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    Nozzle Classification 97

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    Rodriguez Arthurs
    Rocket nozzles are classified into two groups: conventional nozzles and advanced concept nozzles. Conventional nozzles include conical nozzles and bell nozzles. Conical nozzles have walls that diverge at a constant angle and are the oldest and simplest design. Bell nozzles or contoured nozzles have a shaped contour to gain higher performance and shorter length. Advanced concept nozzles like aerospike and expansion deflection nozzles avoid flow separation and can operate over a wide range of altitudes and conditions without losses from overexpansion.

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    Nozzle Classification 97

    Uploaded by

    Rodriguez Arthurs
    2K views19 pages
    Rocket nozzles are classified into two groups: conventional nozzles and advanced concept nozzles. Conventional nozzles include conical nozzles and bell nozzles. Conical nozzles have walls that diverge at a constant angle and are the oldest and simplest design. Bell nozzles or contoured nozzles have a shaped contour to gain higher performance and shorter length. Advanced concept nozzles like aerospike and expansion deflection nozzles avoid flow separation and can operate over a wide range of altitudes and conditions without losses from overexpansion.

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    Rocket nozzles are classified into two groups: conventional nozzles and advanced concept nozzles. Conventional nozzles include conical nozzles and bell nozzles. Conical nozzles have walls that diverge at a constant angle and are the oldest and simplest design. Bell nozzles or contoured nozzles have a shaped contour to gain higher performance and shorter length. Advanced concept nozzles like aerospike and expansion deflection nozzles avoid flow separation and can operate over a wide range of altitudes and conditions without losses from overexpansion.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    2K views19 pages

    Nozzle Classification 97

    Uploaded by

    Rodriguez Arthurs
    Rocket nozzles are classified into two groups: conventional nozzles and advanced concept nozzles. Conventional nozzles include conical nozzles and bell nozzles. Conical nozzles have walls that diverge at a constant angle and are the oldest and simplest design. Bell nozzles or contoured nozzles have a shaped contour to gain higher performance and shorter length. Advanced concept nozzles like aerospike and expansion deflection nozzles avoid flow separation and can operate over a wide range of altitudes and conditions without losses from overexpansion.

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    of 19

    Rocket nozzle classification

    ROCKET NOZZLE
    Component of a rocket or air-breathing engine that produces thrust Accomplished b converting the thermal energy of the hot chamber gases into kinetic energy Common for both solid and liquid propellant rocket motor

    ROCKET NOZZLE CLASSIFICATION


    Rocket nozzles are classified into two groups 1) Conventional nozzles I ) Conical nozzles ii) Bell nozzles or contoured nozzles

    conventionally adopted configurations

    2) Advanced concept nozzles I ) Aero spike nozzle ii) Expansion deflection (E D) nozzles

    CONICAL NOZZLES

     Wall diverge at a constant angle.  The exit i.e., the supersonic portion is straight  The conical nozzles with a 15 divergent half angle is standard.

    The conical nozzle is the oldest and simplest configuration. It is relatively easy to fabricate. When momentum equation is applied the thrust is reduced by a factor. = (1+ cos )/2 for rockets = 1.0 thus = 15 known as half angle of the nozzle. Gives high specific impulse. Small cone nozzle leads to excessive length.

    Advantages
     Fabrication simplicity

    Application
     SLV 3 Booster nozzles is a conical nozzles  Most of the warfare applications

    BELL NOZZLES OR CONTOURED NOZZLES

     Nozzles shape is contoured , not a straight one  To gain higher performance and shorter length  To contour the nozzle to avoid oblique shock APPLICATIONS  Upper stage propulsion systems  Satellite on broad propulsion systems

    Most common type of nozzle used today. It has a high expansion section(20 to 50) due to high relative pressure , large pressure gradient and rapid expansion of working fluid. Separation does not occur until discontinuities are there in nozzle contour. More efficient than cone nozzle of similar configuration as contour is designed to minimize losses. NOTE: Remember method of characteristics.

    TWO STEP NOZZLES Modification of bell shaped nozzle. Aims to achieve maximum performance at more than a single altitude. Concept of extendible nozzle. actuators ,power supply and mechanisms come into picture. Dual bell nozzle-two shortened nozzles combined into one with a bump or inflection point. Very little practical experience.

    ADVANCED CONCEPTS NOZZLES


     In the contour nozzles , there is a danger of nozzles flow
    separation  In the advanced concepts nozzles, this flow separation is avoided  Nozzles can be operated for wider altitude operations , for different conditions of chamber pressure

    AEROSPIKE AND EXPANSION DEFLECTION NOZZLE To offset the thrust loss associated with overexpansion. Flow from the combustion chamber passes through an annular throat. For plug nozzle(aero spike) the flow expands around a corner at the throat to ambient pressure on one side and the central body or plug on the other side. For expansion deflection nozzle the same is achieved but by using an inverse geometry.

    A gas boundary is created-is an interface between the hot air and ambient pressure. During ascending flight the gas boundary expands outward , causes a change in pressure distribution. This allows for automatic and continuous altitude compensation. Nozzle modifications include truncated plugs , wall contour alteration.

    Advantages
     It can be operated for different altitude conditions without danger of nozzle flow separation  Here no over expansion losses are encountered  High thrust performance over a wide range of altitude

    Applications
    Venture star American 2 stage- to- orbit vehicle using Aero spike nozzle

     Lighter nozzle  Less cooling problems

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