Nursing Care Plan of Cataract
Nursing Care Plan of Cataract
Nursing Care Plan of Cataract
Cataracts are the leading cause of preventable blindness among adults in the United States. The
incidence of cataracts in the United States is 1.2 to 6.0 cases per 10,000 people. A cataract is
defined as opacity of the normally transparent lens that distorts the image projected on the retina.
The lens opacity reduces visual acuity. As the eye ages, the lens loses water and increases in size
and density, causing compression of lens fibers. A cataract then forms as oxygen uptake is
reduced, water content decreases, calcium content increases, and soluble protein becomes
insoluble. Over time, compression of lens fibers causes a painless, progressive loss of
transparency that is often bilateral. The rate of cataract formation in each eye is seldom identical.
Without surgery, a cataract can lead to blindness.
Cataract a common cause of gradual vision loss is opacity of the lens or the lens capsule of the
eye. The clouded lens blocks light shining through the cornea. This block, in turn, blurs the
image cast onto the retina. As a result, the brain interprets a hazy image. Cataracts commonly
affect both eyes, but each cataract progresses independently. Exceptions are traumatic cataracts,
which are usually unilateral, and congenital cataracts, which may remain stationary. Cataracts
are most prevalent in people older than age 70. Surgery restores vision in about 95% of patients.
CAUSES
Cataracts have several causes and may be age-related, present at birth, or formed as a result of
trauma or exposure to a toxic substance, Cataracts are classified by the cause:
Genetic Considerations; Epidemiological studies indicate that cataracts have strong genetic
components. Several loci have been identified for an autosomal dominant form of cataracts.
Congenital cataracts occur with galactosemia and these can appear within just a few days of
birth. The specific genetic contributions of the more common age-associated cataracts are still
unclear. Ethnicity and race have no known effect on the risk of cataracts.
Complications
Complications may include retinal disorders, pupillary block, adhesions, acute glaucoma,
macular edema, and retinal detachment. Following extracapsular cataract extraction, the
posterior capsule may become opacified. This condition, called a secondary membrane or after-
cataract, occurs when subcapsular lens epithelial cells regenerate lens fibers, which obstruct
vision. After-cataract is treated by yttrium-aluminum-garnet (YAG) laser treatment to the
affected tissue. Without surgery, a cataract eventually causes complete vision loss.
Treatment
Surgical lens extraction
Anxiety
Deficient knowledge (diagnosis and treatment)
Disturbed sensory perception: Visual
Risk for infection
Risk for injury
patient and his family will voice their feelings and concerns.
patient will verbalize understanding of the disease and treatment.
patient will regain normal visual functioning.
patient will show no signs or symptoms of infection.
patient will avoid injury
Body image; Safety behavior: Personal; Safety behavior: Fall prevention; Safety
behavior: Home physical environment; Anxiety control; Neurological status; Rest; Sleep
Postoperatively, monitor the patient until he recovers from the effects of the anesthetic.
Keep the side rails of the bed up, monitor vital signs, and assist him with early
ambulation.
Apply an eye shield or eye patch postoperatively as ordered
Communication enhancement: Visual deficit; Activity therapy; Cognitive stimulation;
Environmental management; Fall prevention; Surveillance: Safety