KMML IV Report
KMML IV Report
KMML IV Report
INTRODUCTION
Titanium dioxide (TiO2), also referred to as Titania, is
a substance as old as the earth itself.
Titanium dioxide is readily mined in its purest form
from beach sand.
Dr. Schomberg, a German Scientist, discovered in 1909
traces of monazite in the sand flakes on the imported
coir from Sankaramangalam..
KMML is the world’s first fully integrated Titanium
dioxide plant.
It was Established in 1932 as F. X. Perira and Sons
(Travancore) Pvt. Ltd.
It was taken over by the State Government in 1956, and
became a public limited company in 1972 in the name
‘The Kerala Minerals and Metals Ltd. (KMML)’.
Eco-friendly and socially committed, it is the only
integrated titanium dioxide facility having mining
,mineral seperation,synthetic rutile and pigment
production plants
PROCESS CHART
MINERAL SEPERATION UNIT
Titanium Dioxide is essentially harvested from sea.
The Mineral Separation Unit (MS Unit) of KMML is
engaged in the separation of Ilmenite, Rutile,
Leucoxone, Monazite etc from the beach sand.
The MS Unit employs Gravitational, Magnetic & High
Tension Electrostatic Techniques for separation of
minerals from the sand.
PROCESS
Raw Ilmenite is chemically processed to remove
impurities such as iron, leaving the pure, white
pigment available for use.
The chloride process produces TiO2 products by
reacting titanium ores with chlorine gas.
PROCESS STEPS
Process contains 2 units
Mineral seperation unit
Titanium dioxide pigment unit
The four process steps are
Ilmenite benification plant
Chlorination plant
Oxidation plant
Pigment surface treatment and finishing plant
The chlorides of impurity metals are removed from
Titanium Tetra Chloride (TiCl4) through various
processes to complete the recovery of TiCl4.
It is further purified by distillation to obtain pure
Titanium Tetra Chloride in the liquid form which is
stored in storage vessels.
Titanium Tetra Chloride is vaporized, pre heated and
oxidized with oxygen in the Oxidation Plant to
produce raw Titanium Dioxide at a high temperature.
Beneficiated Ilmenite (BI) is the raw material for the
Pigment Production Plant.
BI from Ilmenite Beneficiation Plant is chlorinated in
the Chlorination Plant to produce Titanium Tetra
Chloride (Tickle).
Chlorine reacts with Titanium Dioxide and other
metallic oxide impurities in BI in the presence of
petroleum coke at a temperature of 9000C in a
fluidised bed chlorinator to produce chlorides of
Titanium and other impurity metals.
The raw Titanium Dioxide is then classified and
surface treated with various chemicals.
filtered and washed to remove the salts, sent to the
dryer and then to the microniser, in the Pigment
Surface Treatment & Finishing Plant.
The Titanium Dioxide pigment (in powder form) is
subsequently packed.
RAW MATERIALS REQUIRED
Silica Sand
Sodium Silicate
Beneficiated Ilmenite
Hydrated Lime
Aluminium Chloride
Sulphuric Acid
Potassium Chloride
Petrolium Coke-Npf Grade
Hydrochloric Acid
Liquid chlorine In containers
Caustic Soda Lye
Raw Ilmenite
Foculant
Cabosil
Trimethylol ethane
Tri Iso proponol Amine
Succinic acid
Furnace oil
Calcinated petrolium coke
SAFETY
Mock Drill to handle onsite emergencies