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    Coronary Angioplasty

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    Siti Hasmah Jamil
    Coronary angioplasty is a procedure where a catheter with a balloon at the tip is inserted into an artery and maneuvered to a narrowed section. The balloon is inflated to widen the stenosis and a stent may be left in place to keep the artery open. This improves blood flow to the heart. Long term, the atheroma may re-form and require a repeat procedure or bypass surgery. Sublingual nitroglycerin provides rapid relief of angina by relaxing blood vessels within 3 minutes, but its effects only last 15-30 minutes as the liver deactivates it.

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    Coronary Angioplasty

    Uploaded by

    Siti Hasmah Jamil
    76 views2 pages
    Coronary angioplasty is a procedure where a catheter with a balloon at the tip is inserted into an artery and maneuvered to a narrowed section. The balloon is inflated to widen the stenosis and a stent may be left in place to keep the artery open. This improves blood flow to the heart. Long term, the atheroma may re-form and require a repeat procedure or bypass surgery. Sublingual nitroglycerin provides rapid relief of angina by relaxing blood vessels within 3 minutes, but its effects only last 15-30 minutes as the liver deactivates it.

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    Coronary angioplasty is a procedure where a catheter with a balloon at the tip is inserted into an artery and maneuvered to a narrowed section. The balloon is inflated to widen the stenosis and a stent may be left in place to keep the artery open. This improves blood flow to the heart. Long term, the atheroma may re-form and require a repeat procedure or bypass surgery. Sublingual nitroglycerin provides rapid relief of angina by relaxing blood vessels within 3 minutes, but its effects only last 15-30 minutes as the liver deactivates it.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    76 views2 pages

    Coronary Angioplasty

    Uploaded by

    Siti Hasmah Jamil
    Coronary angioplasty is a procedure where a catheter with a balloon at the tip is inserted into an artery and maneuvered to a narrowed section. The balloon is inflated to widen the stenosis and a stent may be left in place to keep the artery open. This improves blood flow to the heart. Long term, the atheroma may re-form and require a repeat procedure or bypass surgery. Sublingual nitroglycerin provides rapid relief of angina by relaxing blood vessels within 3 minutes, but its effects only last 15-30 minutes as the liver deactivates it.

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    Coronary Angioplasty ( Percutaneous coronary interventions(PCIs))

    • Coronary angioplasty is a procedure where a narrowed section of a coronary artery is widened


    by using a balloon and a stent attached to a catheter.

    • A catheter is a thin, flexible tube which is inserted into a coronary artery. It is inserted through
    a peripheral artery (usually femoral, brachial or radial) and maneuvered into the stenotic
    segment of coronary vessel.

    • The balloon at the tip of the catheter is blown up (inflated) at the narrowed section of artery
    to dilate the stenosis. Then the balloon is deflated and the catheter is removed from the body.

    • A 'stent' (a small tube) is left in place to keep the artery widened.

    • The improvement in the size of coronary lumen increases the coronary perfusion and
    myocardial oxygen supply.

    • Effective dilatation of the stenosis results from compression of the atherosclerotic plaque and
    often by creating a farcture within the lesion and stretching the underlying media.
    Long-term complications
    In some cases, the atheroma re-forms within the stent over the next few months and years. This may
    narrow the artery again and angina pains may return again. It is difficult to give figures as to how often
    this occurs. If it does, then the procedure can be repeated, or other treatments for angina can be
    considered such as coronary artery bypass grafting.

    Sublingual Nitroglycerin (organic nitrates)


    Treatment for acute angina attacks.

    Mechanism of action
    - Produce vascular smooth muscle relaxation
    - The mechanism involves the conversion of the administered drug (nitroglycerin)to nitric oxide
    at or near the plasma membrane of vascular smooth muscle cells.
    - NO activates guanylate cyclase to produce cGMP and the intracellular accumulation of cGMP
    leads to smooth muscle relaxation
    - At low doses, nitroglycerin produces greater dilation of veins than arterioles. The venodilation
    results in venous pooling, diminished venous return and hence decreased right and left
    ventricular filling.

    Onset - Peak action occurs within 3 min, because they are rapidly absorbed into the bloodstream via
    the oral mucosa.
    Effect – diminished rapidly, falling off within 15 to 30 min, as the drug deactivated in the liver.
    ADR – hypotension, reflex tachycardia, headache, flushing.
    Overdose – symptoms include vasodilatation, venous pooling, reduced CO and hypotension.

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