ALC+2 Training Slide
ALC+2 Training Slide
ALC+2 Training Slide
ALCplus2
Training items
1. 2. 3. 4. ALCplus2 SCT or WEBLCT console WEB LCT commands Link configuration
ALCplus2
IDU
ALCplus2
ALCplus2 HW configurations
ALplus2/ALCplus2
ODU
1+1 ODU
Unprotected ODU
AL plus and ALC plus ALplus2/ALCplus2 Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p. a. 5 8
ALCplus2 Connectors
Alarm LEDs: STM1 (1+0/1+1) Nodal bus
1-8 9 - 16
16 E1 75/120 LAN 2, 4
LAN 1, 3 RJ45 management Power supply Fuse LAN 3, 4 (optical) USB ODU cable
Connection to equipment
LAN using an internet browser with the MNGT port
address
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SCT
ALCplus2
WEBLCT console
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Management ports
Traffic ethernet ports can be used for management (in a separated VLAN)
1/2
Management ports
EOC can arrive to IDU also through a Trib A or Trib B using a timeslot (slow)
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WEB LCT
WEB LCT main menu is similar to SCT Equipment menu.
In order to have the whole link in one page only, local equipment is declared managed by SCT, remote one is declared remote link. Opposite configuration on remote side.
172.18.81.20 WEBLCT
172.18.81.22 WEBLCT
Local
ALCplus2
172.18.81.20 172.18.81.22
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Tx and Rx power
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ACM setting
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1..8
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IDU 1
LAN 1 LAN2
NB1 NB2
IDU 2
LAN 1 LAN2
NB1 NB2
TDM (E1) Nbus cable LAN LAN cable LAN1 and LAN2 are used for cabling
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.........
IDU 8
LAN 1 LAN2 NB1 NB2
To LAN 2 of IDU1
To NB2 of IDU1
IDUs
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Nodal matrix
Its a logical matrix relevant a logical IDU made up by the physical IDUs
The cross connections between IDUx and the Nbus and Nbus and IDUx+1 are automatically performed
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Nodal matrix
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VLAN table
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T2 / T3 1
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T2 / T3 2
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Synchro status
All the sync. sources are degraded (out > 9.9 ppm) or missing. The IDU keeps the estimation of the last good source used
Source with the higher priority is present, with good quality and selected
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ACM setting
Radio capacity:
Ethernet Permanent TDM (high priority E1) Extra TDM (low priority E1)
Downshift (from 256QAM to 4QAM): the modulation complexity and the radio capacity decrease. Upshift (from 4QAM to 256QAM): the modulation complexity and the radio capacity increase. For each modulation profile the number of extra TDM (and then the Ethernet bitrate) can be set. ALCplus2 35
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Keep attention to set the same config. in order to mantain the traffic
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In ALplus2/ALCplus2 radio family uses Adaptive Code and Modulation (ACM) in order to employ the correct modulation profile depending on the Rx signal quality. Available ACM profiles are the following: 4QAM strong These profiles operate in an RF channel with the following 4QAM bandwidth: 8 PSK 7 MHz 16 QAM 14 MHz 32 QAM ODU pass band filters 64QAM 28 MHz 128QAM 56 MHz 256 QAM
ACM switching
The usage of the previous modulation profiles in a fixed channel bandwidth results in a variable capacity. The criteria defining the necessity of an ACM switching, upshift or downshift, is the Rx S/N ratio. Upshift When there is an increase of received S/N, within the same Channel Spacing, the modulation complexity is increased in the direction from 4QAM strong to 256QAM increasing the spectral efficiency Downshift When there is a decrease of received S/N, within the same Channel Spacing, the modulation is reduced in the direction from 256QAM to 4QAM strong reducing the spectral efficiency,
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2/2
The ACM can vary modulation profiles between two extremes defined by the operator through software configuration: Upper Modulation and Lower Modulation. Upper Modulation When propagation into the given radio channel is in the better condition (high Rx S/N), the radio link is working at the maximum throughput defined at Upper Modulation: the highest modulation profile that ACM can employ Lower modulation When propagation into the given radio channel is in the worst condition (low Rx S/N), the radio link is working at the minimum throughput, defined at Lower Modulation: the lowest modulation profile that ACM can employ
Tx Power mode
Tx power mode can be set as Constant Peak or Constant Average (constant bolometer measurement). Constant Peak Tx power is at maximum at 4QAM and at 256QAM is reduced (typical 4.5 dB) so the RF Tx amplifier can operate in better linear conditions Constant Average Tx power is the same at any modulation (is the Upper Mod Tx power)
The Tx Power mode is set depending on the modulation license of the user With Constant Average Tx power (Tx Power Constant Peak Mode = Disable), the Tx power at 4QAM and any other modulation is the same, so if Upper Modulation is 256QAM the output power at any modulation is the same of 256QAM which is 4.5 dB less than 4QAM. The result is that enabling 256QAM gives a big advantage for traffic but less link budget margin at 4QAM.
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Power profile
dBm
AS13 13GHz
+23
4QAM 8PSK
Average
In Average the Max Pout is the Max Pout of the upper mod (23dBm @ 256 QAM) and is the same at any profile
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Max Capacity
RF Bandwidth 7MHz 14MHz 28MHz 56MHz
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Radio Throughput E1 90 80 80 70 70 60 60 50 60 4QAMst 4QAM 8PSK 16QAM 40 40 30 30 20 10 10 0 7 MHz 14 MHz 4 5 7 12 17 20 14 8 10 20 25 15 17 20 35 30 40 34 40 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 80 80 80 80 80
Max E1
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Channel Bandwith
28 MHz
56 MHz
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General Preset
Rx Power Low alarm threshold
Local Tx switch in case both Remote Rx are alarmed: if remote Rx are alarmed for more than 10 sec in one minute, on local side Tx switch is performed and a Tx Fail alarm is active (to reset manually)
Link name
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Tributary traffic
E1
- Permanent (high priority) - Extra (low priority) In ALCplus2, trib A and B are here!
STM-1
- STM-1 1+0 - STM-1 1+1
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E1 Tributaries
RIGHT: E1 loop Radio side
Enable/Disable
Line side Radio side
E1 name
alarms
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Byte matrix: 9 lines and 270 columns row by row transmission (first byte is on the left of the top line )
Every Byte is 64 Kbit/s channel
STM-1 frame has a payload big enough for 1 E4 (140 Mbit/s) or 3 E3 (3 x 34 Mbit/s) or 63 E1 (63 x 2 Mbit/s)
STM-1 Frame
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SOH
RSOH
First 9 bytes of all the lines represent SOH (Section Overhead), made up by RSOH and MSOH separated by 9 bytes of AUOH (AU pointer) 64Kbit/s
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MSOH
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Path overhead
The Virtual Container is made up by path overhead and relevant container: VC = POH + C VC path overhead allows BER extimations, alarm and trouble information, multiplation indication. Depending on C, 2 different POH exist:
Payload
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AU pointer
First 6 bytes of AUOH contain: the pointer to position of VC first byte, the AU and the New Data Flag (it informs there are new data).
NDF
n AU
POINTER
Byte H1
Administrative Unit = AUOH + VC AU4 = AUOHALCplus2 + VC4
Byte H2
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RSOH
AU4 POINTER
9 lines
MSOH
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TU and TUG
TU, Tributary Unit, is made up by VC and overhead TUOH placed in a fixed position relevant to POH of higher order VC (where TU is placed)
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STM-1 & C4
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VC4 : is made up by C4 and POH (path over head). POH is the first VC4 column (9 bytes)
AU4 : is made up by VC4 and AU pointer.
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SOH
AU pointer
POH
STM-1 & E1
POH
Justification
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E1
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E1
C12
VC12
TU12 x3
TUG21
STM-1
x7
TUG3
x3
AU4
VC4
STM-1 Tributaries
Line alarms Enable/Disable
J0 Path trace
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VC4
VC4 alarms
J1 Path trace
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Excessive Degraded
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VC-12
Tug-3 = 1 Tug-2 = 7 VC-12 = 3
VC-12 1-7-3
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Ethernet traffic
Packet frame Level 2 and Level 3 VLAN Priority (Qos and PoS) LLF
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Pre.
SFD
DSAP
SSAP
len
Dati (LLC-PDU)
pad
FCS
Lenght From 64 to 1518 Byte without tag Frame Check Sequence Start Frame Delimiter
Switch at Layer 2
MAC switching:
- destination local = discarded - destination known = sent to the port - destination unknown = sent to all the ports
MDI/MDIX crossover
Layer 2 Flow Control / Back Pressure
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Ethernet switch
Max packet size
Life of addresses in the MAC address table Packet output queue depending on packet 802.1p priority Queue emptying policy
- 8421 WRR: 8 packets with queue 3, then 4 with queue 2, then 2 with queue 1 and then 1 with queue 0.
- Strict priority: a packet can go out only if the upper priority queue is empty
QinQ 91 00: field to add (the same on local and on remote switch) in case of double tag. This field is add after the Destination Address in the overhead before the transmission and is deleted by the switch on the other side as soon as it has been received. The Double tag is the one set as default tag of each external port
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- Strict 3: all queue 3 packets can go out, after them all the other using 8421WRR policy - Strict 3 and 2: all queue 3 and 2 packets can go out strictly, after them all the other using 8421WRR policy WRR= Wait Round Robin mode
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Local
CONNECTION EXAMPLES
Remote
NO VLAN NO VLAN AL_ETH AL_ETH PC2
PC4
PC1
PC3 PC5
PC6
PC1 PC3
NO 1 VLAN
2 NO VLAN
1 VLAN 4001
NO VLAN NO VLAN
AL_ETH
VLAN 4002
AL_ETH
2
PC2 PC4
PC1 PC3
NO VLAN
VLAN 4003
AL_ETH
VLAN 4004
AL_ETH
PC2 PC4
PC1 with PC2 and PC3 with PC4 with one external switch. Example3
VLAN 4005 VLAN 4005
VLAN 4005
AL_ETH PC1
AL_ETH PC2
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TAG composition
1 VLAN TAG
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Switching between ports is based on VLAN membership defined into Vlan configuration table.
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VLAN
VLAN can be used to route packets through local and remote switch.
If VLAN are not used, Port Based VLAN assignment is used port by port
( Port Based VLAN is the old LAN per port )
4001
VLAN 720 doesnt transit through port 1 VLAN 720 exits through port 1 untagged
VLAN 720 exits through port 1, with the same tag it has at input (unmodified)
Port 1
Port 2
Port 3
RadioPort
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VLAN map
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Priority
802.1p
Priority management can be defined port by port:
3 bits8 levels
in this example, despite general rules, LAN1 does not consider priority!
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Quality of Service
Better service to selected network traffic Different service classes based on the identity of the customer or the type of application Different service levels or to ensure service quality for timecritical traffic such as voice or video. IEEE 802.1p QoS (Layer 2- Quality of Service): 3 bit of the TAG. IP-V4 ToS (Layer 3- Type of Service): 6 bit of the TOS (D.S.C.P.) QoS at level 2, at level 3 or at both
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CS streaming
PS streaming HS streaming PS interactive PS background O&M HSPA interactive (1,2) HSPA interactive (3)
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26 24 22 20 12 12 12
2
2 2 1 1 0 0 0 ALCplus2
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LLF
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LAN PORT
Ethernet synch.
LAN cable
From 64Kb to Full Rate
Auto Negotiation
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Spanning tree
edge/no edge
Each port must be assigned to Bridge1 or Bridge2, every equipment crossed by a packet increases of 1 sec the max age of the packet
The Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) is a link layer protocol that ensures a loop-free topology for any bridged LAN.
MAC address & priority Standard STP or rapid RSTP STP params
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STP parameters
Hello time: from 2 to 10 sec, is the period between two BPDU packets Forward Delay: the time for a status change (blocking learning, learningforwarding, forwardingblocking). In this way the time requested from blocking to forwarding is twice the Forward Delay (2 status changes)
Max Age: If the incoming packet has a max age bigger than the one here defined, the packet is dropped
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RSTP parameters
Hello time: from 1 to 10 sec, is the period between two BPDU packets
Forward Delay: the time for a status change (blocking learning, learningforwarding, forwardingblocking). In RSTP the time requested from blocking to forwarding between two RSTP ports is the
hallo time (RAPID!) instead if the other port is not RSTP, again the
time is twice the Forward Delay (2 status changes) Max Age: If the incoming packet has a max age bigger than the one here defined, the packet is dropped
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Bridge
Bridge1 and 2 have same MAC addr. but can have different priority
00 00 00 1C 00 01
Equipment MAC address, set by SIAE, the same for management and traffic
High
Low
Bridge priority: in case of same value, the smaller MAC addr. elects the router bridge
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Crossconnection matrix
Tributary Radio crossconnetions Tributary Tributary crossconnections Radio Radio crossconnections
Remember that exist
Permanent E1 (in all ACM profiles)
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Radio capacity
CrossConnect Matrix
Tributary
(Front panel connectors)
Radio-Tributary
CrossConnection is performed with a Drag n Drop of the E1 slot
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Trib.-Trib. crossconnection
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CrossConnection List
Selection column
ATPC
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Link configuration
1+0 1+1 hot stand by 1+1 freq. diversity 2+0 (ALplus2 only)
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= Stand-by = Active
1
IDU
IDU
ODU
ODU
Both radios, working at the same frequency, are active in Rx but only one is active in Tx: 1 antenna Branching losses are inserted in link budget 2 antennas Link is in space diversity (and without branching losses) Best performance for d=150l (d=distance between antennas)
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ODU
1
IDU
IDU
ODU
= F2HIGH = F2LOW
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SD management
1. Delete SD files 2. Create Boot SD 3. Create Sw DWL SD 4. Enable automatic restore (all) 5. Enable automatic restore (Data only) 6. Disable automatic restore 7. Enable Not running Sw delete 8. Disable Not running Sw delete 9. Force automatic restore 10. Copy Sw from SD 11. Copy Data to BOOT SD 12. Copy Sw to BOOT SD _________________________
Notes: Sw= Equipment firmwares Data=Configuration Backup file
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To prepare the SD memory to be a back-up, in the WEBLCT: 1. Insert an empty SD in the IDU and after run WEBLCT 2. Create a Boot SD it takes about 10 minutes 3. Enable Automatic Restore (All)
Evenctual new setting after this point are included in the back-up The status of the SD will show: Automatic data restore from SD....Enabled Automatic SW download from SDEnabled
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Rescue status
During the line-up, if the remote, already configured, is not visible both terminals enter in Rescue status: 4QAM and 0 TDM with Rescue alarm ON. After 5 minutes if the remote remains unreachable, they turn back to use the traffic configuration of the line up.
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Division of Ethernet traffic: XOR between destination MAC and source MAC (hashing)
Trunk x
LAN1
LAN2
LAN3
LAN4
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Division of Ethernet traffic: XOR between destination MAC and source MAC (hashing)
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ELP
A level 2 protection of ethernet lines (2 or more lines in different groups) in the same IDU or in the same node: the switch is performed when a LAN port LOS (on local side) is noticed. When this LOS is over a second switch is not performed. ELP equipment Prot 1 and 2 ELP nodal Nodal Prot 1, 2, 3 and 4
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OAM - FM
OAM acronims
FM
Continuity Check Protocol Loopback Protocol LBM Link Trace Protocol LTM Remote Defect Indicator Customer Domain Service Provider Domain Operator Domain
MD
ALC+2 1 DM
DL
MA MEP
MEP down MEP up
MIP
1 MEP/MIP each VLAN , max 32 VLAN (Vid 1 and Vid 4095 are not available)
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VLAN 2 is selected
Bind MA
In OAM-FM MA/MEP select the VLAN where to create the MIP and select the command Bind MA. The name of the VLAN is suggested MA name. A MIP is created inside the Ethernet switch.
Now VLAN 2 has a MA and a MIP inside the ALC+2 ALCplus2 113
VLAN 11 is selected
Bind MEP
MEP ID is univocal in the VLAN MA Name is the VLAN label CCM Interval is the CCM period :1s, 10s, 1m, 10m and LAN4 is the port where CCM messages exit through Now VLAN 11 has a MEP inside the ALC+2, the CCM start from this MEP and go out through LAN4 every 10 seconds Outside the switch Inside the switch Used port must be NOT trunked ALCplus2 114
MEP usage
RED: no CCM received from remote MEPs for more than 2.5T , or RMEP not present/crosschecked. Green: received from crosschecked RMEP MEP identity RMEP: table of Remote MEPs (RMEP) of this local MEP. A RMEP must be crosschecked to be used. Local MEP and its RMEP are in the same VLAN and must have the same CCM period T. A RMEP sends CCMs towards the local MEP and without LBM or LTM does not replies to local MEP.
CCM enabled. The MEP sents CCMs, every T, to its RMEPs to evalutate the status of the VLAN circuit. The CCM can be originated only by a MEP. T = 1s, 10s, 1m, 10m
MEP status: Start - RMEP must be crosschecked Connected RMEP is working Failed RMEP is not receiving
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LTM
LTM All the MEP/MIP met reply towards the sender that obtains a list of MIP/MEP crossed towards the RMEP destination.
Sender
Destination
List
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Factory default
User: System Pswd: **** If Apply is selected all the settings are deleted substituted by factory default (addresses depends on ODU H or L)
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IDU-ODU cable
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