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    LPI 101 - Design Hard Disk Layout (2) : (Linux Professional Institute Certification)

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    Desmond Devendran

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    LPI 101 - Design Hard Disk Layout (2) : (Linux Professional Institute Certification)

    Uploaded by

    Desmond Devendran
    27 views23 pages

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    3.1

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    27 views23 pages

    LPI 101 - Design Hard Disk Layout (2) : (Linux Professional Institute Certification)

    Uploaded by

    Desmond Devendran

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 23

    LPI 101 Design Hard Disk Layout [2]

    (Linux Professional Institute Certication)


    a .. /V\ // \\ @._.@

    by: geoffrey robertson geoffrey@zip.com.au

    $Id: gl1.102.1.slides.tex,v 1.2 2003/05/30 05:00:47 waratah Exp $

    c 2002 Geoffrey Robertson, Andrew Eager. Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies or modied versions of this document provided that this copyright notice and this permission notice are preserved on all copies under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundationeither version 2 of the License or (at your option) any later version.

    a Copyright

    Design hard disk layout [2]


    Objective
    Candidates should be able to design a disk partitioning scheme for a Linux system. This objective includes allocating lesystems or swap space to separate partitions or disks, and tailoring the design to the intended use of the system. It also includes placing /boot on a partition that conforms with the BIOS requirements for booting.

    Design hard disk layout [2]


    Key les, terms, and utilities
    / (root) filesystem /var filesystem /home filesystem swap space mount points partitions cylinder 1024

    Resources of interest
    Linux Partitioning Mini-FAQ
    http://pw1.netcom.com/kmself/Linux/FAQs/partition.html

    IA32 Disk Partitions


    Primary Partitions
    On i386 systems disks may be sliced up into to 15 partitions. (It may be possible to have 63 or more partitions in IDE disk drives) The disk must have at least 1 primary partition. /dev/hda1 There may be up to 4 primary partitions. /dev/hda1 /dev/hda2 /dev/hda3 /dev/hda4 (primary) (primary) (primary) (primary)

    IA32 Disk Partitions


    Logical Partitions
    On i386 systems disks may be sliced up into to 15 partitions. One of the 4 primary partitions may be made into an extended partition. The one extended partition must hold between 1 and 12 logical partitions. /dev/hda1 /dev/hda2 /dev/hda5 /dev/hda6 ... /dev/hda16 (primary) (extended) (logical) (logical) (logical)
    5

    Linux Partitioning mini-FAQ


    Basic Recommendation
    / /tmp /var /usr /usr/local /home 50 - 100 MB 50 - 100 MB 200 - 500 MB 1 - 2+ GB 1 - 2+ GB remainder

    Linux Partitioning mini-FAQ


    Swap
    Linux currently has a maximum of 2GB

    Linux Partitioning mini-FAQ


    Swap
    Linux currently has a maximum of 2GB VA Linux congures its servers with 1x physical RAM

    7-a

    Linux Partitioning mini-FAQ


    Swap
    Linux currently has a maximum of 2GB VA Linux congures its servers with 1x physical RAM Traditional recommendation is 2x physical RAM

    7-b

    Linux Partitioning mini-FAQ


    Swap
    Linux currently has a maximum of 2GB VA Linux congures its servers with 1x physical RAM Traditional recommendation is 2x physical RAM Karsten M. Self uses 3x physical RAM

    7-c

    Linux Partitioning mini-FAQ


    Swap
    Linux currently has a maximum of 2GB VA Linux congures its servers with 1x physical RAM Traditional recommendation is 2x physical RAM Karsten M. Self uses 3x physical RAM Large amounts of swap should be divided across several partitions and preferably across several spindles.

    7-d

    Linux Partitioning mini-FAQ


    Root partition
    The root partition must have: /bin /dev /etc /initrd /lib /root /sbin

    Other directory trees may be distributed on other partitions/spindles.


    8

    Linux Partitioning mini-FAQ


    Directories on separate partitions
    /tmp highly variable. Dont risk your root partition, isolate this content. Mount noexec and/or nosuid for added protection.

    Linux Partitioning mini-FAQ


    Directories on separate partitions
    /tmp highly variable. Dont risk your root partition, isolate this content. Mount noexec and/or nosuid for added protection. /var likewise, highly variable. Mount noexec and/or nosuid for added protection.

    9-a

    Linux Partitioning mini-FAQ


    Directories on separate partitions
    /tmp highly variable. Dont risk your root partition, isolate this content. Mount noexec and/or nosuid for added protection. /var likewise, highly variable. Mount noexec and/or nosuid for added protection. /usr Largely stable. Can be mounted read-only except for package upgrades.

    9-b

    Linux Partitioning mini-FAQ


    Directories on separate partitions
    /tmp highly variable. Dont risk your root partition, isolate this content. Mount noexec and/or nosuid for added protection. /var likewise, highly variable. Mount noexec and/or nosuid for added protection. /usr Largely stable. Can be mounted read-only except for package upgrades. /usr/local Largely stable, and not part of the packaging system. Can be mounted read-only, possibly nosuid.

    9-c

    Linux Partitioning mini-FAQ


    Directories on separate partitions
    /tmp highly variable. Dont risk your root partition, isolate this content. Mount noexec and/or nosuid for added protection. /var likewise, highly variable. Mount noexec and/or nosuid for added protection. /usr Largely stable. Can be mounted read-only except for package upgrades. /usr/local Largely stable, and not part of the packaging system. Can be mounted read-only, possibly nosuid. /home Variable content, usually most sensitive data both in terms of security and integrity. Can be mounted nosuid.

    9-d

    Linux Partitioning mini-FAQ


    Typical Desktop
    Filesystem 1k-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on /dev/hda3 152247 33526 110859 24% / /dev/hda6 249871 2004 234967 1% /tmp /dev/sda7 585008 457456 97836 83% /var /dev/hda5 495960 87588 382772 19% /var/spool/news /dev/sdb2 1929100 1518288 312816 83% /usr /dev/sda5 1209572 574152 573976 51% /usr/local /dev/hda7 378711 213496 145662 60% /usr/local/data /dev/hda2 1007992 584132 372656 62% /home /dev/hda1 157044 119252 37792 76% /mnt/dos

    10

    Linux Partitioning mini-FAQ


    Typical Desktop fdisk /dev/hda
    Disk /dev/hda: 128 heads, 63 sectors, 620 cylinders Units = cylinders of 8064 * 512 bytes Device Boot /dev/hda1 /dev/hda2 /dev/hda3 * /dev/hda4 /dev/hda5 /dev/hda6 /dev/hda7 Start 1 40 294 333 333 460 524 End 39 293 332 620 459 523 620 Blocks 157216+ 1024128 157248 1161216 512032+ 258016+ 391072+ Id 6 83 83 5 83 83 83 System FAT16 Linux Linux Extended Linux Linux Linux

    11

    Linux Partitioning mini-FAQ


    Typical Desktop fdisk /dev/sda
    Disk /dev/sda: 255 heads, 63 sectors, 261 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 bytes Device Boot /dev/sda1 /dev/sda2 /dev/sda5 /dev/sda6 /dev/sda7 Start 1 18 18 171 188 End 17 261 170 187 261 Blocks 136521 1959930 1228941 136521 594373+ Id 82 5 83 82 83 System Linux swap Extended Linux Linux swap Linux

    12

    Linux Partitioning mini-FAQ


    Typical Desktop fdisk /dev/sdb
    Disk /dev/sdb: 255 heads, 63 sectors, 261 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 bytes Device Boot /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdb2 Start 1 18 End 17 261 Blocks 136521 1959930 Id 82 83 System Linux swap Linux

    13

    Linux Partitioning mini-FAQ


    Typical Desktop /etc/fstab
    /dev/hda3 proc /dev/hda6 /dev/sda7 /dev/hda5 /dev/sdb2 /dev/sda5 /dev/hda7 /dev/hda2 /dev/hdc /dev/fd0 /dev/hda1 /dev/sda1 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sda6 / /proc /tmp /var /var/spool/news /usr /usr/local /usr/local/data /home ext2 proc ext2 ext2 ext2 ext2 ext2 ext2 ext2 defaults,errors=remount-ro defaults defaults,nosuid,nodev defaults,nosuid,nodev defaults,nosuid,noexec,nodev defaults,rw,nodev defaults,rw,nosuid,nodev defaults,nosuid,nodev defaults,nosuid,nodev 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

    /mnt/cdrom iso9660 noauto,user,ro,nodev,nosuid 2 2 /mnt/floppy auto noauto,gid=disk,umask=007,rw,user 2 2 /mnt/dos vfat auto,user,nosuid,nodev,gid=6,umask=002 2 2 none none none swap swap swap sw sw sw 0 0 0 0 0 0

    14

    The End

    15

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