVICE MANUAL
STRATO 2000 Digital

Circuit diagram CPU 5
PCB A1
Code 39099118 - Rev. 2 Page 1 of 10

SERVICE MANUAL
STRATO 2000 Digital

PCB A1
Code 39099118 - Rev. 2 Page 2 of 10

SERVICE MANUAL
STRATO 2000 Digital

PCB A1
Code 39099118 - Rev. 2 Page 3 of 10

SERVICE MANUAL
STRATO 2000 Digital

PCB A1
Code 39099118 - Rev. 2 Page 4 of 10

SERVICE MANUAL
STRATO 2000 Digital

PCB A1
Code 39099118 - Rev. 2 Page 5 of 10

SERVICE MANUAL
STRATO 2000 Digital

PCB A1
Code 39099118 - Rev. 2 Page 6 of 10

SERVICE MANUAL
STRATO 2000 Digital

Circuit diagram 5
CPU PCB A1
Code 39099118 - Rev. 2 Page 7 of 10

SERVICE MANUAL
STRATO 2000 Digital

PCB A1
Code 39099118 - Rev. 2 Page 8 of 10

SERVICE MANUAL
STRATO 2000 Digital

PCB A1
Code 39099118 - Rev. 2 Page 9 of 10

SERVICE MANUAL
STRATO 2000 Digital

PCB A1
Code 39099118 - Rev. 2 Page 10 of 10

SERVICE MANUAL
STRATO 2000 Digital

Lay-out microprocessor 6
PCB A11
Code 58093212 - Rev. 5 Page 1 of 1

SERVICE MANUAL
STRATO 2000 Digital

Circuit diagram 7
microprocessor PCB A11
Code 39099084 - Rev. 1 Page 1 of 2

SERVICE MANUAL
STRATO 2000 Digital

Circuit diagram 7
microprocessor PCB A11
Code 39099084 - Rev. 1 Page 2 of 2

SERVICE MANUAL
STRATO 2000 Digital

Lay-out 8
HF board A2
Code 58094016 - Rev. 9 Page 1 of 1

SERVICE MANUAL
22-¢W
22-¢W
12V-¢W
12V-¢W
12V-¢W
12V-¢W
100-¢W
100-¢W
100-¢W
100-¢W
¢W
¢W
1K - ¢W
¢W
¢W
¢W
8,2V-¢W
12V-¢W
STRATO 2000 Digital

Circuit diagram HF 9
board A2
Code 39099050 - Rev. 9 Page 1 of 1

SERVICE MANUAL
STRATO 2000 Digital

Lay-out Power Supply 10
PCB A3 (230V Version)
Code 58091115 - Rev. 0 Page 1 of 1

SERVICE MANUAL
STRATO 2000 Digital

Circuit diagram 11
Code 39099101 - Rev. 0 Page 1 of 1

SERVICE MANUAL
STRATO 2000 Digital

Lay-out Power Supply 12
Code 58091117 - Rev. 0 Page 1 of 1

SERVICE MANUAL
STRATO 2000 Digital

Circuit diagram 13
Code 39099103 - Rev. 0 Page 1 of 1

SERVICE MANUAL
STRATO 2000 Digital

Lay-out 14
Keyboard PCB A4
Code 58093121 - Rev. 1 Page 1 of 1

SERVICE MANUAL
STRATO 2000 Digital

Circuit diagram 15
Keyboard PCB A4
Code 39099062 - Rev. 1 Page 1 of 1

SERVICE MANUAL
STRATO 2000 Digital

Lay-out and circuit 16
diagram PCB A6
Code 58094162 - Rev. 1 Page 1 of 1

SERVICE MANUAL
STRATO 2000 Digital

diagram PCB A7
Code 58093074 - Rev. 0 Page 1 of 1

SERVICE MANUAL
STRATO 2000 Digital

diagram PCB A8
Code 58096073 - Rev. 1 Page 1 of 1

SERVICE MANUAL
STRATO 2000 Digital

diagram PCB A9
Code 58098150 - Rev. 0 Page 1 of 1

SERVICE MANUAL
STRATO 2000 Digital

Lay-out and circuit diagram 20
PCBs A16/A17/A18/A19
Code 58096162 - Rev. 0 Page 1 of 1

SERVICE MANUAL
STRATO 2000 Digital

Switching power supply 21
S-150W-24Vdc-6.5A
Code 44928177 - Rev. 0 Page 1 of 1

SERVICE MANUAL
Spare parts
10. SPARE PARTS
1 - COLUMN AND BASE
2 - UPPER MOVEMENT ASSY

Electrical and mechanical parts
Cables
3 - CHIN REST ARM / SENSOR HOLDER
4 - COVERS
5 - ROTATION ARM
6 - CEPH DEVICE
7 - ACCESSORIES AND SERVICE TOOLS

SERVICE MANUAL
Spare parts
1 - COLUMN AND BASE
Rif. Order code Description Note
1 4208404000 Column and travel microswitch

(S2/S3)
2 6609101800 Column actuator M1
3 4291418400 Mains switch
4 4492817700 +24V switch mode power supply
5 6609107600 Fuses kit (230V version)
6609107700 Fuses kit (100V version)
6 5809111500 Power supply board A3 (230V ver.)
5809111700 Power supply board A3 (100V ver.)
7 4492818200 Transformer (230V version)
4492822100 Transformer (100V version)
8 8027001021 Line filter
9 6209317100 Cable X22 (console connection)
10 6209103600 Cable X47/X60 (X-ray push

button cable)
11 6209114000 General supply cable
12 6209109900 Ground cable #1
13 6209103200 Cable X5/X29 (filter box

connection)
14 6209103500 Cable X3/X6 (CPU board

connection cable)
15 6209105100 Cable X28/X51
16 6209105200 Column end-travel microswitch

cable
17 6609112300 X-ray push button
18 5009318300 USB2 cable
- 4492706700 HUB USB2

SERVICE MANUAL
Spare parts
10
9
1
17
16
11
12
18 15
14
13

SERVICE MANUAL
Spare parts
2 - UPPER MOVEMENT ASSY
Electrical and mechanical parts
Ref.
Ref. Order code Description Note
1 6609101800 Column actuator
2 6609321900 M4 Y-Axis stepper motor assy
3 6609314500 M5 X-Axis stepper motor assy
4 6609314500 M3 rotation stepper motor assy
5 4990805200 Carriage belt
6 6609323700 CPU PCB A1 assy
7 6109311000 Y-Axis microswitches assy
8 6109305000 X-Axis microswitches assy
9 6209314300 RO Axis microswitches assy
10 4291308500 Microswitch
11 5809307400 Interconnection PCB RO-Y
12 4492706700 HUB USB2

SERVICE MANUAL
Spare parts
5
9
3
8
11
7 5
10
12

SERVICE MANUAL
Spare parts
Cables
1 6209320700 Cable X19-X20/X39 (rotation and

X axis motor supply)
2 6209416400 Cable X61/X40 (sensor PCB input

signals)
3 6209310400 Cable X5/X12 (HF board signals)
4 6209103200 Cable X5/X29 (filter box

connection)
5 6209305400 Cable X29 (filter box)
6209318300 HUB power connection cable
6 6209416300 Cable X60/X46 (+24V sensor

supply)
7 6209415700 RS232 cable
8 6209306300 Cable X9/X4 (kV/mA signals)
9 6209305200 Cable X26-X27/X35-X57-X58

(laser spot connections)
10 6209301400 Cable X50 (X axis microswitches

connection)
11 6209305300 Cable X33 (Y axis microswitches

connection)
12 6209304700 Cable X32 (rotation microswitches

connection)
13 6209402400 Cable X31 (panoramic sensor

holder position microswitches
connection)
14 6209416500 Cable J1-J2/J13-J14 (PANCEPH

digital sensor connection)
15 5009318300 HUB USB2 cable
16 6209321000 HUB – Sensor connection cable

SERVICE MANUAL
Spare parts
14
8
7
2
9
4 10
11
5
12
13
16 15

SERVICE MANUAL
Spare parts
3 - CHIN REST ARM / SENSOR HOLDER
1 5909513100 Temple support rod
2 5409513200 Skull clamp plastic cup (1 pc.)
3 6609515006 Skull clamp assy
4 6309514906 Skull clamp cover
5 5209502000 Handle for patient (1 pc.)
6 6609507000 Keyboard assy
7 5409506100 Keyboard panel
8 6609312100 Keyboard PCB (A4)
9 6209317200 Cable X1/X22 (console

connection)
10 5409505106 Console bottom box
11 5809416200 Sensor interconnection PCB
12 6609904000 PAN Acquisition PCB + CCD

sensor

SERVICE MANUAL
Spare parts
1
2
9 2
3
5
7 5
8
6
10
11
12

SERVICE MANUAL
Spare parts
4 - COVERS
1 5409300705 Upper cover
2 5409400505 Tubehead back cover
3 5409400405 Arm cover
4 6609200900 Right door assy
5 6609200800 Left door assy
6 5409200700 Tray for consumable
7 6109201505 Column cover assy
8 5409100505 Base cover
9 6109406205 Sensor cover
10 5609105503 Protection cover for rear cable
11 5409814500 Ceph device upper cover
12 5409814900 Ceph arm cover
13 5409815100 Ceph sensor holder front cover
14 5409814600 Ceph sensor holder rear cover
15 5409815000 Secondary collimator cover
- 6609839400 Covers rubber profile

(Length=8mt)

SERVICE MANUAL
Spare parts
10
9
2
4
5
6
11
12
14 15
13

SERVICE MANUAL
Spare parts
5 - ROTATION ARM
1 6609600000 HF Tubehead
2 6609401600 HF PCBoard (A2)
3 6609603200 Tubehead cable
4 6209409000 Filter box
5 6609311200 Sagittal laser centering device
6 6609608700 Frankfurt laser centering device
7 4208422900 Microswitch S24 (sensor holder in

PAN position) S25 (sensor holder
in CEPH position)
8 5809607300 Primary collimator connection

PCBoard A8
9 6209617100 Light barrier board connection

cable
10 6209617200 Soft Tissue Filter motor M6
11 6209616900 Primary collimator motor M7
12 5809616200 Light barrier PCBoard A16/A17

SERVICE MANUAL
Spare parts
7 4
2 5
3
11
10
12 12

SERVICE MANUAL
Spare parts
6 – CEPH DEVICE
1 5809616200 Light barrier PCBoard A18/A19
2 5209811800 Motor joint
3 6209815600 Secondary collimator motor M8
4 5809815000 Interconnection PCBoard A9
5 6209815200 Ceph arm motor and signals

cable X1-X2
6 6209815300 Secondary collimator light barrier

cable X1/X3
7 6209815400 Ceph sensor light barrier cable

X1/X5
8 6209815500 Ceph Sensor motor M9
9 6609904100 Ceph Acquisition PCB + CCD

sensor
10 6209815800 ICEPH-PCC cable
11 6209815700 J1-J2 Ceph arm cable
12 6609802900 Rod for Ceph centering device
13 6608906100 Ceph ear pivot (10 pcs)
14 5909803800 Nose-rest rod
15 6609803500 Nose-rest rod assy

SERVICE MANUAL
Spare parts
1
2 3
7
4
2
1
10
11
15
12
13
14

SERVICE MANUAL
Spare parts
7 - ACCESSORIES AND SERVICE TOOLS
1 6608906000 Kit for 50 centering bite rods
2 4099927000 Kit for 500 centering bites
3 5409501400 Base for chin rest
4 5409501500 Panoramic chin rest
5 5409501600 Edentulous chin rest
6 6109502800 SINUS/ATM chin rest
7 6609502600 Mandible Implant bite block assy
8 6609502500 Maxilla Implant bite block assy
9 6609503600 Implant centering bites (2 pcs)
10 5409900200 Flat centering tool
11 5409900500 Fluorescent screen for X-ray beam

centering
12 5109900800 PAN sensor calibration tool
13 5408902100 Round centering tool
14 5209900900 CEPH sensor centering tool
15 6109902100 CEPH sensor calibration tool
- 5809322100 CEPH calibration programs CD
- 6609903400 PAN adjustment and calibration

tools kit
- 6609903600 CEPH adjustment and calibration

tools kit

SERVICE MANUAL
Spare parts
2
1
4 5
3 3 6
7 9 8
9
10
11 12
13
14 15

SERVICE MANUAL
Spare parts

SERVICE MANUAL
Fixing template
11. FIXING TEMPLATE

This system is equipped with a set of templates, composed of the
following elements:
Code Description
39099004 Upper template

SERVICE MANUAL
Fixing template

SERVICE MANUAL
Appendix
12. APPENDIX
12.1. Appendix A: Setup parameters table

The following table lists those adjustment parameters stored in the unit
during factory testing and that must be re-entered into the non-volatile
memory in case of replacement of the CPU board. This is due to the fact
that the new CPU board, provided as a spare part, has been factory
tested from the functional point of view, but contains only default
parameters which are not related to the unit where it will be installed.
Entering of the listed parameters can be performed through the service
programs (passwords).
NOTE:
The information listed in the table are the technical parameters set
during factory testing. Preferences set by the user (e.g. exposure
parameters different than the default ones) are not listed.
The table also has columns with blank cells. These cells must be filled in
when, during installation or during the life on the unit, any of the listed
parameters will be modified (e.g. after replacing a motor or a positioning
sensor).

SERVICE MANUAL
Appendix
STRATO 2000 Digital

Unit code:
Unit S/N:
U.I.C.:
Factory New New New New

Parameter
setting setting setting setting setting
Date
CPU type
X axis motor offset
Y axis motor offset
Rotation axis motor

offset
Primary collimator
type
Primary collimator
motor offset
Soft Tissue Filter

(STF) motor type
Soft Tissue Filter

(STF) motor offset
Soft Tissue Filter

(STF) % correction
Digital Ceph status

(OFF=disabled;
ON=enabled)
Digital ceph
Rotation offset
Digital ceph
secondary
collimator offset
Digital ceph sensor

offset
Language (English,
Italian, French,
German, Spanish)

SERVICE MANUAL
Appendix
12.2. Appendix B: Installation

Installation checklist
Vertical alignment of COLUMN (par. 6.2) ......................................
Horizontal alignment of CHIN SUPPORT (par. 6.4) ........................
Horizontal alignment of CEPH ARM (par. 6.6) ...............................
PANORAMIC mechanical ALIGNMENT CHECK (par. 6.7.1) ...........
CEPH mechanical ALIGNMENT CHECK (par. 6.7.2)......................
Alignement of PANORAMIC AXIS (par. 7.1.1) ................................
ROtation AXIS (par. 7.1.1.1) ...................................................
X AXIS (par. 7.1.1.1)...............................................................
Y AXIS (par. 7.1.1.1) ...............................................................
X-RAY BEAM centering (par. 7.1.2)...............................................
Alignement of CEPH AXIS
ROtation OFFSET (par. 7.1.3.1) ..............................................
Ear Centering Circle SETTING (par. 7.1.3.2) ...........................
Secondary Collimator CENTERING (par. 7.1.3.3) ....................
CEPH Sensor CENTERING (par. 7.1.3.4) ................................
Soft Tissue Filter (STF) ADJUSTMENT (par. 7.1.3.5)...............
Date and sign

SERVICE MANUAL
Appendix

Cod. 6909908903_Rev.3 0051
VILLA SISTEMI MEDICALI S.p.a.

Via Delle Azalee, 3
20090 Buccinasco (MI) - ITALY
Tel. (+39) 02 48859.1
Fax (+39) 02 4881844

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STRATO 2000 0051

Rev. Date Page/s Modification description

0 05.05.06 - Document approval.

2 11.01.07 iv, 1-1, 1-2, 2-5, 3-2, 3-3, Improvement of Installation,

(Rev. 3) STRATO 2000 Digital

THIS PAGE IS INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK

STRATO 2000 Digital (Rev. 3)

2. SAFETY INFORMATION 2-1

4. TECHNICAL DATA 4-1

(Rev. 3) i STRATO 2000 Digital

7. MAINTENANCE AND SERVICING 7-1

STRATO 2000 Digital ii (Rev. 3)

8.3. Service programs descriptions ........................................................... 8-10

(Rev. 3) iii STRATO 2000 Digital

8.3.9. Password 124 ................................................................................ 8-63

9. SCHEMATICS AND DRAWINGS 9-1

This publication can only be reproduced, transmitted, transcribed or translated into

STRATO 2000 Digital is an X-ray device for the radiographic

Two models are available:

The following options are available and must be ordered separately:

This manual is limited to the description of the X-ray device; instruction

(Rev. 3) 1-1 STRATO 2000 Digital

STRATO 2000 Digital is an electro-medical device and it can be used only

1.1. Icons appearing in the manual

This icon indicates a WARNING message; the items marked by this

1.2. How to contact VILLA SISTEMI MEDICALI technical

STRATO 2000 Digital 1-2 (Rev. 3)

Villa Sistemi Medicali, has not to be held responsible for:

• use of STRATO 2000 Digital different than the intended use,

Installation and any technical intervention must only be performed

(Rev. 3) 2-1 STRATO 2000 Digital

STRATO 2000 Digital has been built to support a continuous operation

Other medical instruments and devices that could be used in the

STRATO 2000 Digital 2-2 (Rev. 3)

The authorised technician must be sure that the unit is disconnected

Figure 2-1 - Panoramic version

Figure 2-2: Cephalometric version

(Rev. 3) 2-3 STRATO 2000 Digital

WARNING: PRECAUTIONS WHILE USING LASER CENTRING

WARNING: PRECAUTIONS DURING INSTALLATION AND SERVICE

STRATO 2000 Digital 2-4 (Rev. 3)

2.2. Environmental risks and displacement

Particularly the device contains the following materials and/or

(Rev. 3) 2-5 STRATO 2000 Digital

2.3. Symbols used

Device with type B applied parts

The device contains in some of its parts, materials and

N Connection point to the neutral conductor

L Connection point to the line conductor

OFF ; device not connected to the main power supply

ON ; device connected to the main power supply

Laser source output

Conformity to the CE 93/42 Directive

STRATO 2000 Digital 2-6 (Rev. 3)

3.1. Identification labels and laser labels

(Rev. 3) 3-1 STRATO 2000 Digital

STRATO 2000 Digital 3-2 (Rev. 3)

3.2. Function, Models and Version